1, what is health?
A: Health not only means that the body is not sick or weak, but also includes the perfect state of physical and mental health and social happiness. It includes three aspects, namely: (1) good health, no disease, that is, good health; (2) psychological balance, always maintaining a good mental state, that is, mental health; (3) individuals and society are in harmony, that is, the social adaptability is strong.
2. Health 10 standard?
Answer: (1) I am full of energy, and I can take on my daily life and heavy work calmly without feeling too nervous and tired; ⑵ Optimistic, positive, willing to take responsibility, no matter big or small, not picky; (3) Be good at rest and sleep well; (4) Strong adaptability and adaptability to various changes in the external environment; 5] can resist the common cold and infectious diseases; [6] Appropriate weight, well-proportioned body, and coordinated position of head, shoulders and arms when standing; Once the eyes are bright and responsive, the eyelids are not easily inflamed; Being clean teeth, no dental caries, no pain, normal gum color, no bleeding phenomenon; Levies hair shiny, no dandruff; ⑽ Full muscles and elastic skin.
3. What is a lifestyle?
A: Lifestyle refers to all activities that people carry out for survival, development and enjoyment, including work, study, nutrition, exercise, rest and living environment. The four healthy lifestyles advocated by the World Health Organization are: no smoking, less drinking, physical exercise and a balanced diet.
4. What is lifestyle disease?
A: Lifestyle diseases refer to people's bad behaviors in daily life such as food, clothing, housing, entertainment, and physical or psychological diseases caused by social, spiritual and cultural factors.
5. What are the main manifestations of lifestyle diseases?
Answer: (1) The lung cancer rate of smokers is 10 times that of non-smokers, the coronary heart disease rate of smokers is 13 times that of non-smokers, and other cancers13-14 are related to smoking. ⑵ Long-term heavy drinking is prone to neurasthenia, gastritis, gastric ulcer, hepatitis, coronary heart disease, hypertension and arteriosclerosis. (3) Excessive salt intake increases the risk of hypertension. (4) Eating too much sugar will lead to the decline of autoimmune function, and the risk of cancer is 4-5 times higher than that of ordinary people. Eating moldy, rotten, smoked, pickled and other contaminated foods will not only cause food poisoning, but also induce cancer. [6] Poor living habits and poor food hygiene are easy to catch gastrointestinal infectious diseases and hepatitis.
6. What is mental health?
A: The so-called mental health refers to a state in which people's inner world is rich, harmonious and peaceful, in harmony with the surrounding environment.
7. What is the standard of mental health?
Answer: (1) Normal intelligence (including observation ability, memory ability, thinking ability, imagination ability and practical operation ability); ⑵ Emotional stability and optimism; (3) sound will and coordinated behavior; (4) concentration of attention (attention is the direction and concentration of psychological activities on an object); 5] a complete and unified personality; [6] positive, facing the reality, with good social adaptability; (7) Moderate reaction ability; Being psychological characteristics and actual age; ⑼ Self-knowledge (being able to correctly understand and objectively evaluate yourself); ⑽ Creativity and sense of accomplishment.
8. How do middle-aged people do mental health well?
A: (1) Stay optimistic and adapt to the social environment; ⑵ Adjust body and mind with a healthy lifestyle; (3) create good interpersonal relationships; (4) Family harmony.
9. What is the blood pressure value of normal adults?
Answer: The blood pressure of normal adults should be 90-140mmhg (12-18.7kpa) and 60-90 mmHg (8- 12 kPa) respectively.
10, what is the pulse of normal adults?
A: Normal adults count 60-70 times per minute (after running or when they are excited, they should count after a rest).
1 1. What are the essential nutrients for human body?
A: protein, lipids, sugars, inorganic salts, trace elements and vitamins.
What is green food?
A: Simply put, green food is pollution-free food. Three criteria must be met: (1) raw materials have a good ecological environment; (2) Water and fertilizer for crop growth must be pollution-free; ⑶ The product conforms to the food hygiene law.
13. What are the disinfection methods for tableware?
A: There are two disinfection methods: physical disinfection and drug disinfection. The most commonly used physical disinfection is boiling disinfection.
14. What diseases can be prevented by washing hands before and after meals?
A: Simply put, it can prevent intestinal infectious diseases and parasitic diseases, such as hepatitis, dysentery and typhoid fever.
