Feeding management method for free-range chickens
I. Site requirements
Generally speaking, the scattered area should not be less than 1 m2/ plant, the shading area (trees and vines) in the site should not be less than 1/3 of the total area, and the rain shelter area (simple house) should not be less than 0.05 m2/ plant. Adequate sinks and sinks are provided.
Second, the site disinfection
Sprinkle quicklime or fresh plant ash for disinfection before entering the chicken. Disinfection should be thorough, leaving no dead ends. During the feeding process, 1 small cleaning is carried out every 2-3 days, and 1 large cleaning is carried out every 1 day, and the chickens with drugs are disinfected1time. The sink and sink should be cleaned and disinfected regularly.
Third, the choice of chickens.
Choose a native chicken with strong disease resistance, wide adaptability, easy feeding, good production performance, which is liked by local people and sold well in the market. It is best to choose a black-footed variety, because such a variety can ensure a stable market.
Fourth, do a good job in brooding.
Farmers must do a good job of disinfection before feeding chickens and heat preservation after feeding them. According to the actual situation, electric heating and burning charcoal, coke, sawn wood, biogas, etc. are adopted to ensure that the temperature of chickens is suitable after they come in. The required temperature of chicks is about 35℃ in the first week, and then it is reduced by 2℃ every week until it approaches the natural temperature in the sixth week. The requirements for brooding are strict, and farmers should observe and record the temperature, feces, food intake and mental state in detail. Pay attention to provide clean and hygienic drinking water for chicks, which can be boiled cold water.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) feed
In order to make chickens grow at a certain speed, ensure the quality of eggs and stabilize the market, the first month was fed with complete feed, the second month was fed with 60% complete feed, and the remaining 40% was replaced with bran drum and tender green feed. In the third month, the total feed was reduced to 50%, and in the fourth month, corn 60%, rice bran 10% and wheat were used instead of feed. The quality of feed used must be good, and lumpy and moldy feed cannot be used. Green feed must be washed and dried before use.
Key points of free-range chicken breeding in winter
1. Add heat preservation and lighting facilities: cover the exterior of the house with a wind-proof wall, keep the indoor floor clean, lay straw mats, and paste the doors and windows. Put down the straw curtain at night to keep warm or light it, and keep the room temperature above 10℃. If the number of chickens is small, you can drive them back to the house at night.
2. Strengthen management: there should be a sports ground outside the house, and rest perches should be set in the henhouse, with a feeding density of 5 birds per square meter. Pay attention to adjusting the temperature difference inside and outside the house before releasing chickens in the morning. You can open the doors and windows of the house first, so that the chickens can adapt to the cold outside, and then put them on the sports ground to prevent colds. Usually, to feed the hanging vegetables is to put the feed vegetables high, promote their exercise, help digestion and enhance the physique of chickens. Keep the lighting 13 ~ 14 hours every day, and turn on the light when the natural light is insufficient. In winter, it is advisable to increase the feeding frequency and feed less, 3 ~ 5 times a day, to ensure that each chicken has enough food intake, which is conducive to its own heat production and weight gain.
3. Liquor feeding: Adding 30-40g of 60-degree liquor to the feed per kilogram can increase the laying rate of native chickens by about 65,438+08% and enhance their disease resistance.
4. Feed diversification: the concentrate feed of chicken should be mainly corn, sorghum and bran, and the green feed should be mainly carrots, cabbage and spinach. Chickens should also be fed with protein and mineral feed such as bean cake, corn flour, shell powder, fish bone powder, and ensure adequate drinking water every day.
5. Make full use of feed additives: adding 0.05% choline chloride, 0. 15% methionine and proper amount of natural yeast can improve the egg laying rate by about 3%.
6. Do a good job in disinfection and epidemic prevention: often clean up the feces and sundries in the henhouse, change the padding in the playground or henhouse regularly, and keep the henhouse dry and hygienic. Usually pay attention to disinfection with Suer solution and mix with Chinese herbal medicine, or drink water with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution.
