First, hypertension.
Hypertension is the "number one killer" that threatens the health of the elderly. Treating hypertension is not only to lower blood pressure, but also to prevent serious complications such as heart, brain and kidney. Therefore, elderly patients with hypertension should take a cautious attitude in antihypertensive treatment, and pay attention to the following points in the treatment process: First, check whether there are risk factors such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia, and treat them reasonably. Second, the dosage should be small. Because the elderly are sensitive to the effects of drugs, the metabolism of drugs in the body is relatively slow. Third, try to avoid using antihypertensive drugs that inhibit the central nervous system. Fourth, the elderly are prone to orthostatic hypotension, so drugs that can cause orthostatic hypotension, such as guanethidine and methyldopa, should be avoided.
Patients with hypertension should adhere to the "three-three" health prescription, namely "three and a half minutes", "three and a half hours" and "three glasses of water". "Three and a half minutes" means: get up at night, wake up and open your eyes, continue to lie flat for half a minute, sit on the bed for half a minute, then hang your legs on the edge of the bed for half a minute, and finally move down to the ground to adapt to the change of posture. "Three and a half hours" means: walk for half an hour in the morning, sleep for half an hour in the afternoon and walk for half an hour at night. "Three glasses of water" means drinking a cup of warm water before going to bed at night, waking up in the middle of the night and getting up in the morning. Because the blood flow is slow at night, it is easy to form blood clots. Drinking a glass of water before going to bed can dilute blood.
Second, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic progressive respiratory disease, which is the general name of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are dyspnea, chronic cough, asthma and expectoration. If we do not pay attention to prevention and treatment, the disease will continue to deteriorate, and the patient's respiratory function will gradually decline, eventually leading to respiratory failure and death. Therefore, patients should see a doctor as soon as possible, and early diagnosis and treatment are very important to control and slow down COPD. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a recurrent chronic disease, and patients must adhere to medication for a long time under the guidance of doctors. We should not only take medicine actively in the acute stage, but also adhere to comprehensive treatment such as diet, exercise, massage and acupuncture in the remission stage.
In terms of prevention, the elderly should give up the habit of smoking, pay attention to environmental hygiene and eliminate the influence of smoke, dust and irritating gases on the respiratory tract. It is also necessary to strengthen physical exercise, improve the body's ability to resist cold and disease, and pay attention to keep warm in cold seasons or sudden changes in temperature to avoid catching a cold. In addition, it is necessary to prevent and treat various respiratory diseases.
Third, diabetes.
Diabetes is an endocrine system disease, and it is a common disease that affects the health of the elderly. In developed countries, it shows a downward trend, while in some countries from poor to rich, the incidence of diabetes shows a sudden upward trend. Older people who already have diabetes should achieve ideal control by taking medicine and adjusting their lives. Proper exercise is very important for the rehabilitation of diabetic patients, which can lower blood sugar, improve physical fitness and enhance resistance.
Correct medication is also very important to help patients reach the blood sugar standard. Under the guidance of doctors, patients should choose the right medicine, use it well, adjust the dosage, and pay attention to prevent the side effects of the medicine. Diabetes experts believe that patients who must be treated with insulin should be evaluated regularly to ensure that their blood sugar reaches the standard for a long time.
Fourth, stroke.
Stroke is one of the serious diseases that seriously threaten the lives of the elderly. In the absence of specific therapy, it is particularly important to nip in the bud. Therefore, elderly patients suffering from diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, etc., in addition to systematic treatment according to the doctor's advice, must also pay attention to the way of health preservation and guard against the occurrence of stroke.
Stroke requires abstinence first. Although drinking a small amount of low-alcohol liquor (50g per day) is beneficial to the blood circulation of the heart and brain, it is harmful to the health of patients with hypertension for a long time. Alcohol can accelerate the process of atherosclerosis and weaken the elasticity of cerebral vessels. Secondly, we should prevent constipation. Third, we should maintain emotional stability and avoid exultation and great sorrow. Excessive excitement can cause vasoconstriction, rapid heartbeat and sudden increase of blood pressure, which is prone to cerebral hemorrhage and death.
Once there is a stroke patient in the family, the family should keep calm, let the patient lie flat on the bed and contact the hospital or emergency center as soon as possible. Minimize the number of mobile patients before sending them to the hospital. For critically ill patients with deep coma and irregular breathing, please ask a doctor to treat them at home first, and then send them to the hospital after their condition is stable.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) dementia
Alzheimer's disease includes memory disorder, visuospatial skill disorder, language disorder, dyscalculia and so on. At present, there is no ideal treatment. Alzheimer's disease was once considered as an irresistible aging phenomenon, but in fact, old age is not necessarily dementia.