15. Can the refrigerator keep food for a long time?
A: No, because the low temperature in the refrigerator can only inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria, but not kill them. The recommended storage time is less than 3 days. If the storage time is too long, the bacteria will slowly multiply and increase, which will lead to food spoilage.
16. What is the most deadly substance in tobacco smoke?
A: Nicotine, cigarette tar, carbon monoxide, etc.
17. What are the hazards of alcoholism?
Answer: ① Acute harm: it can cause acute alcoholism, car accident, crime, fighting, family discord, accidental death and so on. ② Chronic hazards: it can cause alcohol addiction syndrome, chronic gastritis, toxic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, cardiovascular diseases, tumors, neuropsychiatric diseases, etc.
18 How to brush your teeth correctly?
Answer: The correct brush method is vertical brush, and it is forbidden to brush horizontally like a saw. Vertical brushing method: brush the upper teeth from top to bottom, brush the lower teeth from bottom to top, and brush back and forth inside and outside the occlusal surface for 3-5 minutes each time. Horizontal brushing can cause some dental diseases, such as gingival atrophy, root exposure, tooth neck defect and so on. A toothbrush should be a healthy toothbrush with a small head, soft hair and a suitable handle.
19 how to prevent dental caries?
Answer: ① Insist on brushing your teeth in the morning and evening, rinse your mouth after meals and master the correct method of brushing your teeth; ② Use fluoride toothpaste; ③ Do not eat snacks before going to bed; 4 reasonable nutrition, not picky eaters; ⑤ Ask the doctor to repair the decayed teeth in time.
20. Why do you always have to dry the bedding?
A: The ultraviolet rays of the sun can completely kill many bacteria and microorganisms in bedding, such as typhoid, cholera and tuberculosis. At the same time, it can evaporate the moisture in the bedding, fill the air between the floc fibers and restore elasticity.
2 1, how to deal with gas poisoning first aid?
Answer: ① Open the doors and windows immediately, and quickly transfer the poisoned person to a place with fresh air, but keep warm; (2) Those with mild illness may be allowed to drink hot sugar tea; (3) Those who are seriously ill and have fallen into coma should be sent to hospital for emergency treatment.
22. How to prevent gas poisoning?
Answer: ① Pay attention to opening the window when heating with a stove in winter; (2) Before going to bed, carefully check whether the cooker is turned off, and whether the gas main switch, gas stove switch, water heater switch and heater switch are turned off; ③ Don't install a water heater in the bathroom.
23. What are the disadvantages of spitting?
A: Bacteria and viruses in sputum will fly with dust, spread diseases and pollute the environment.
24. What are the four pests? What diseases can be mainly transmitted?
A: Rodents mainly spread plague and epidemic hemorrhagic fever. Flies: mainly spread cholera, dysentery, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis and so on. Mosquitoes: mainly spread Japanese encephalitis and malaria. Cockroaches: They can carry parasite eggs, hepatitis viruses and typhoid bacilli, and spread diseases through contaminated food.
25. What diseases can children's planned immunization prevent?
A: DTP mixture can prevent pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. BCG can prevent tuberculosis. Sugar pills can prevent polio. Measles vaccine can prevent measles diagnosis. Hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis B.
26. How to deal with heatstroke first aid?
Answer: ① In case of threatened heatstroke and mild heatstroke, leave the high temperature environment immediately and rest in a ventilated and cool place; Drink brackish water and cool drinks, such as iced soda and mung bean soup. , or take Ren Dan and ten drops of water orally; ③ If there is early circulatory failure, please ask the doctor to inject glucose saline; (4) For severe heatstroke, physical cooling should be carried out quickly and sent to the hospital for emergency treatment immediately.
27. What is the source of rabies infection?
A: Rabies is an infectious disease of people and animals caused by rabies virus. Rabies is the main source of rabies infection. In addition, warm-blooded animals such as cats, pigs, cows, sheep and rats infected with rabies virus are also sources of infection. The saliva, blood and urine of these animals contain a lot of rabies virus. People bitten and scratched by these animals can cause diseases.
