According to the protection principle, it can be divided into two categories.
Mainly divided into filtration type and isolation type.
According to the principle of filtration and absorption, toxic and harmful substances in the air are filtered by filter materials, and the polluted air is turned into clean air for people to breathe. Such as dust masks, gas masks and filtering gas masks.
According to the principle of isolation, isolated respiratory protective equipment isolates people's respiratory organs, eyes and face from the outside polluted air, and supplies air to the air source by the air source carried by itself or by introducing clean air from the polluted environment through the airway to ensure people's normal breathing and breathing. It is also called isolated gas mask, oxygen-making gas mask, long tube respirator and diving mask.
According to the principle and mode of gas supply.
Mainly divided into three categories: self-priming, self-sufficiency and power supply.
Self-priming respiratory protective equipment refers to respiratory protective equipment that overcomes the resistance of components through the wearer's spontaneous breathing, such as ordinary dust masks, gas masks and filter gas masks. Its characteristics are simple structure, light weight and no power consumption. The disadvantage is that the air tightness and safety are relatively poor due to the negative pressure formed between the protective articles and the breathing tube during inhalation.
Self-contained respiratory protective equipment refers to respiratory protective equipment that uses compressed gas cylinders as gas sources to ensure normal breathing of personnel, such as gas storage gas masks and oxygen storage gas masks. The utility model is characterized in that a compressed gas cylinder is used as a gas source, and the use is not limited by the types and concentrations of poisons in the external environment; But it is heavy, complicated in structure, inconvenient to use and maintain, and expensive.
Power-supplied respiratory protective articles refer to protective articles that rely on power to overcome the resistance of components, provide air source and ensure normal breathing of personnel, such as military filter air supply masks and long-tube air supply respirators. Its characteristic is that the resistance of the absorber is counteracted by power, and the physical load of personnel is small when using, so it is suitable for use in environments and occasions such as high work intensity, low ambient air pressure (such as plateau), critical situation and psychological tension of personnel.
According to the protection position and the connection mode of air source and respiratory organs.
There are three main types: mask type, mouth type and mask type.
Mask-type respiratory protective equipment mainly refers to respiratory protective equipment that protects the nose and mouth of respiratory organs to avoid harm caused by inhalation of toxic and harmful substances, including plane, semi-three-dimensional and three-dimensional, such as ordinary medical masks, dust masks, gas masks and so on.
Mask-type respiratory protective equipment can not only protect respiratory organs, but also protect eyes and face, such as masks for filtering and isolating poisons.
Mouth-type respiratory protective equipment is also commonly called oral respirator. Different from the first two, when wearing this respiratory protective equipment, the nose should be clamped with a nose clip and you must breathe through your mouth. The polluted air from outside directly enters your mouth after being filtered. It is characterized by simple structure, small volume, light weight and good air tightness, but it can't make sound or speak when it is used. It can be used in situations and occasions such as mine self-rescue and emergency escape.
Classification by inhalation environment of personnel
Can be divided into positive pressure type and negative pressure type.
Positive pressure type refers to the respiratory protective articles in which the pressure in the mask is greater than the environmental pressure during respiratory circulation;
Negative pressure type refers to respiratory protective articles in which the pressure in the mask is less than the ambient pressure during respiratory circulation. Isolated and dynamic respiratory protective articles mostly use steel cylinders or switch gas supply systems, which are generally positive pressure; Filtered respiratory protective articles mostly rely on spontaneous breathing, generally negative pressure. Positive pressure breathing protective equipment can avoid external pollution or leakage of oxygen-deficient air, and has high protective safety. When the external environment is dangerous, it should generally be preferred.
Classification by object of use
It can be divided into two categories: military and civilian.
Military respiratory protective equipment mainly refers to military filter gas masks, which are designed according to the tactical and technical requirements of various services and arms, and are mainly used for releasing toxic agents, biological warfare agents and radioactive dust by individual soldiers. According to the applicable military masks, anti-chemical professional masks, pilot masks, tank crew masks and artillery professional special defense masks. It has excellent functions based on high toxicity, damage protection and performance, such as military poison and biological warfare agent.
Civil respiratory protection articles are mainly for civilian use, which are used to protect common toxic and harmful gases and vapors such as toxic agents, biological warfare agents and radioactive dust, including dust masks, gas masks, filter gas masks and isolated gas masks.