Introduction to Mozart?

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (German: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,1756 65438+1October 27th-179 1 year 65438+February 5th) was born in Salzburg, during the holy Roman Empire. Mozart died young at the age of 35, leaving behind an important work that summed up all types of music at that time. He is undoubtedly a talented artist, and in the history of western music, only he is undoubtedly recognized as a prodigy in the music industry. Concertos, symphonies, sonatas, serenades and suites created by Mozart became the main forms of later classical music. He is also an opera expert, and his achievements are immortal in the changes of the times. In addition, his composition style is both melodic and artistic, cheerful and elegant, which makes his works in the same position as Bach and Beethoven, and also makes people feel that the music style has changed from baroque period to classical period. It also revealed the early romantic style because of the hurricane movement, which directly predicted the emergence of Beethoven-style heroic music. He was also the first free composer to break away from his protector publicly, which made his personality highly respected by later musicians. 1756 65438+1October 27th was born in Salzburg, Austria (during the Holy Roman Empire), a family of court musicians. His ancestral home is Germany. His father, Leopold Mozart, is a violinist and composer of the court Catholic orchestra in that city. He has an absolute feeling for sound. His mother also loves music and can play the cello and violin. Mozart has many brothers and sisters. He is the seventh child in the family. He died suddenly in Vienna on February 5th at the age of 35. The most famous operas are: The Wedding of Figaro, Don Juan and The Magic Flute. Mozart is an Austrian composer and one of the representatives of the Vienna Classical Music School in Europe. Known as a "musical prodigy" from an early age, as a model of classical music, he played a great role in the development of European music. Mozart wrote 754 works in his life, of which 622 were completed and 32 were unfinished/kloc-0, including 22 operas, 4/kloc-0 symphonies, 42 concertos, a requiem, sonatas, chamber music, religious music and songs. Mozart is the founder of piano concertos, with 27 piano concertos and K. 107 piano concertos. He also made outstanding contributions to the development of European instrumental concerto. At the same time, he is considered to be the first musician who entered romanticism in the hurricane movement. He greatly expanded the depth of music in his later music, which is mainly manifested in the abrupt and uncertain theme of music, which can be found in Symphony No.40 in G minor (also known as Witt Symphony) among his three major symphonies in his later years. It is recognized that the first romantic symphony was his 23-year-old Salzburg Symphony No.30, which brought the rebellious and unruly changing melody to the extreme. In the field of piano concertos, his Piano Concerto No.24 and Piano Concerto No.20 are the embryonic forms of romantic music. He even hinted at the arrival of romantic music in some works, mainly Symphony No.41(also known as Symphony of Jupiter). Its magnificent momentum and extreme polyphony make it a masterpiece in the field of symphony. [1] Mozart's piano works are very colorful, including: 18 piano sonatas, 7 piano trios, 2 piano quartets, 27 piano concertos, 35 piano violin sonatas, 10 piano works, 15 piano variations and dozens of other piano works. Opera is the mainstream of Mozart's creation. Like Gluck, Wagner and Verdi, Mozart is one of the four giants in the history of European opera. Together with Haydn and Beethoven, he wrote a glorious page for the European symphony. In addition, his Requiem has also become a valuable masterpiece in religious music. As a European composer at the end of 18, Mozart's music profoundly reflected the spirit of this era, especially the thought of the civil class embodied in his opera works, which was undoubtedly of progressive significance at that time. Mozart endowed music with beautiful and cheerful singing, but it also contained sadness, reflecting the fate of intellectuals in Mozart's era. [ 1]? Life Experience1756 65438+1October 27th, Wolfgang Ama Dehousse Mozart was born in a family of court musicians in Salzburg, Austria. His father leopold mozart was originally from Germany. He had seven children, but five of them died young. Only the youngest son Wolfgang and his sister Anna survived and grew up tenaciously. Leopold is a respected violinist and composer, and Mozart's extraordinary musical talent has long attracted his joy and attention. Once, he came home with a friend and saw his 4-year-old son writing on staff paper. Father asked him what he was doing. The son replied solemnly, "I am composing music." The child's behavior made two adults smile at each other. Facing the crooked notes on the paper, they thought it was just a child's prank. However, when the careful father carefully looked at his son's work, he suddenly cried to the guest with tears in his eyes: "Dear, come and see! What a correct and meaningful piece of music is written