Chicken breeding technology
1. Choose a suitable place: the local chicken breeding should choose a place with leeward and sunny, flat terrain, high dryness, convenient water intake, convenient transportation, small crown and sparse fruit trees. Avoid the intensive chicken farms along the river, and the distance between farms is not less than 200 meters. Make use of the advantages of natural barriers in mountainous areas and advocate covering one field with one mountain.
2. Site disinfection: In the new site, the nursery is sprayed with 5- 10% lime water or 1: 600 chlorpyrifos, 1: 1200 disinfectant and 2% caustic soda. On the basis of the above methods, please pay attention to Mu Fu. Com, and use potassium permanganate 14g/m2 and formaldehyde 28ml/m2 for closed fumigation and disinfection 1-2 days (put the drinking machine, bucket and other appliances into disinfection together), and then turn on the ventilation 1-2 days.
3. Temperature requirements: Temperature is the key to the success of brooding. Before the chicks enter, adjust the temperature half a day in advance. Generally, the temperature in the brooding house should be controlled at 0-65438+32-33℃ at the age of 0 weeks, and then the temperature should be reduced by 1-2℃ every week until 4 weeks. There are two ways to observe whether the temperature is suitable: one is to look at the thermometer, and the other is to look at the situation of the chickens. Chickens gather together, close to the heat source and keep singing, indicating that the temperature is low; When chickens are far away from the heat source and distributed around, it means that the temperature is high; When the chickens are evenly distributed, freely moving and relatively quiet, the temperature is more suitable.
4. Choose high-quality chicken seedlings: The quality of chicken seedlings plays a decisive role in the success or failure of raising chickens. At present, small and medium-sized late-speed chickens, such as Jiangcunhuang, Sanhuang, Guangxi Maji, Zhejiang Dahuang, Gushi, Xianju and Fujian Qingji, are more suitable for outdoor breeding in our city because of their low environmental requirements, wide adaptability, strong disease resistance, large activity and excellent meat quality. Choose chickens with pure breeds and strong physique. Generally, chicks with lively flocks, strong calls, big heads, bulging eyes, strong struggle, clean bodies, neat individuals and consistent coat color are high-quality chicks.
5, boil water as soon as possible: the first time the chicken drinks water, it is called boiling water. When the chicken arrives, send it to the nursery as soon as possible (especially in winter) and let it drink freely. For chicks after long-distance transportation or hot weather, add 0.9% glucose physiological saline and rapid supplement to drinking water; Add 0.0 1-0.02% potassium permanganate to the drinking water at close range. Boil water early, so that more than 80% of chicks can drink the first saliva at the same time; For those who are slow to respond and squat, you should set them manually or clap your hands to stimulate drinking water. Water should be supplied all day.
6, timely cutting: the first feeding of chicks is cutting. The cutting time should be delayed appropriately, and the most suitable time should be 24-36 hours after the chicken hatches. It can also be determined according to the health status and external temperature of chicks. Generally, it is better for 85% chicks to have an appetite. Premature cutting can easily lead to malabsorption of egg yolk and become a stiff chicken, leading to the disadvantages of low brooding rate and poor uniformity. It is best to choose a compound feed with small particle size and easy digestion when cutting. Feed should be sprinkled on nylon cloth or basket to make chicks easy to eat, and feed as little as possible to stimulate chicks' appetite and reduce feed waste.
7. Appropriate feeding density: The feeding density of native chickens can be slightly higher than that of fast-growing chickens. Generally, it is controlled at 35 per square meter in one week, and then it will be reduced by about 5 per week until the surrounding temperature drops.
8. Do a good job in immunization: the feeding cycle of native chickens is long, and its immunization should be different from that of fast-growing chickens raised indoors. Mainly to do a good job:
8. 1, select high-quality vaccine. Due to the long feeding cycle of native chicken and the threat of epidemic disease, farmers must check the validity period, batch, manufacturer and production date of the vaccine when purchasing it, and stop using it if they find broken bottles, deliquescence, invalidation or impurities. You should go to the store designated by the agricultural department to buy it.
8.2, the vaccine should be used in sufficient quantities. Other aspects of local chicken raising can be saved, but the vaccine can't be deducted, and it should be used enough. The methods are as follows: in the early stage, the immunization amount of drinking water was doubled (that is, 1000 chickens, using 2000 chickens), and the intravenous immunization dose was 1- 1.5 times; The dosage of 1.5-2 times is appropriate in the later stage.
