From the Shanghai survey data, only 20% of the project has an integrated management system, and has a comprehensive management automation system is also very little. Pure management automation mode more, more independent decentralized systems. Its resources can not *** enjoy, hardware can not *** use, the system can not *** management. Does not fully reflect and achieve the purpose of building intelligence. Because of the lack of attention to system integration, each independent decentralized system. Communication protocols developed by each product manufacturer alone, and external confidentiality. Hardware is not compatible and interchangeable. When damaged or need to update and upgrade can only buy the original manufacturer's products, often due to the price is too expensive, and can not afford to configure, resulting in the entire system can not run, resulting in idleness, waste.
Ⅰ, on the building of intelligent engineering problems and improve the views
I, the current building intelligent construction project problems in the building of intelligent engineering quality is a comprehensive system engineering, from the built and under construction of intelligent buildings, the construction unit of a large investment, but after completion of the completion of many can not play its role, or the beginning of the use of the still good, but gradually been put aside. shelved.
From the Shanghai survey data, only 20% of the project has an integrated management system, and has a comprehensive management automation system is also very little. Pure management automation mode more, more independent decentralized systems. Its resources can not *** enjoy, hardware can not *** use, the system can not *** management. Not fully reflect and achieve the purpose of building intelligence.
Because of the lack of attention to system integration, each independent decentralized system. Communication protocols developed by each product manufacturer alone, and external confidentiality. Hardware is not compatible and interchangeable. When damaged or need to update and upgrade can only buy the original manufacturer's products, often due to the price is too expensive, and can not afford to configure, resulting in the entire system can not run, resulting in idleness, waste.
The cause of this situation, the reason is that the construction unit is not clear about the Ministry of Construction on the selected intelligent building design and integrator regulations and requirements and their significance. In addition to the intelligent building system selection process needs to be considered in several aspects of the technical requirements are not clear. This paper synthesizes the relevant information for the design and construction units for reference. I hope to improve the construction of intelligent building engineering, can better reflect the advantages of intelligent building engineering and the purpose achieved.
Second, on the determination of building intelligent engineering design and integrator
The Ministry of Construction on the qualification of building intelligent engineering design integrator.
Ministry of Construction [99] No. 117 notice from January 1, 2000 onwards must hold a special certificate of qualification of intelligent engineering design and system integration units, only within the scope of its certificate of qualification to undertake the design of intelligent system engineering and system integration of business. Local governments, the business sector should be strictly managed, and should not be self-sustaining.
2. Selection of system integrators:
Today's building intelligent system is information technology, digital inevitable product and development direction. Intelligent buildings in addition to the personality of the building, standards and the user's financial resources, but also forward-looking. Existing programs to combine with the rapid development of information technology. The system should be able to easily upgrade, and the development of advanced technology compatible. Now manufacturers have put forward a 15-year quality assurance system, and therefore the implementation of the project to ensure that users in 15 years to meet the expanding business needs. So that the investment in 15 years to preserve the value. In order to achieve such a purpose, in the investigation and selection of integrators, the most important thing is the economic strength of the integrators and back-up technical support. For the building intelligence system, not only can it meet the design standard after the completion of the project building, but also to guarantee the life of its infrastructure use for 15 years. In 15 years can be compatible with the development of technology. For these guarantees, the integrator should have the ability to compensate, so the economic strength of the integrator must be firm, those flash in the pan companies must not be trusted.
In the back-up technology guarantee, due to communications and computer products and technology updates very quickly. Computer applications in the system into operation, but also to carry out later maintenance, updates, expansion and modification. All this requires a reliable, able to survive for a long time, have a good reputation, have a track record of the company, in order to still be able to get good technical support and back-up guarantee after the delivery. In the back-up security, the integrator company, there should be a team including the following personnel competent team, namely, system integration, computer hard, software, network information management system electrical design and construction of scientific and technological talent.3. Building Intelligent Communication Network:
The building intelligent network can be divided into two categories, one for the bottom of the field control layer network, the other for the upper layer of the network, including the process of monitoring and control and building management layer. Building management layer. Upper layer network, composed of Ethernet, TOP and other LANs using standard ISO/SIO communication protocols. The bottom of the field control layer network using fieldbus system network, communication protocols are used to adopt a practical, highly reliable and simplified SIO standard.
I, the concept of fieldbus control system (FCS)
Fieldbus control is industrial (building) equipment automation control of a computer local area network. It is relying on microprocessor chips with detection, control, communication capabilities, digital instrumentation (equipment) in the field to achieve a complete decentralized control, and these field dispersed measurement, control equipment individual points as a network node, these points are connected in the form of a bus to form a fieldbus control system. It belongs to the bottom of the network system, is a network integrated fully distributed control system, it will be the original set of DCS system field control machine functions, all decentralized in the various network nodes. For this reason, the original closed, specialized systems into an open, standard system. So that the products of different manufacturers can be interconnected, is the DCS system update, greatly simplify the system structure, reduce costs, better meet the practical requirements, improve the reliability of the system operation. Fieldbus control systems with different communication protocols are generally connected to the fieldbus segment through the PC interface board in the bus slot of the industrial PC. Second, the composition of the fieldbus control system
Fieldbus control system consists of three parts: measurement system, control system, management system, and the communication part of the hard and software is its most characteristic part.
