With the progress of social economy, science and technology and living standards, people's understanding of the connotation of health is also deepening. The World Health Organization puts forward that "health is not only the absence of disease or weakness, but a perfect state of physical, mental health and social happiness". A comprehensive understanding of the connotation of health is helpful to guide the practice of health education and health promotion.
(2) Health education
Health education is to help individuals and groups master health care knowledge, establish health concepts and voluntarily adopt educational activities and processes conducive to healthy behaviors and lifestyles through information dissemination and behavioral intervention. That is to unify the changes of the educated's knowledge, ideas and behaviors. The relationship between them is: knowledge is the foundation, belief is the driving force, and action is the goal. Its purpose is to eliminate or reduce the risk factors affecting health, prevent diseases, promote health and improve the quality of life.
According to the new concept put forward by 13 World Health Assembly in 1988, health education is a science to study and spread health care knowledge and technology, influence individual and group behaviors, eliminate risk factors, prevent diseases and promote health. It focuses on the theory, laws and methods of knowledge dissemination and behavior change, as well as the theory and practice of organization, planning and evaluation of community education. Through communication and education, we can impart health care knowledge to society, families and individuals, improve self-care ability, develop healthy behaviors, correct bad habits, eliminate risk factors, prevent diseases, promote human health and improve quality of life.
(3) Health promotion
Health promotion is a process to promote people's ability to control the factors that affect their health and maintain and improve their health. It is a strategy to coordinate human beings and their environment, which stipulates the responsibility of individuals and society for health. It refers to the intervention of behaviors and lifestyles harmful to health through comprehensive means such as health education, organization, legislation, policy and economy, so as to create a good social and ecological environment and promote human health.
Health promotion model (omitted)
The development of health education in China has gone through three stages: health promotion, health education and health promotion. The relationship between them is that the latter embraces the former, and the latter is the development of the former. The difference is:
Health promotion = knowledge popularization+publicity and agitation
Health education = knowledge+belief+behavior
Health promotion = health education+social support
(d) in the field of health promotion
Health promotion involves five main areas of activity:
1. Formulate public policies to promote health. The significance of health promotion has gone beyond the scope of medical care, and health issues have been put on the agenda of decision makers at all levels, departments, governments and organizations. The purpose of explicitly requiring non-health departments to implement health promotion policies is to make it easier for people to make healthier choices.
Step 2 Create a supportive environment
Health promotion must create a safe, satisfactory and pleasant living and working environment, and systematically evaluate the impact of the environment on health to ensure that the social and natural environment is conducive to healthy development.
3. Strengthen community action.
The real power to improve the quality of life of community people is themselves. Fully mobilize community forces, actively and effectively participate in the formulation and implementation of health care plans, tap community resources, help them understand their own health problems, and propose solutions.
Step 4 Develop personal skills
Support personal and social development by providing health information, education and helping people improve their skills in making healthy choices. Schools, families, work units and communities should help people do this.
5. Adjust the direction of health services.
The responsibility of health service in health promotion is shared by individuals, social organizations, health professionals, health departments, industrial and commercial institutions and the government. They must work together to build a health care system.
Second, the task of health education and health promotion
1. Actively strive for and effectively promote leaders and decision makers to change their ideas, support health needs and activities beneficial to health from policies and resources, and formulate various policies to promote health. As a part of national quality education, health education has always been highly valued by our government. It is an inevitable trend to support and promote health education by government actions and administrative intervention.
2. Promote the sense of responsibility of individuals, families and communities to prevent diseases, promote health and improve the quality of life, so that people can make wise and effective choices when facing health-related problems of individuals or groups, and realize the development of community resources (people, money, things, etc.). By improving the self-help ability of the community.
3. Create a healthy external environment. Health education and health promotion must be based on a wide range of alliances and support systems, and work together with relevant departments to gradually create a good living environment and working environment, and build communities, schools and enterprises into "health promotion communities", "health promotion schools" and "health promotion factories".
4. Actively promote the transformation of ideas and functions of medical and health departments, especially community health service centers, so that their functions will develop in the direction of providing health services.
5. Carry out national health education. Educate and guide the people to get rid of superstitions, abandon bad habits, develop good living habits, advocate a civilized, healthy and scientific lifestyle, cultivate healthy psychological quality, and improve the health quality and scientific and cultural level of the whole nation.