28. What is the effect of obesity on health?
A: Excess heat energy forms obesity, which is harmful to health. The number of obese children is increasing year by year. If effective measures are not taken, obese children can continue into adulthood. Obesity is the main risk factor for many chronic diseases, such as hypertension, heart disease and stroke. The adverse effects of obesity on health are: 1, endocrine disorders. Obese women have abnormal estrogen metabolism and often have irregular menstruation and infertility after marriage. Obese people are prone to diabetes. 2. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Obese people like to eat fat and fried food, and the fat entering the body increases, and the cholesterol formed is not easy to return to the blood on the arterial wall, which makes the artery harden and then causes vascular stenosis or occlusion. Therefore, obese people are prone to hypertension, myocardial infarction, cerebral hemorrhage and other diseases. 3, prone to arthritis. Obese people are prone to arthritis because of overweight and joint overload. 4. Physical fitness indicators are not up to standard. Obese people are overweight, which increases the burden on the heart, often feels oppressive, and they are flustered and short of breath when they are slightly active. After obesity, the movements are not flexible, and many indicators in physical education class are not up to standard.
29. What is cardiovascular disease?
A: Cardiovascular diseases include heart disease, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. The reasons are smoking, unreasonable dietary structure, lack of necessary physical exercise, frequent psychological stress, psychological stress, heredity and other factors, which make harmful components in the blood (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, etc. ) has increased dramatically.
30. What is cerebrovascular disease?
A: Cerebrovascular diseases are the general name of brain diseases caused by various vascular causes. It is the most common disease in clinical neurology, which can be classified into two categories: ① damage to cardiovascular system and other systems or organs, involving cerebrovascular and circulatory functions. Such as atherosclerosis, cardiogenic embolism and cerebrovascular stenosis caused or accompanied by inflammatory infection, hematological diseases and diabetes. ② Abnormal development, trauma and tumor of intracranial blood vessels. The first reason is more common in clinic.
3 1, what is a stroke?
A: Stroke is a general term for cerebrovascular diseases, and it is a variety of diseases caused by abnormal blood supply from cerebrovascular to brain tissue. Characteristics of stroke: There are usually symptoms such as hypertension, sudden severe headache, vomiting, confusion, mouth-eye deviation, hemiplegia, elevated body temperature, aphasia, etc., which mostly occur in middle-aged and elderly people.
32. How to prevent stroke?
Answer: ① First of all, we should prevent hypertension, and patients with hypertension should be treated regularly in time; 2 Do not smoke, drink too much, eat a low-salt diet, do not overeat, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and keep the stool unobstructed; ③ Have a regular life, get enough sleep, and often participate in cultural and sports activities within your power; 4 Pay attention to keep warm in winter to avoid cold stimulation, and the water temperature should be appropriate when taking a bath, and the time should not be too long; ⑤ Don't get angry when something happens, be open-minded and avoid emotional excitement; ⑥ Check cholesterol and blood lipids regularly once a year, and seek medical treatment nearby in time when there is a precursor of stroke to avoid the occurrence of stroke.
33. Who is prone to high blood pressure?
A: Obese people, people who like salty food, people who drink too much, people who are nervous or impatient for a long time, the elderly and people with a family history of hypertension.
34. How to prevent hypertension?
Answer: ① Regular life, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, avoid excessive mental stress, and ensure emotional stability and optimism; ② Insist on moderate physical exercise to ensure adequate sleep; ③ Do not smoke, drink or drink less; ④ Control diet to prevent obesity; ⑤ Diet should be low in salt, low in fat and light, and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits.
35. What is myocardial infarction?
A: Myocardial infarction is a type of coronary heart disease, and acute myocardial infarction is one of the most common diseases that endanger the health of middle-aged and elderly people. When the larger branch of coronary artery is completely blocked or almost completely blocked, the corresponding myocardium can not get blood supply, and necrosis occurs, leading to myocardial infarction.
36. How to prevent coronary heart disease?
A: ① Prevention and control of hypertension; ② Low-salt and low-fat diet; ③ Eat reasonably, control weight, and take part in physical labor and sports activities; ④ Do not smoke; ⑤ Go to the hospital regularly. If you have hyperlipidemia or diabetes, treat it as soon as possible.
37. What are the typical clinical manifestations of diabetes?
Answer: that is, "three more and one less", that is, eat more, drink more, urinate more and lose weight.
38. How to prevent gastric cancer
A: ① High-salt food can promote the occurrence of gastric cancer, so you should eat less smoked and pickled food such as pickles, bacon, bacon and fried food. ② Eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and milk, because it contains less nitrite carcinogens and more vitamins and protein, which can prevent cancer and protect gastric mucosa. ③ Change dietary behavior, avoid eating hot food, eating fast, eating irregularly and other bad habits, and prevent gastric mucosal damage, which becomes the inducement of gastric cancer.
