Knowledge point information of adolescent mental health development

Although psychologists and educators at home and abroad divide the age stages of teenagers differently, everyone agrees that adolescence is a transitional period from childhood to adulthood. The following are the knowledge points of adolescent mental health development that I collected for you, hoping to help you.

The age of the whole youth (including adolescence) is generally defined as 1 1, 12 to 25-28 years old. Puberty, that is, junior high school, the age range is 1 1, 12 to 14,15; Pre-adolescence is high school, from 14, 15 to 17, 18. The age range of late youth is 17 and 18 to 22 and 23 years old, which generally belongs to the university stage. However, some scholars have extended late youth to 28 years old, which does not affect the generalization of late youth characteristics.

Adolescence is a transitional period from immaturity to maturity. Individuals in this period, while the level of physical maturity has improved significantly, the characteristics of their psychological development, especially in intellectual development, emotional and will expression, personality and speech expression, have their own unique development characteristics. To sum up, there are the following points:

First, the development of cognitive ability

Because of the qualitative changes in learning content, learning methods and teaching activities in adolescence, the scope of activities has expanded, and the individual's cognitive ability and speech have made new development. Mainly manifested in:

1, a highly developed generalized observation.

Generalization is an important symbol of the maturity of observation. Because of poor abstract thinking ability, children's observation ability is keen, but they lack generality and observation is not thorough and comprehensive enough. Teenagers can use their increasingly developed abstract thinking ability to organize, adjust and guide observation activities and improve the generality of observation.

2. Get a mature memory

Compared with childhood, teenagers' memory has reached an unprecedented mature stage. Meaning memory replaces mechanical memory and becomes the main means of memory; The purpose of memorization is enhanced, and conscious memorization is more dominant than unconscious memorization; Entered the best period of memory.

3. Form theoretical abstract thinking ability.

From the perspective of thinking types, young students' abstract logical thinking is mainly based on experience, which still needs the support of concrete images to a certain extent, and their theoretical thinking is not well developed. After 17 and 18 years old, his abstract logical thinking turned sharply from the empirical level to the theoretical level, and the theoretical abstract logical thinking became a mature thinking form, which led to the development of dialectical thinking. Teenagers may form extremely active creative thinking.

Second, the maturity of personality.

From teenagers to young people, personality is gradually formed. Adolescence is an important period of personality formation, with great plasticity and low stability.

In adolescence, although the personality of teenagers may develop and change under the influence of internal and external factors, it has always been relatively stable. The main signs are:

1, self-awareness tends to mature

With the accumulation of knowledge, the development of intelligence and the approaching of the objective requirement of independently arranging life path, the self-awareness of teenagers is becoming more and more mature. They are committed to understanding their physical and mental development and their social values; Evaluate yourself and others independently, gradually overcome the one-sidedness of evaluation and strive for comprehensive analysis; Initially form a stable personality; You can better educate yourself.

2. The world outlook has taken shape.

The world outlook sprouted in adolescence, initially formed in the early youth (unstable at this time), and further matured in the middle and late youth. Youth's comprehensive and profound understanding of the world, ideological and political education and social and political activities in schools, and the tempering of youth's life path in the middle and late stages are the basis for the formation of youth's world outlook. The formation of teenagers' world outlook is manifested in their relatively stable and systematic views on nature, society, life and love.

3. Interest and personality tend to be stable, and ability is improved.

Interest is an important aspect of personality tendency. Teenagers' interests are wide and diverse, gradually stable, lasting and increasingly profound. Personality and ability are the psychological characteristics that can best express personality differences. Personality is basically shaped in the early youth, and then changes little. There are various types of abilities, and the development speed of different types of abilities is not the same, but the general abilities such as observation, memory, thinking ability and attention will not mature until adolescence and reach the peak in the late youth.

4, moral consciousness and moral behavior level.

Teenagers begin to enter the stage of conscious moral level, form beliefs and know the principles of their own actions. On the one hand, the role of moral consciousness in moral behavior is increasingly strengthened, and the moral norms mastered are wide in scope and high in quality. On the other hand, intuitive emotion in moral emotion gradually decreases, and ethical emotional experience begins to dominate. In addition, moral ideals are more realistic, and the phenomenon of separation of knowledge and practice is also decreasing.