In addition to diseases, dementia is most common in people who are not pursuing, lazy and negative. Because the brain is used less, the number of brain cells decreases, and the brain function declines faster, while people who have been diligent and engaged in mental work for a long time are still hale and hearty and responsive in their old age. Therefore, when we get old, we should be more active, have more contact with people, actively learn new things, and constantly stimulate brain cells, which will help prevent the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease.
Six, coronary heart disease
Because coronary heart disease is a frequently-occurring disease of the elderly, the elderly should know the symptoms of coronary heart disease. If you have exercise-related headache, toothache, leg pain, chest tightness, palpitation, shortness of breath during manual labor, or recurrent irregular pulse and unexplained tachycardia or bradycardia, you should seek medical advice in time and treat it under the guidance of a specialist to avoid delaying your illness.
During the treatment, the elderly should also carry out appropriate activities. Exercise should start from a small weight level and gradually increase the amount of activity. Try to avoid running and jumping. For elderly patients, due to poor sweating reaction and slow heat dissipation, exercise should be suspended in the case of high temperature or humidity.
Seven, deafness and tinnitus
Hearing loss in the elderly mostly occurs gradually, but sometimes it may happen suddenly. Sometimes one or both ears can't hear the sound overnight, which is called sudden deafness. Because sudden deafness can damage auditory nerve cells, and nerve cells are the most difficult to recover, once sudden deafness occurs, it must be treated against time to reduce the damage of nerve cells.
To prevent deafness and tinnitus, we must first avoid noise stimulation. Secondly, we should actively prevent and treat hypertension, hyperlipidemia and endocrine diseases, and check them regularly if possible. The third is to use ototoxic drugs with caution, and try not to use drugs that are easy to cause inner ear poisoning. Fourth, eat less high-fat foods and animal offal, and eat more foods rich in trace elements and vitamins C and E. Fifth, quit smoking, drinking and other bad habits, keep exercising, and do some body-building exercises for ears, eyes and other organs every day. In addition, in daily life, if hearing loss is found, we should pay attention to it and take medicine under the guidance of a doctor to prevent deafness and tinnitus.
Eight, cataract
To prevent cataracts, we must first avoid excessive visual fatigue, pay attention to the correct use of eyes, and try not to read and work in a dark environment for a long time. Second, avoid long-term excessive exposure to radiation. Long-term exposure to long-wavelength ultraviolet rays can induce or accelerate the formation and development of cataracts. Third, adhere to regular eye massage, which can speed up eye blood circulation, improve eyeball immunity and delay lens opacity. Fourth, pay attention to diet. The occurrence of cataract is related to the lack of vitamin C, amino acids and some trace elements in the lens. Eat more vegetables, fruits, fish, meat (animal liver) and eggs rich in these substances, eat less spicy, greasy and indigestible foods, and quit smoking and drinking.
Nine, arthropathy
With the increase of age, human cartilage will degenerate (also known as aging), so the elderly often suffer from osteoarthropathy. Through proper exercise and paying attention to a reasonable diet, this aging process can be delayed and reduced. Especially for the elderly with heavy weight, it is necessary to maintain a certain amount of activity in order to reduce the joint load by losing weight.
When osteoarthrosis is acute, patients should pay attention to rest and reduce the burden. After an acute attack, once the pain is relieved, you should actively practice maintaining the range of motion, and practice each joint to the limit of its range of motion as much as possible, at least once a day to prevent deformity. But you can't climb stairs and squat deliberately, so as not to aggravate joint injury.
A reasonable diet is also helpful to prevent osteoarthropathy. The elderly should eat more high-calcium foods to ensure the normal needs of bone metabolism. The calcium intake of the elderly should be increased by about 50% compared with the average adult, that is, not less than 1200mg per day. Patients with osteoarthropathy with obvious symptoms can be treated by physical therapy, massage, medicated bath or acupuncture. When the patient's symptoms are severe, non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used under the guidance of a doctor, and individual intractable joint pain can be treated with local blocking.
Itching
Senile skin pruritus is a common skin disease of the elderly, which is induced by many factors, such as mood fluctuation, temperature change, using too alkaline soap, drinking, eating spicy food, taking a bath, rubbing clothes and quilts, etc., and sometimes even related tips can induce pruritus.
The most important thing to prevent senile pruritus is to avoid all factors that induce or aggravate pruritus. Don't burn with too hot water, don't apply irritating drugs indiscriminately, avoid spicy food intake, and avoid using alkaline soap. Diet should be light, and habitual constipation should be corrected in time.
Once the elderly have skin itching, especially severe itching that can't be cured for a long time, they should go to the hospital in time to find out the reasons and carry out corresponding treatment. Old people with itchy skin should not directly use various ointments on the market, because such ointments contain corticosteroids, which are easy to form hormone-dependent dermatitis after use.