anxiety reaction
A way for people to adapt to a specific environment. For example, before giving a speech on the stage, taking an important exam and other activities, there will be anxiety and restlessness. Worried about forgetting words and failing in the exam, these feelings disappear immediately after the incident, which is a normal anxiety reaction.
Similar to hysteria
The most common is the quarrel between husband and wife. Some women will lose their normal state, cry and make a scene, break things, tear clothes and vent. When things calm down, they will get out of the excitement and return to normal.
Forced phenomenon
Maybe you have this experience: when you go out in the morning, you obviously locked the door, but you still muttered in your heart, turned around and checked it again. Is the gas valve still closed? Is the light off? General mental workers, especially those who do things seriously, are prone to this phenomenon. But it doesn't last long, and it doesn't interfere with life and work, which is still a normal phenomenon.
Hypochondriac phenomenon
If I feel unwell occasionally, I will simply sit in the right position according to my limited medical knowledge and suspect that I have a serious illness. This kind of psychological phenomenon is more common, especially after relatives, friends and neighbors around them died prematurely or unexpectedly due to illness. As long as the examination, after the doctor's explanation, ruled out the possibility of a disease, hypochondria disappeared.
illusion
Normal people can hear "knock on the door" and "sound" when they are eagerly looking forward to it. After confirmation, they realize that this is an illusion, which is called psychogenic illusion in medicine. Normal people occasionally have hallucinations in a state like sleeping but not sleeping, which can't be morbid.
talk to oneself
When you are alone, some people concentrate on one thing, immerse themselves in a certain situation, and often talk to themselves. Some people will talk and laugh, but it is normal to choose the occasion and control themselves without affecting their work and life.
Clinically, the concept of "psychopathology" is often adopted, and a wide range of psychological abnormalities or behavioral abnormalities are collectively referred to as "psychological disorders" or abnormal behaviors. Of course, the word "behavior" here is broad, referring to all observable actions or activities, including almost all aspects of human function. The reason why the word "observable" is used is to make the research of psychology or behavior an objective scientific research.
Generally speaking, "psychological disorder" has a general definition, which means that it is impossible to act in a way that society thinks fit, so that the consequences of its behavior are not suitable for itself or society. This "inability" may be the result of organic injury or functional injury, or both. In my opinion, psychological disorder is an abnormal expression of response to stimulus.
People admit that there are normal psychology and abnormal psychology, because in many cases, there are substantial differences between them, and we can't help but distinguish them. People who firmly believe that their actions and emotions are controlled by "the most advanced electronic instruments" and assert that "their thoughts have been eavesdropped" cannot be considered mentally normal. So there must be a boundary between normal and abnormal psychology, which is certain. However, there is no fixed and applicable absolute standard for mental normality, and the boundary between mental normality and mental abnormality changes with the changes of the times and social and cultural differences, so it cannot be absolutely determined. In other words, this boundary is relative and comparative. To judge whether a person's psychology is abnormal, only by considering his psychological state and behavior performance under the objective environment and social and cultural background at that time, and comparing it with the socially recognized behavioral norms and his own consistent psychological state and personality characteristics, can we judge whether he is abnormal and to what extent. If a person can act in a way that society thinks fit, his psychological state and behavior can be understood by ordinary people. Even if he sometimes has slight emotional anxiety or depression, he can't be considered to be beyond the normal range. In other words, mental normality is a normal range, in which different degrees of differences are allowed.
The manifestations of psychological abnormalities can be large or small. According to WHO estimates, at the same time, almost 20% ~ 30% people have different degrees of psychological abnormalities. Psychological abnormality has various manifestations. At present, it is generally classified according to the following system.
(1) Severe psychological abnormality: ① schizophrenia; ② Manic depressive psychosis; ③ Paranoid psychosis; ④ Reactive psychosis; ⑤ Pathological personality and sexual perversion.
(2) Mild psychological abnormality: neurosis. Include neurasthenia, hysteria, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobia, hypochondria and depression.
(3) Psychosomatic disorders: ① Mental disorders related to physical diseases: including visceral diseases such as liver, lung, heart, kidney and blood, endocrine diseases, collagen diseases, metabolic nutritional diseases, postpartum mental disorders and periodic psychosis. ② Psychological abnormalities caused by various psychosomatic diseases (such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, ulcer and bronchial asthma). ).
(4) Psychological abnormalities caused by brain diseases and physical defects: a. Toxic psychosis; B. infectious psychosis; C. brain organic psychosis; D. mental disorders related to intracranial infection; E. mental disorders related to intracranial tumors; F. Mental disorders related to cerebrovascular diseases; G. mental disorders related to craniocerebral injury; H. mental disorders related to epilepsy; I mental disorders of extrapyramidal diseases and demyelinating diseases; J. senile psychosis; K. mental retardation; L psychological abnormalities caused by physical defects, such as deafness, dumb, blindness, lameness, etc.
(5) Psychological abnormality under special circumstances: ① Psychological abnormality caused by some drugs and hallucinogens; ② Psychological abnormality caused by special environment (aerospace, navigation, diving, mountains, etc.). ); ③ Psychological abnormality in hypnotic state or a special conscious state.