8.3, reasonable immunization program. H 120 vaccine 4-5 days, II or L vaccine 8- 10 days, IBD vaccine and avian influenza vaccine 13- 15 days, IBD vaccine 25-26 days, I vaccine and avian influenza vaccine 28-30 days, 32-. If the feeding period exceeds 100 days, it is recommended to inject vaccine I once at the age of 60-65 days.
8.4, take the correct immunization method. In the early stage, chickens were easy to be caught because of their small size and little activity. Therefore, we should advocate the immunization mode of nose drop, eye drop or mouth drop, and adopt injection mode in the later stage to ensure that only chickens can be immunized in place, and the immunization effect is really effective, so as to prevent the disadvantages of drinking too much and drinking too little, or even not enough, resulting in immune dead angle.
9. Prevention and treatment of major diseases in brooding period
9. 1, white dysentery. The disease mainly occurred within 7 days old, characterized by white feces sticking to the anus of chicks, and was prevented and treated with enrofloxacin, formic acid, dijunjing, oxytetracycline and other drugs.
9.2, mold disease. It usually occurs within half a month of age, and is characterized by dyspnea, dehydration and emaciation. At autopsy, fungal nodules can be seen in the lung airbag. Prevention and control should put an end to feed mildew, reduce the humidity in the house, change the padding frequently, and can be treated with nystatin.
9.3. Coccidiosis. It is characterized by decreased appetite, increased drinking water, bloody stool in the field and bloody stool around the anus of a few chickens. At autopsy, the cecum and small intestine were thickened, containing hemodilution, and bleeding spots could be seen in the intestinal mucosa. Treatment with penicillin, sulfanilamide and coccidiosis, combined with reducing humidity and feeding density in the house, has achieved good results.
10, key points of late feeding management
In the later stage, it can be gradually changed from batch to single corn (23 18, -5.00, -0.22%) and rice, and granular feed can be used if conditions are good. Generally, feed it after 10 in the morning, after 3 pm 1 time, and add it again before going to bed. Do not stop the water supply during the whole feeding period. Regular observation, found that the spirit, appetite, feces abnormalities, should take measures as soon as possible. It is necessary to eliminate dead chickens in time and prevent rats, eagles, snakes, weasels and other animals.
10. 1, appropriate feeding time. The improper feeding period of chickens directly affects the meat taste and breeding benefits of chickens. The feeding cycle is too short, the meat quality is too tender and the flavor is poor, which affects the sales and price; If the feeding cycle is too long, the feed reward will be reduced, the risk will increase, and it will also easily lead to the waste of resources such as labor and places, increase the feeding cost and worsen the benefits. Average weight 1.2- 1.5 kg, and it will be available in more than 80 days. Parents can also make reasonable arrangements according to market conditions.
10.2, and the breeding scale is moderate. The benefit of raising native chickens is related to the appropriate scale of raising. Under the current conditions in our city, it is generally appropriate to have 1500~2000 workers per batch. Avoid super-scale contiguous farming. Don't exceed 5000 if conditions are good. I'd rather put it in more places and raise it alone. This is conducive to feeding management, epidemic prevention and control, reducing risks, increasing benefits and developing steadily.
10.3, reasonable rotational grazing time. If the chicken farm is kept for too long, the site will be polluted and bacteria will increase, which will pose a great threat to the health of chickens and affect the survival rate. Moreover, it is easy to peck out the grass roots, roots and barks in the ground, causing land hardening and environmental pollution, affecting the growth of fruit trees; Too short a time, repeated investment, increased costs, resulting in waste, affecting efficiency. Generally, the above disadvantages can be avoided once every two years.
10.4, correctly handle the relationship between pest control and grazing. Chickens in orchards generally have few pests, but when it is necessary to control pests, first choose pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, and spray them on the ground as little as possible. Even if chickens eat insects, the possibility of poisoning is small. Secondly, choose sunny days to treat insects, and less liquid drops into the ground. It is best to stagger the pest control and grazing time, and try to make chickens less exposed to drugs, just in case.