Preventive measures of infectious diseases can be divided into: ① preventive measures when the epidemic situation does not appear; ② Epidemic prevention measures after the outbreak; ③ Treatment and preventive measures.
preventive measure
The most effective way to control infectious diseases lies in prevention and control, because the lack of any of the three basic conditions of infectious diseases: the source of infection, the route of transmission and the susceptible population can not cause the epidemic of infectious diseases, so the prevention of infectious diseases mainly focuses on these three aspects:
1. Control the source of infection: This is the most effective way to prevent infectious diseases. For human-borne infectious diseases, patients or pathogen carriers should be properly placed in designated isolation locations in time, temporarily isolate people, actively carry out treatment and nursing, and carry out necessary disinfection treatment on infectious secretions, excreta and utensils to prevent the spread of pathogens. However, if the source of infection is unknown, especially animals, it is not easy to get exact results because of the need for epidemiological causal inference and sufficient evidence of laboratory test results, especially in the case of sudden acute infectious diseases, it is even more difficult to locate the source of infection in a short time. However, once the source of infection is determined, effective measures should be taken to control the source of infection in time to ensure that the source of infection will not continue to spread pathogens to susceptible people.
2. Cut off the route of transmission: For infectious diseases, insect-borne diseases and parasitic diseases transmitted through digestive tract, blood and body fluids, cutting off the route of transmission is the most direct prevention method. The main way is to block, disinfect or cull the media. For example, food or drinking water contaminated by pathogens should be discarded or disinfected, rooms or utensils contaminated by pathogens should be fully disinfected, disposable medical supplies should be disinfected or burned in time after use, and measures should be taken to prevent mosquitoes and insects in the season when insect-borne infectious diseases spread. At the same time, it is also extremely necessary to intervene in health education for high-risk groups, such as advocating intravenous drug users to disinfect needles and educating people who will have high-risk sex on condom use. At present, the methods to prevent influenza A (H7N9) virus are still paying attention to basic hygiene, washing hands frequently, wearing masks and eating cooked meat-although it is the same old tune, it is still the most effective way to cut off the transmission route.
3. Protecting susceptible people: Protecting susceptible people is also an important part of infectious disease prevention, and it is often a relatively easy prevention method. For infectious diseases with preventive vaccines, vaccination is the safest way for susceptible people, such as planned immunization for infants after birth, vaccination for infectious diseases doctors, nurses, researchers engaged in infectious diseases research and poultry farmers. In history, people successfully conquered smallpox with highly effective vaccines, which proved the important role of protecting susceptible people in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.