Third, emotions and emotional characteristics

Teenagers' emotions and feelings have become mature and stable, but compared with adults, they are unstable. Its main features are:

1, enthusiastic, easily excited

Teenagers are enthusiastic, sad and excitable, and act quickly, which is characterized by boldness and decisiveness. However, due to the rapid changes in physiology and self-awareness, sometimes young people's emotions and emotions are easily too excited.

2. Emotional content becomes richer and deeper.

The causes and characteristics of teenagers' basic emotions such as anger, fear, joy, sadness and love are different from those in childhood, which shows that their emotions have developed from immature to mature. Due to the increasing intellectual and social needs, teenagers gradually form many social emotions with clear moral consciousness, such as collective honor, social responsibility, obligation, justice and national pride, and their profundity and durability are obviously improved.

3. Self-regulation and self-control of emotions are improved, and emotions are gradually stable.

On the one hand, teenagers' emotions last longer, their emotions are no longer as easy to change as children, and they are less affected by external situations. On the other hand, young people's emotional types are changing from extroversion to introversion. They can dominate and control their emotions to a certain extent according to the needs of conditions, showing the inconsistency between external expression and internal experience.

Fourth, the characteristics of will.

The rapid development of the YMCA is characterized by:

1, enhance the consciousness and initiative to complete the will process.

When teenagers encounter difficulties, they are often willing to think alone and find ways to overcome them, instead of asking for help easily like children, showing good initiative; At the same time, teenagers can't rely on external supervision and management, and their consciousness is increasing day by day.

2. the decisiveness of action is enhanced.

Due to the development and gradual maturity of cognitive ability, young people can quickly distinguish right from wrong when facing contradictory problems, and make decisions and implement them according to certain viewpoints, principles and experiences. Compared with teenagers, youth's recklessness and indecision are relatively reduced, and the process of motivation struggle is gradually implicit and rapid.

3. Self-control has been enhanced

Teenagers' ability to control and dominate their behavior is gradually increasing. At this time, they strive to make their behavior obey the original purpose and plan, and can better adjust their passion. Action is more rational, of course, sometimes it shows impulse.

4, full of persistence.

Due to the development of nervous system function, especially internal inhibition function, and the improvement of motivation and purpose level, teenagers show persistence in the face of difficulties, but in this respect, teenagers are much stronger than teenagers. They have the courage to seek success, refuse to give up easily, and will not lose heart even if they are frustrated.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) and its speech and behavior characteristics

Speech and behavior characteristics are important signs of adolescent psychological development. It is like a refractive lens, reflecting the inner activities of teenagers.

1, mature oral expression ability

Its main manifestations are: young people's vocabulary is rich and the content is getting deeper and deeper; The monologue in oral expression tends to be perfect; Written and oral expression is basically mature; The internal speech has been completely simplified.

2. Adult behavior motivation and performance, and children's behavior control.

They demanded to get rid of adult intervention completely and act independently; Ask the society to recognize the social value of their behavior; Ask for sexual intercourse, love, etc. They demand to participate in social life like adults, but they are often not good at controlling their behavior. Especially when emotions are touched, it is easy to be impulsive. In this respect, teenagers are particularly prominent.

Adolescent mental health knowledge

learning problem

Psychological problems arising from learning are the main part of middle school students' psychological problems. Their problems are:

1. Students are under increasing psychological pressure to study, resulting in listlessness, resulting in loss of appetite, insomnia, neurasthenia, decreased memory effect and dull thinking.

2. Learning weariness is a prominent problem in current learning activities. Not only students with poor academic performance are unwilling to study, but some students with good academic performance are also tired of learning.

3. Test anxiety, especially when encountering more important exams, is more serious.

Relationship problems

Interpersonal relationship is also a problem that middle school students reflect more. The question is as follows.

1. Relationship with teachers. The main problems are rebellious psychology caused by teachers' incomprehension and distrust of students, psychological pressure and aggressive behavior caused by teachers' cognitive deviation.

2. The relationship between classmates. In addition to teachers' understanding and support, middle school students also hope to have an accepted sense of belonging in the class and classmates, and seek the understanding and trust of classmates and friends.

3. Relationship with parents. A democratic and harmonious family gives middle school students a warm harbor of their own. In authoritarian families, parents and children can't communicate normally, which leads to children's withdrawn and bossy personality. All kinds of family scars will cause psychological harm to middle school students to varying degrees.

