First, the value of safflower
Safflower seeds can be used as cooking oil. Its protein content is 12% ~ 22% and linoleic acid content is 70% ~ 80%, which is higher than all known edible oils. Its oil is clear, yellow, delicious and nutritious. Abroad, it is widely used in eating, cooking and making margarine, mayonnaise and salad. Long-term consumption of safflower oil can soften blood vessels, prevent arteriosclerosis, reduce blood lipid and serum cholesterol, and play an important role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In industry, safflower oil can be made into oil knee, soap, printing oil and varnish, which is suitable for making films and making high-quality white dyes. Used as antioxidant and stabilizer for vitamins A and D in pharmaceutical industry. Supplementing a certain amount of safflower oil in livestock feed can prevent microorganisms in ruminants from saturating fat and increase the content of linoleic acid and fat in milk. Carthamus tinctorius is a traditional Chinese medicine, which has the effects of breaking blood stasis, promoting tissue regeneration, promoting blood circulation and relieving pain, dredging channels and reducing swelling. It is often used to treat dysmenorrhea, blood stasis amenorrhea, postpartum abdominal pain, traumatic injury, joint pain, macula, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, thromboangiitis obliterans and other diseases. External application of flowers to boils can diminish inflammation. Flowers can also provide natural dyes such as red, yellow and orange, which can be used as dyes for high-grade silk and food. The oil residue of safflower seed can be used as feed for cattle and pigs, and the isolated protein jujube safflower protein can also be extracted from it. The stem and leaf of Carthamus tinctorius contains crude protein 1 1.2%, crude fat 2.2% and crude fiber 28.6%. The total digestible nutrition is 59.8% higher than that of alfalfa, so it is a high-quality feed.
Second, the characteristics of safflower
Safflower has strong adaptability, loose requirements on soil conditions, drought resistance, cold resistance, barren resistance and salt tolerance, and is suitable for mechanized cultivation. Safflower is drought-resistant and waterlogged-resistant, with developed roots, and can absorb deep soil moisture. Safflower seeds can germinate above 4℃, and seedlings can still survive in snow at-10℃. When the seedlings grow to 6 ~ 12 cm, they can withstand the low temperature of -3.9℃. Carthamus tinctorius can resist strong winds of 7.4m/s and hail with a diameter of 2.5cm during flowering. Salt tolerance can be similar to that of barley and Castanopsis carlesii.
3. Key points of safflower cultivation techniques
1. Fine soil preparation and sufficient base fertilizer: safflower should be planted on sandy loam with high dry terrain and good permeability. Wheat, melon, beet, cotton and hemp are suitable for previous crops. After harvesting, the previous crops should be deeply ploughed and leveled, filled with winter water, raked and leveled to preserve moisture, and leveled and finely prepared as early as next spring to reach the standard of loosening soil and crushing. Combined with 667 square meters of soil preparation, 2000 kg of organic fertilizer, 0/5 kg of urea/kloc and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate were deeply applied to the soil.
2. timely early sowing and timely interplanting: select excellent varieties such as AC- 1, sow in time when the ground temperature of 5cm soil layer reaches about 10℃, sow in 667 square meters 1.5 kg, sow in depth of 3-4 cm, row spacing of 30-45 cm, and use 5 kg diammonium phosphate as seed fertilizer for 60 days. After emergence, intertillage in time to loosen the soil and weed, intertillage for 2 ~ 3 times at seedling stage to keep the field free of grass, and combine intertillage with ridging after bolting. When planting 5 ~ 6 real leaves, the seedling protection is 667 square meters, and the seedling protection is1.5 ~ 20,000 plants.
3. Scientific irrigation and topdressing: safflower is afraid of waterlogging. Generally, irrigation is carried out 3-4 times in the whole growth period, the first irrigation is in the branching stage, the second irrigation is in the flowering stage, and the third irrigation is in the filling stage. Irrigation should be carried out on cloudy days or at night, that is, drainage should be carried out immediately after irrigation to prevent water accumulation in the field. In the branching stage, combined with irrigation water, ammonium nitrate 10 ~ 15 kg was topdressing on 667 square meters, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves 2 ~ 3 times before flowering.
4, pest control: root rot often occurs in the early stage of safflower, and flooding should be prevented. Spraying 1500 times triadimefon after adult plants can prevent rust. It was found that spraying 1500 times of pirimicarb or fenvalerate could control aphids.
5. Timely harvesting: timely and continuous harvesting of safflower velvet after flowering. Generally, velvet antler can be harvested 3-4 times per mixed flower and once every 3-4 days. The picked pilose antler should be diluted and dried in a cool and ventilated place, and then moved to the sun to dry and put into storage. When the plant turns yellow, you can squeeze the seeds by hand, harvest them in time and dry them in the sun, and then clean them after threshing.