on it! " Genius began his creative career! In the long history of European music, it is not uncommon for people to show musical talent from an early age. But it is really hard to find a precocious wizard like Mozart, a musician who can be recognized as a "prodigy" at such a young age. At the age of three, he could play many pieces he had heard on the piano. At the age of 5, he can accurately identify the names of monosyllables, disyllables and chords played on any musical instrument, and even easily tell the pitch of cups, bells and other utensils when they collide ... Such a strong concept of absolute pitch is beyond the reach of most professional musicians all their lives. Study hard in order to make Mozart grow up quickly, Leopold had to make every effort to train him carefully. My son's study and training are extremely strict. In addition to complicated music theory and playing skills, there are Latin, French, Italian, English, literature and history. From 1762, under the leadership of their father, 6-year-old Mozart and 10-year-old sister Nannerl began to roam the whole European continent. They have been to Munich, Frankfurt, Bonn, Vienna, Paris, London, Milan, Bologna, Florence, Naples, Rome, Amsterdam and many other places, and they have caused great sensation everywhere! In Vienna, Austria, they were invited by the emperor to perform in the palace. Behind the flowers, applause and cheers are hard work, harsh conditions and terrible tests. For money and honor, Leopold asked little Mozart to play in public at any time, no matter how tired the journey was. In order to publicize his son's genius, he forced his children to meet the unexpected whimsical suggestions of the audience. For example, try to play difficult music in a scene that you have never touched before; Improvise the composition according to the bass that the audience imagined temporarily, and immediately play it according to the specified tonality. Cover the keyboard with handkerchiefs without affecting the piano. Play your own works from beginning to end at the concert, and so on. Moreover, such performances almost always last for four or five hours. Mozart, about 1770, went to St. Tirith's Church in Rome to enjoy Arig's performance. The music played at that time was forbidden by the church authorities to take away the score, so it has never been circulated outside. After the meeting, Mozart came home and was able to write down every word from memory, which surprised people. 1772, 16-year-old Mozart finally ended his wandering life for 10 and returned to his hometown of Salzburg. The chief musician of the archbishop's court band. Music in Europe Although Mozart was a prodigy and enjoyed great honor, in the eyes of the Archbishop, he was just an ordinary slave and a terrible slave. Because he has honor. Mozart, like his predecessor Haydn, had to wait for his master's orders in the hall every day, and he might be reprimanded and abused by the archbishop at any time, even severely punished. However, Mozart is not Haydn after all, he has stronger self-esteem and independent and bold spirit. In order to get rid of the insult and control of the archbishop, he went out to perform again in 1777, hoping to find a place to stay and leave Salzburg forever. To our great surprise, this glittering darling, who once caused a sensation all over Europe, has hit a wall everywhere at the moment! A child prodigy has grown up and is no longer a child prodigy. The former prodigy disappeared, although his talent increased in direct proportion to his age, but the real society was merciless and indifferent to him. He had to return to Salzburg, so the archbishop must be more severe with him. Mozart's bitterness and predicament are not difficult for anyone with common sense of life to imagine. In June, Mozart finally broke with the archbishop in the last straw. He resolutely resigned and left, becoming the first musician in European history to publicly get rid of the shackles of the court. Under the social conditions at that time, this move was undoubtedly extremely bold and heroic-because it meant hardship, hunger and even death. Leopold urged his son to apologize to the archbishop and get back together, but Mozart resolutely refused. In his reply to his father, he wrote: "I can't stand all this anymore." Thought ennobles people. I am not a duke, but I may be much more upright than many hereditary dukes. I am prepared to sacrifice my happiness, health and even my life. My personality, to me and to you, should be the most precious! "Out of the cage, Mozart settled in Vienna, the city of music, and began his career as a freelance artist. At that time, he was only 25 years old, but only 10 years away from the end of his life. Mozart's ease and quickness in writing made his contemporaries and future generations regard him as a genius who learned from his teachers without learning anything. Throughout his life, except for the strict instruction of his father when he was a child, he really didn't receive formal teacher guidance. Genius is undeniable, but people often ignore that genius is also inseparable from hard work and diligence. 