1. adolescent atresia psychology. Its main performance is that the external performance tends to be closed and blocked, and the increasingly rich and complex internal activities coexist in the same individual. It can be said that closed psychology is a universal and special symbol of adolescent psychology.

2. Emotion is exciting, explicit and implicit. The physiological upheaval in adolescence will inevitably cause emotional agitation among middle school students. This turbulent emotion is sometimes explicit and sometimes implicit.

3. puppy love. Middle school students are generally underage, and we call this underage love of middle school students puppy love. Middle schools, especially high school students, are in adolescence, and one of the most prominent contradictions in this period is the contradiction between rapid sexual development and relatively naive sexual psychology.

(D) Setbacks to adapt to problems

The frustration of middle school students is manifold, including study, interpersonal relationship, interest desire, self-esteem and so on. There are objective factors, social environment factors and personal subjective factors.

Mental health means that all kinds of psychological activities are normal, the relationship is coordinated, the content is consistent with reality, and the personality is in a relatively stable state. To put it bluntly, the signs of mental health are: physical, intellectual and emotional harmony, good interpersonal relationship, adaptation to the environment, happy mood, giving full play to their abilities in study and work, and efficient life.

The standard of mental health level includes the following ten items: psychological activity intensity, psychological activity tolerance, periodic rhythm, consciousness level, suggestion, rehabilitation ability, psychological self-control, self-confidence, social interaction and environmental adaptability.

Adolescent mental health standards

Love life-people with mental health love life, can deeply feel the beauty of life and the fun in life, and actively look forward to a bright future.

Emotional stability-Teenagers with mental health have more advantages in positive emotional experience such as optimism and satisfaction. Although there will be negative emotions such as sadness, confusion, failure and frustration, it will not last long.

Normal intelligence development-normal intelligence refers to the level of individual intelligence development commensurate with actual age and is one of the important signs of mental health.

Know yourself correctly-teenagers' self-esteem, self-love and self-respect. They can objectively evaluate others, and more importantly, they can correctly know themselves, evaluate themselves and grasp themselves.

Good interpersonal relationships-Adolescents with mental health have positive and good interpersonal relationships. Respect others, understand others, be good at learning their strengths to make up for their own shortcomings, and get along with others in a friendly and tolerant manner.

Stable and harmonious personality-People with mental health have a relatively stable and harmonious personality system. The basic characteristics of a sound personality are: relatively stable emotional state, tenacious perseverance, flexible adaptability, strong sense of responsibility and good self-control.

Psychological activities should adapt to the age characteristics of psychological development-a certain age should have corresponding characteristics of psychological activities, such as children and adolescents should be full of vigor and vitality, while the elderly should be stable and sophisticated.

Middle school students should learn some knowledge about mental health.

1. Psychology is a science that studies the objective laws of the occurrence and development of human psychological phenomena. Psychological knowledge is of great benefit to learning, which can promote students to know themselves and improve their self-education ability. After learning psychological knowledge, if middle school students can learn according to psychological laws, their academic performance will be greatly improved. For example, learning the laws of memory can solve the problems of inattention and desertion in class; By learning the law of thinking, we can solve the problems of memorizing, memorizing and memorizing; Learning the law of intentional attention can make you open-minded, sharp-minded, and more creative. You can also adjust your mood before the exam, eliminate your nervousness, and easily go to the examination room.

2. Psychological knowledge can also answer a difficult problem in middle school students' thinking and life, so as to know themselves more deeply and realize self-knowledge, self-development and self-improvement. For example, learning knowledge about personality can help you understand your personality, thus correcting the bad side of your personality and exercising and perfecting your personality; By learning the knowledge of emotions, you can learn how to adjust and sublimate your emotions. By studying the psychological problems of adolescence, we can understand the psychological changes of adolescents, so as to take the initiative to master their own psychology and spend adolescence safely and smoothly.

3. Learning psychological knowledge can not only improve yourself, but also help to correctly handle interpersonal relationships. Because when you understand your own psychology, you also learn to understand the psychology of your classmates, so that you can take corresponding attitudes towards students with different temperament and personality, thus preventing unnecessary contradictions and strengthening friendship with your classmates. Psychology is widely used and permeates all walks of life. No matter what kind of work students will be engaged in in in the future, it is beneficial to learn some basic knowledge of psychology now. The future construction of the motherland needs a generation of young people with higher psychological quality. For the present and future of students, middle school students should learn a little psychology.

