What is the uterus like?

The uterus is a hollow organ, located in the center of the pelvic cavity, with an inverted pear shape, such as the size of an egg. The upper part of the uterus is wider, which is called the uterine body. The upper part of the uterus is called the uterine bottom, and both sides of the uterine bottom are uterine horns, which communicate with the fallopian tubes. The lower part of the uterus is narrow and cylindrical, which is called cervix. The uterine cavity is covered by mucous membrane, which is called endometrium. After puberty, the endometrium changes periodically under the influence of ovarian hormones, resulting in menstruation. The uterus is the passage for sperm to reach the fallopian tube. It is the place where embryos grow and develop. Uterine dysplasia or malformation will affect fertility. The uterus can be divided into basal body, isthmus and cervix from top to bottom:

Uterus fundus: the part above the horizontal line of fallopian tube.

Uterus: The thinner part in the middle of the uterus.

Isthmus: the part connecting the uterine body with the cervix. Length is only 1 cm.

Cervix: A narrow opening at the base of the uterus. Connect the vagina.

Seen from the back, the uterus is fixed by eight ligaments:

Two main uterine ligaments: one in the front and the other in the back. The main ligament contains smooth muscle, blood vessels and nerves. It is the main ligament to maintain the normal position of the uterus and prevent it from falling into the vagina.

Two broad uterine ligaments: located on both sides of the uterus. Connect the uterus and pelvis. Broad ligament covers the outer membrane of uterus and the ligament connecting uterus and ovary.

Two round ligaments of the uterus: keep the uterus slightly inclined and bend forward.

Two uterine fundus ligaments: located on both sides of the rectum. Connect the uterus to the bone.

The uterus can be divided into three layers from the outside to the inside: endometrium, myometrium and endometrium.

There is an outer membrane around the uterus, called the outer membrane of the uterus, which is a part of the peritoneum and does not cover the whole uterus.

The uterus is mainly composed of muscles, called myometrium. These muscles are smooth muscles. The innermost layer of the myometrium is the junction area, which is also the thickened part of adenomyosis.