39. How to prevent and treat breast cancer?
A: Breast cancer is the main malignant tumor that harms women's health. Too much high-fat diet can promote the occurrence of breast cancer and should be avoided. Premature menarche, late menopause, obesity, infertility, long-term use of contraceptives and family history of breast cancer are all prone to breast cancer, so we should pay close attention to monitoring; Emphasize self-examination. Once abnormal phenomena such as painless lump and nipple discharge are found, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible.
40. Why do people around the age of 40 easily get lumbar disc herniation?
A: Under normal circumstances, the intervertebral disc is often compressed by weight, and the waist is often flexed and stretched, which is more likely to cause the extrusion and wear of the intervertebral disc, thus leading to the degeneration of the lumbar intervertebral disc. After the age of 20, if the lumbar force is improper or excessive or the posture is incorrect for a long time, by the age of 40, the degree of lumbar degeneration may be greater, and it is easy to suffer from lumbar disc herniation.
4 1. How does hepatitis A spread and how to prevent it?
A: Hepatitis A is an intestinal infectious disease caused by hepatitis A virus. It is mainly transmitted through the "fecal-oral" route, including daily contact, water-based and food-based transmission. Patients with hepatitis A and those with mild infection with virus A are the sources of infection.
42. How is hepatitis B spread?
A: Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis B virus, which is mainly transmitted through mother-to-child transmission, blood transmission and daily contact (meals, toothbrushes). Hepatitis B patients and hepatitis B virus carriers are the sources of infection of this disease.
53. How is tuberculosis spread?
A: Tuberculosis is spread by droplets. Patients can be infected by coughing or sneezing, or even spraying droplets containing tuberculosis when talking, spreading in the air and being inhaled by others. Then lesions are formed in lungs, lymph nodes, kidneys, bones and other organs.
54. How to prevent SARS?
A: The following preventive measures can be taken: ① Cultivate good personal healthy living habits. Wash your hands after sneezing, coughing and cleaning your nose. After washing your hands, dry them with a clean towel or paper towel. Don't use towels. Pay attention to a balanced diet, change clothes according to climate change, exercise regularly and have enough rest. Reduce stress and avoid smoking to enhance the body's resistance. ② Ensure indoor air circulation. ③ Seek medical attention in time if symptoms appear.
55. What is a sexually transmitted disease? What are the common sexually transmitted diseases? What are the transmission routes of sexually transmitted diseases?
A: Sexually transmitted diseases are mainly transmitted through sexual contact. Common gonorrhea, syphilis, AIDS. Its source of infection is sexually transmitted diseases. Transmission route: ① Sexual contact transmission; ② Vertical transmission from mother to child; (3) direct or indirect contact and transmission; (4) blood transfusion and the use of blood products to spread.
57. What is AIDS?
A: AIDS is an acute and fatal infectious disease prevalent all over the world. Its full name is "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome" or "AIDS" for short. HIV (abbreviated as HIV) is a virus that can survive in human blood, semen and vaginal secretions. It can destroy the function of the immune system, make the human body lose the ability to resist various pathogenic factors and tumor invasion, and finally destroy the normal function of various systems of the human body, leading to death.
58. What are the common symptoms of AIDS?
A: Long-term low-grade fever, short-term weight loss of more than one tenth, emaciation, fatigue, cough, diarrhea, swollen lymph nodes, dizziness, headache, mental retardation, slow response and so on. , can also have oral mold infection, skin herpes, and may also be complicated by tumors.
59. How is AIDS spread?
A: Sexual transmission: Having sex with HIV-infected people (including people of the same sex) will lead to AIDS infection. Blood transmission: * * Injecting blood and blood products contaminated by HIV, transplanting organs of HIV carriers with syringes contaminated by HIV, injecting with unsterilized syringes, acupuncture, ear piercing, etc. may all be infected with HIV. Mother-to-child transmission: the mother is infected with HIV, which can be transmitted to the baby during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.
60. Will AIDS spread in daily life?
A: Generally speaking, contact with AIDS patients and HIV-infected people will not cause AIDS. Such as: * * studying, working, playing, eating together, swimming or washing hands in the same pool, shaking hands, hugging, using public telephones and toilets, generally not infected by coughing, sneezing and mosquito bites.