Maintain mental health and learn to be the master of emotions.

If you ask a middle school student, "Are you healthy?" He might say, "Of course I'm healthy. You see, I am as strong as a calf and have never been sick. " However, health should not only refer to physical health, but also include mental health. Strictly speaking, only physical health is not health, because health is not only physical health, but also mental health. The United Nations World Health Organization put forward a resounding slogan: "Half of health is mental health!" And explain: health not only means that a person has no disease, but also means that a person has good physical, mental and social adaptability. In other words, health is evaluated from three aspects: physical, mental and social adaptation. Now many middle school students have some psychological problems. Such as timidity, melancholy, withdrawn, dependence, nervousness, bad interpersonal relationship, etc. So, what is mental health? What is the standard of mental health? The index of physical health is clear and easy to judge, while the judgment of mental health is more difficult because mental health has obvious relativity and fuzziness.

Mental health is relative, and absolute health does not exist. People are at a certain point in the middle of the continuous line between healthy and extremely unhealthy ends, and people's mental health state is dynamic, not static. People's mental health can change from relative health to health, and also from relative health to less health. Therefore, whether mental health is a reflection of a specific state in a specific period should not be considered as fixed and eternal. In addition, a person's occasional unhealthy behavior and psychology does not mean that he is psychologically unhealthy. Mental health should point out the long-term continuous state, rather than just looking at temporary accidental phenomena, so as to draw the conclusion that mental health is unhealthy. Psychological standard is a developing cultural concept, which will change with the development and change of society and also with different social and cultural backgrounds.

The standard of mental health should include the following aspects:

(1) Correct attitude towards life.

A correct attitude towards life comes from a correct understanding and a correct world outlook. People who have a correct attitude towards life have a clear understanding and judgment of the things around them, that is, they have lofty ideals and the spirit of seeking truth from facts, so they can keep up with the pace of the times in the period of social change, with a clear mind, a broad vision and a firm stand, which is neither conservative nor rash ... In short, the correct attitude towards life enables them to analyze and deal with problems objectively and steadily, keep pace with the times and have a mentality.

2 Satisfied mentality Satisfied mentality is an important part of healthy psychology.

Mentally healthy people are satisfied with themselves, others, work, study and life, and have no psychological obstacles. Satisfaction comes from correct understanding, because they can discuss people and things in two ways, so they can accept themselves and others. He is self-aware and has a correct analysis of his appearance, virtue and knowledge. When they are surrounded by other people's comments, they will not be carried away by praise and praise, nor will they be troubled by criticism and accusation, because they know themselves like the back of their hand and can learn useful things from other people's comments. They are neither conceited nor inferior. Have a clear understanding of yourself and won't be overwhelmed by other people's comments. They are always in an independent state. They also have an objective and comprehensive evaluation of others, and will not be hot and cold, nor will they be harsh on others. They also have correct standards for work, life and study. They are neither ambitious nor eager for quick success, so their mood is always satisfied and happy.

3 Harmonious interpersonal relationships People who are willing to communicate can often gain respect, trust and friendship in their communication. This is because they treat others with the same attitude, thus reducing many unnecessary contradictions. People who are kind to others can understand each other, have harmonious feelings and coordinate with each other. Harmonious interpersonal relationships will certainly make you feel more comfortable and mentally healthy.

4 Good personality, unified personality A good personality is an important symbol of mental health. In any case, we should maintain a unified personality, be confident but not arrogant, be enthusiastic but not frivolous, be tough but not stubborn, be polite but not hypocritical, be flexible but not oily, be brave but not reckless, have the spirit of sticking to the end, be not stubborn, always maintain a strong will, an honest and upright style, and be modest and cheerful.

Moderate emotions, full reason, the difference between people and animals lies in reason. A healthy mind must have self-control ability and moderate emotions, but there are sadness, joy, worry and anger. We should overcome negative emotions with positive emotions, and don't maintain negative emotions and excessive emotions for a long time. We must always maintain a passionate, optimistic and uplifting mood, and do not reduce the feelings of lewdness, tears and pessimism, and we are not willful.

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