1One day in June, 787, Mozart walked with the conductor of the opera Don Juan, Kucharz, and he said, "It is wrong to think that my art is something for nothing. I tell you exactly, my dear friend, no one will spend so much time and thought on composing music as I do; I haven't studied the works of a famous artist many times. "In Mozart, there is a typical artist's nature everywhere. He is a man who loves life and is full of poetry and emotion. He believes that the poor are the most loyal: "Only the poor are the best and truest friends in the world, and the rich have no idea what friendship is". He is naive, simple and always in high spirits; He is easily moved, loves to cry, and has the gentleness of women; He is childlike and full of curiosity like a child. He never seems to grow up. Mozart loved the people he loved. Whenever he talks about his parents and wife, his face can't help flashing with happiness, and his tone is particularly beautiful. At the sacred wedding, he and his wife shed tears of excitement. Everyone was deeply infected and cried with them. Because he has no fixed income and his wife constance is not good at managing family and finance, his married life is very poor. In order to maintain the basic needs of daily life, Mozart worked hard-teaching, performing and creating endlessly. Still, life is awkward. Mozart's life went from bad to worse in his later years, and his health became worse and worse. He has to often ask his friends for help. When his last excellent opera The Magic Flute premiered for the first time (1791September 30th), he was already suffering from chronic diseases. One day, a stranger who looked cold and dressed in black came to visit and asked the master to write a requiem for him. After the stranger left, Mozart told his wife in tears that this work should be written for himself. " He began to write his last work, Requiem, with fanatical despair. Mozart was overworked. He can't get rid of the idea that mass for death is for his own sake. He doesn't think he can finish it alive. He urged himself to write this masterpiece full of death scenes and began a tragic competition with time. "An eternal regret is that the winner of this game is death. Halfway through the writing of Requiem, Mozart could no longer hold the pen in his hand ... This masterpiece handed down from ancient times was finally completed by his favorite pupil, theseus Meyer. The great success of the magic flute brought an indescribable final relief to Mozart who was on the verge of collapse. 1 79165438+On the night of February 4th, he was lying in an empty hospital bed, muttering to himself the performance of the magic flute: the first act was over ... Now the aria after the night began ... In the morning1,he closed his eyes quietly. At this time, the luxurious Vuitton Opera House was brightly lit, the comfortable box was packed, and people from all walks of life in Vienna gathered together to enjoy the master's new work "The Magic Flute" with relish. On the day of the funeral, the wind roared and the snow fell heavily. The bad weather forced several relatives and friends to return halfway, leaving only an old grave digger walking alone in a hearse. This is a graveyard for criminals, vagrants and poor people. There are two coffins of others in the buried grave. Constance is seriously ill in bed and can't attend. When she visited the grave a few days later, she couldn't find the exact cemetery. In this way, the previous generation of wizards disappeared without a trace in the history of human civilization, leaving behind 1682 Frohring's outstanding debt. At first, no one knew Mozart. Compared with Haydn, who lived long and became late, Mozart was just the opposite-short-lived and precocious. However, in his life before the age of 36, he created an amazing number of music treasures for people. These include: 22 operas; The most famous are The Wedding of Figaro, Don Juan and The Magic Flute. Symphony 4 1, the most famous of which is Symphony 39, Symphony 40, Symphony 4 1; There are 27 piano concertos, among which the 20th, 2nd1,23rd, 24th, 26th and 27th piano concertos are the most famous. There are 6 violin concertos, among which the third, fourth and fifth violin concertos are the most famous; In addition, he also created a large number of instrumental and vocal works of various genres. Mozart's music is elegant and beautiful, as delicate as pearls, as warm as sunshine and full of youthful vitality. Because of his approachable music language and clear and rigorous structure, "the most complicated music creation can't see the trace of an axe." "This misleading simplicity is the art that really hides art," American musician Joseph Makelis put it well: "There was a moment in the history of music when all the opposites were consistent and all the tensions were eliminated. Mozart was that glorious moment. " After Mozart's death, the bones were buried in St. Max's cemetery (a simple burial was carried out at that time). Address: 6-8 Leberstrasse, Vienna, St. Marx Friedhoff,110. 189 1 year, his tombstone was moved from St. Marx's Cemetery to Tomb No.55 of the Central Cemetery Celebrity Cemetery 32A. A marble statue of Mozart was created in 1896, and now it is located in the castle garden, which is a place that tourists like to visit.