Early intervention is non-invasive, relying on abundant external environment stimulation and reasonable training, without taking medicine or injection, so it is "green". Early intervention is implemented by guiding parents.
Clinical practice has proved that at the age of 65438 0.5, the intellectual development index of asphyxiated newborns in the early intervention group was 65438 005, and that of normal infants was 65438 000, which completely caught up with the development level of normal children. However, the intellectual development index of asphyxia routine parenting group (according to the traditional parenting style of parents) 1 year and a half is 90 points, which is significantly lower than that of early intervention group and normal children. More importantly, at the age of 1.5, 9% children in the group without early intervention were mentally retarded, while none of them in the early intervention group fell behind the normal level.
Intervention means: touch
Premature infants have immature nerve development and less nerve and muscle activity. However, parents and nurses touch the skin of premature infants methodically and skillfully, so that a large number of mild and good stimuli are transmitted to the central nervous system through the skin, giving children a certain sense of touch. This kind of stimulation will form a benign reflection in the child's brain, promote the increase of brain cell activity, and thus promote the baby's intellectual development, psychological and sports development. Touching a child systematically every day is not only conducive to the baby's growth and development, enhancing immunity, promoting the digestion and absorption of food, reducing the baby's crying and increasing sleep, but also promoting family communication between parents and children, which is conducive to the improvement of children's intelligence.
How to do
Physical touch can increase the activity of premature infants' limbs, obviously increase their head circumference, body length and weight, and promote their growth and development; Regular abdominal massage can promote the increase of gastrin, enhance children's digestion and absorption function, and significantly increase milk intake.
Intervention means: physical exercise
People's physical development is influenced by the nervous system, and physical exercise can also promote the all-round development of body and mind. One of the main ways to promote the physical development of premature infants is to increase their whole body activity, which can not only promote the growth and development of premature infants, increase their limb flexibility, but also promote their intellectual development. The physical training of premature infants should also refer to the corrected month age. Although there are many reasons to give children more training, we should choose the exercise suitable for children according to the different ages and development of premature babies. For example, when a child reaches the age of correction for 8 months, but can't support his body, he can't be forced to crawl.
How to do
1 neonatal touching is a passive but effective method to promote the physical development of premature infants, which can be carried out after birth.
Children's gymnastics is mainly through some passive and active activities to make children's body parts flexible, thus helping and promoting the development of children's sports ability. Adults can first assist children to straighten, bend and move up and down with their hands.
Crawling is the foundation of walking, and crawling training includes inclined board climbing, prone climbing, obstacle climbing, knee climbing and so on. In the process of infant development, crawling is a good exercise, which can promote intellectual and physical development, exercise the whole body muscles, and is conducive to the rehabilitation of infant brain injury.
4 Physical exercise When children can walk independently, they can be guided to do some sports within their power, such as swimming, climbing stairs, trampoline and kicking balls. You can also add some skillful sports, such as skipping rope and patting the ball.
5 Training of Living Ability When children have certain behavioral abilities, they can be trained to master some self-care abilities, such as eating, dressing, using chopsticks, buttoning, tying shoelaces, taking off pants and going to the toilet. This is not only exercise, but also intellectual development. Doing so is good for the brain. Don't think that a child can't do it, but believe that he can.
Intervention means: tactile training
Premature babies will have a relatively dull sense of touch and need repeated stimulation to catch up with normal babies. The tactile training of premature infants should start from the neonatal period, and the children's tactile feelings should be increased through passive touch. As children grow up, there are many ways to stimulate their tactile development, such as letting them touch the surrounding objects as much as possible and feel the different properties of these objects.
How to do
● Babies can be encouraged to touch the objects they touch daily and the objects in nature, such as smooth, soft, fluffy or furry toys, to make them feel different.
Developmental risk of premature infants
The incidence of cerebral palsy in premature infants is about 3%, including birth weight
The incidence of mental retardation in premature infants was 7.8% (1 17000 people/year).
Three. Foreign data show that weight
Ⅳ ⅳVLBW (very low birth weight)
Touch, a healthy game for mother and baby.
Touching exercise for 15 minutes every day can enhance the baby's immunity, help the baby's growth and development, reduce the infant mortality rate and enhance the emotional communication between parents and children. Moms and babies, hurry up!
Facial touch
1. Put your thumb between your baby's forehead and brow and gently push it out from your forehead to your temple with your fingertips.
2. The thumb is pushed out from the baby's chin along the facial contour until it stops at the earlobe.
3. Touch the earlobe: gently press the ear with your thumb and forefinger, press it from top to bottom to the earlobe, gently pull it repeatedly, and then knead it continuously.
Chest touch
Put your hands on the ribs on both sides of the baby. First, slide your right hand up to the baby's right shoulder, and then recover. Slide your left hand to the baby's left shoulder and recover. Repeat 3 ~ 4 times.
Back touch
1. Place the thumb flat on both sides of the baby's spine, hold the baby's body with other fingers together, gently touch the thumb pulp from the center to both sides, and move from the shoulder to the coccyx, and repeat for 3 ~ 4 times.
2. Fingers together, palm root to fingers as a whole, placed horizontally on the baby's back, slightly arched on the back of hand, and stroking evenly and alternately from the baby's neck to the buttocks, repeatedly for 3 ~ 4 times.
Leg contact
1. Gently knead the muscles of the baby's thigh with the thumb, forefinger and middle finger, and massage from the knee to the lower end of the caudal vertebra.
2. Hold the baby's heel with one hand, hold the baby's calf outward with the thumb of the other hand, press down along the knee and slide to the ankle.
feel
1. Gently squeeze the baby's arm, from the upper arm to the wrist, and repeat 3 ~ 4 times.
2. Separate your baby's arms from the left and right, palms up.
3. Massage the baby's wrist in small circles with your fingers. Massage the baby's palm with his thumb to open his little hand.
4. Let the baby grasp the thumb and massage the back of the baby's hand with the other four fingers.
5. Hold the baby's hand with one hand, gently pinch the baby's fingers with the thumb and forefinger of the other hand, and rotate and stretch each finger in turn from the little finger.
Warm reminder:
◎ Keep a proper room temperature, which should be around 25℃.
◎ Prepare towels, diapers and change clothes in advance.
◎ When a mother touches her baby, she doesn't have to do every action in order. Touch should be arranged according to the baby's preferences. You can disturb the touching order, or create several actions that your baby likes.
◎ Touch mode can also be determined according to the baby's age. When the baby has teeth, you can put him on his back and massage his face. When it's time to climb, let him down and help him practice climbing; When learning to walk, in addition to giving him more leg massage, feet are also very important.
◎ If the baby cries halfway, it should be stopped immediately. Don't touch the baby when he is too full, hungry or tired. If the baby's skin is slightly red after finishing, it means that the strength is just right.