Significance and application of human genome project in medicine;
1 and HGP's contribution to human disease gene research
Genes related to human diseases are important information for the structural and functional integrity of human genome. For monogenic diseases, the new ideas of "positional cloning" and "positional candidate cloning" have led to the discovery of a large number of genes that cause monogenic diseases such as Huntington's disease, hereditary colon cancer and breast cancer, laying the foundation for gene diagnosis and gene therapy of these diseases. At present, polygenic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, tumors, diabetes, neuropsychiatric diseases (Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia) and autoimmune diseases are the focus of disease gene research. Health-related research is an important part of HGP. 1997, "Tumor Genome Anatomy Plan" and "Environmental Genome Plan" were put forward one after another.
2. Contribution of 2.HGP to medicine
Gene diagnosis, gene therapy and therapy based on genome knowledge, disease prevention based on genome information, identification of susceptible genes, lifestyle of risk population and intervention of environmental factors.
3. Contribution of 3.HGP to biotechnology
(1) Genetically engineered drugs: secreted proteins (polypeptide hormones, growth factors, chemokines, coagulation and anticoagulation factors, etc. ) and their receptors.
(2) Diagnostic and research reagent industry: gene and antibody kits, biochips for diagnosis and research, disease and drug screening models.
(3) Promoting cell, embryo and tissue engineering: embryonic and adult stem cells, cloning technology and organ reconstruction.
4. Contribution of 4.HGP to pharmaceutical industry
Screening drug targets: Combining combinatorial chemistry and natural compound separation technology, Qualcomm receptor and enzyme binding test were established. Knowledge-based Drug Design: Advanced Structural Analysis, Prediction and Simulation of Genes and protein Products —— Drug Action Pocket.
Individualized drug therapy: pharmacogenomics.
5. The important influence of 5.HGP on social economy.
Biological industry and information industry are two economic pillars of a country; Social and economic benefits of discovering new functional genes; Genetically modified food; Genetically modified drugs (such as diet drugs and height-increasing drugs)
6. The influence of 6.HGP on the study of biological evolution
The evolutionary history of organisms is engraved on the "heavenly book" of each genome; Paramecium is a relative of human beings-65.438+0.3 billion years; Humans evolved from a kind of monkey 3-4 million years ago. Humans "walked out of Africa" for the first time-2 million years of ancient apes; The human "Eve" came from Africa, 200,000 years ago-the second "out of Africa"?
7. The negative impact of 7.HGP
Jurassic Park is not just a science fiction story; Racial selective extermination of biological weapons; Gene patent war; Predatory war of genetic resources; Genetic and personal privacy.