Mental illness generally refers to people's mental activities can not be carried out normally, and pathological obstacles have occurred. Common symptoms of mental illness are as follows:
illusion
This is a feeling of distorting objective things, that is, perceiving what exists outside the objective world as something completely different in nature. Once hallucinations occur, patients themselves cannot perceive them. It can't be recognized, let alone corrected, which seriously affects the behavior of patients. For example, the patient will treat the white rice in the bowl as a maggot and be furious; I think the kitten on the roof is a tiger, or the ceiling on the ceiling is a python, so I am terrified.
illusion
This is a kind of illusory perception and experience without real stimulation on the corresponding sensory organs, that is, something does not exist in the external environment, but the subject insists on perceiving its existence, so it is a false and illusory perception out of nothing. Hallucinations include auditory hallucination, hallucination, hallucination, hallucination, hallucination, hallucination and hallucination. Patients may be completely attracted by hallucinations, dominated by hallucination commands, and have all kinds of abnormal behaviors. For example, some patients will hear voices, "order" him to burn his own things, or throw away money, "threaten" to kill people and so on. Under the influence of this illusion, patients will really set fire to their own things, throw away their money, and try to commit suicide because they can't stand the threat.
dream of doing sth.
This is a morbid idea that has no factual basis but the patient is firm. It is a distorted belief, wrong judgment and reasoning. Like paranoia, reference delusion, obsessive delusion, persecution delusion, jealousy delusion, etc. Patients have doubts about things around them, or exaggerate their abilities, status and property. Although this idea is extremely absurd and completely unfounded, the patient firmly believes it. No matter how others explain it, even if irrefutable facts are put in front of him, it is impossible to shake or correct his wrong beliefs and ideas. For example, some patients firmly believe that their bodies have suffered from some incurable diseases, such as brain atrophy, cardiac arrest, lung or stomach rot and so on. Although it has been proved that this disease does not exist after repeated detailed examination by doctors, patients still firmly believe in this disease. They are anxious, sad and lament all day, thinking that there is no hope to live any longer.
Excited
This refers to the patient's emotional excitement, increased activity, irritability, chattering and agitation when talking, and sometimes impulsive and destructive behavior, hurting people and destroying things.
melancholy
This means that patients are depressed, depressed, frowning all day, sighing, indifferent to the things around them, and completely uninterested. Such patients have self-reproach, pessimistic and desperate thoughts, and even suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Inflexible
Patients hardly move, don't talk or move, don't eat or drink, often keep a fixed posture, sit stiffly or lie flat on the bed all day, and are slow or unresponsive to external stimuli. Even if someone beats gongs and drums in his ear, he is indifferent, just like a "wooden head."
mental disorder
This is a symptom of patients with acute brain injury, which is mostly caused by infection and toxic diseases. Patients are delirious, gibberish, fidgeting, do not know the people and things around them, and often have horrible hallucinations. For example, delirium, some patients said that they saw a person who had been dead for many years or a ferocious monster and wanted to take him away, so they cried loudly and were terrified.
foolish
This is a symptom of chronic brain injury. The patient's intelligence and memory decreased obviously, and he lost his normal ability of understanding, judging and calculating.
Mental illness refers to a serious psychological disorder, and patients' psychological activities such as cognition, emotion, will, action and behavior may appear persistent and obvious abnormalities; Unable to study, work and live normally; Action is difficult to be understood by ordinary people; Under the control of morbid psychology, people commit suicide or attack or hurt others. In recent years, using the progressive breakthrough made by TCM in clinic, TCM has activated the triple therapy of balance regulation-regulating the disorder of nerve cells, regulating the abnormal secretion of thalamus and brain, integrating the three functions, and regulating the whole treatment from the inside out. Clinical data show that patients can achieve good results as long as they insist on treatment. Results 58000 cases were clinically applied for 65 438 02 weeks. The symptoms disappear and gradually relieve, and the curative effect is obvious and lasting, and the clinical effective rate is 98%.
Diseases with abnormal sensation, memory, thinking, mood and behavior caused by dysfunction and pathological changes of thalamus and brain. Symptomatic psychosis is due to the disorder of thalamus and brain function, which leads patients to perceive the promotion of World Mental Health Day in 2008.
There are abnormalities in thinking, mood and behavior. There are many types of common mental diseases, such as schizophrenia, emotional mental disorder and brain organic mental disorder. Different types of mental illness have different clinical manifestations and different treatment methods. Mental illness mostly occurs in young adults, some have intermittent attacks, some continue to progress, and gradually tend to be chronic, with high recurrence rate and high disability rate. Without active treatment, mental retardation and personality changes may occur, making it difficult to adapt to social life and fulfill the responsibilities to family and society. But if early detection and timely treatment, patients can completely recover from the disease and live, study and work normally. Mr. Zhuo Qinxiao, a scholar in the legislative work of the Mental Health Law, said: The so-called "it is not illegal for mental patients to kill" is actually a misunderstanding in people's understanding, and there is no such provision in the law. According to article 18 of the Criminal Law, mental patients are not criminally responsible only if they cannot identify or control their own behavior. In other words, in the non-morbid state, mental patients are also subject to legal sanctions for beating and killing people.
Schizophrenia, manic-depressive psychosis, menopausal psychosis, paranoid psychosis and psychosis accompanied by various organic diseases. Patients and their families should cooperate with psychiatrists for treatment. There are still many people who like to equate mental illness with mental illness, especially mental illness, and always say in a sarcastic tone: You are mentally ill. Actually, it is a misunderstanding. There is a difference between mental illness and mental illness. Mental illness belongs to the category of mental illness, and neuropathy belongs to the category of organic pathology.