1, fieldbus control system:
Its software is an important part of the system, the control system software has configuration software, maintenance software, simulation software, device software and monitoring software. First choose to develop the configuration software, control operation man-machine interface software MMI. through the configuration software, complete the connection between the function blocks, selected function block parameters, network configuration. In the network operation process of the system real-time data collection, data processing, calculation. Optimization of control and logic control alarms, monitoring, display, reports and so on.
2, fieldbus measurement system:
It is characterized by multi-variable high-performance measurement, so that the measuring instrument has the ability to calculate and other more functionality, due to the use of digital signals, has a high resolution, high accuracy,
Interference resistance, resistance to aberrations, but also has the instrumentation device status information, can be adjusted to the processing.
3, equipment management system: can provide equipment itself and the process of diagnostic information, management information, equipment operation status information (including intelligent instrumentation), equipment manufacturing information provided by the manufacturer. For example, Fisher-Rosemoune, launched the AMS management system, which is installed in the host computer, by which to complete the management function, can constitute a comprehensive management system of field equipment information base, on the basis of which to achieve the reliability of the equipment analysis and predictive maintenance. Change the passive management mode to predictable management and maintenance mode AMS software is a field server as a platform for the T structure, in the field server to support modular, feature-rich application software to provide users with a graphical interface.
4, bus system computer service mode: client/server mode is currently more popular network computer service mode. The server indicates the data source (provider), the application client indicates the data user, which obtains data from the data source, and further processing. A guest machine runs on a PC or workstation. The server runs on a minicomputer or mainframe, and it uses the intelligence, resources, and data of both parties to accomplish its tasks.
5, database:
It can be organized, dynamic storage of a large number of relevant data and applications, to achieve the full **** enjoyment of data, cross-access, with a high degree of independence. Industrial equipment in the operation of the process of continuous changes in parameters, large amounts of data, operation and control of real-time requirements are very high. Therefore, the formation of an inter-operable distribution of relational and real-time database system, the market for the choice of mature relational database such as Orad, sybas, Informix, SQLServer; real-time database Infoplus, PI, ONSPEC, etc. 6, the network system hardware and software:
Network system Hardware: system management hosts, servers, gateways, protocol converters, hubs, user computers, etc. and the underlying intelligent instrumentation. Network system software has network operating software such as: NetWarc, LANMangger, Vines, server operating software such as Lenix, os/2, WindowNT. application software database, communication protocols, network management protocols.
Three, the characteristics of the fieldbus control system
1, in the function of centralized management, control decentralized, horizontally decentralized and vertically hierarchical in the structure.
2, to have a fast real-time response capability, for industrial equipment, local area network, it is the main communication volume is the process information and operation and management information, the amount of information is not large, the transmission rate is not high in the 1MPS or less, the task of information transmission is relatively simple, but its real-time response time is required for a high 0.01-0.5S. The so-called real-time is in the network communication The so-called real-time is in the network communication process can be online real-time acquisition of process parameters, real-time processing of system information, and rapid feedback to the system to complete the process control, to meet the requirements of the process control of time constraints. In addition to controlling and managing the external equipment of the computer system, it is also necessary to control and manage the equipment of the control system for the system, and has the ability to deal with random events. The actual operating system should ensure timely disposal in abnormal situations, to ensure the completion of the task, or the completion of the most important tasks, requires the ability to detect and correct random errors in a timely manner, at least to ensure that the impact of the error does not expand, should have the ability to resist incorrect operation and incorrectly input information. Realize the fieldbus control system real-time the main measures are: (1) OSI protocol in the seven layers are to provide a high degree of functionality of the service, which reduces the communication flow and increase the transmission time, thus affecting the real-time response capability. Therefore, the OSI seven-layer communication protocol, take different degrees of simplification, reduce the complexity of the conversion due to the layer, and affect the real-time response capability. Fieldbus control system communication protocols are generally physical layer, link layer, application layer, and then add a user as a network node, interconnected into the underlying bus network. Such as PRUFIBUS total layer of the four-layer structure. (2) the basic control functions down to the field with intelligent chips or function blocks, so that the control function is completely decentralized, directly facing the object, the interface is intuitively simple, knot. At the same time with the control, measurement and communication functions of the function block, and function block application process, as a network node, interconnected into the underlying bus network. Such as PRUFIBUS bus system, in accordance with the master, slave points, the bottom of the communication and control focused on the slave to complete. Various companies provide a full range of manufacturers of various types of master and slave column chip, the realization of a simple and inexpensive. There are such as LONWORKS although the communication protocol and OSI for the same seven layers, but all solidified in a neuron core element chip, do not need to be transmitted by the network, the same can accelerate the real-time response capability, while the application program to define a special object network variables exist in the neuron chip ROM, it is in the node code compilation time to determine, will be different nodes. Network variables of the same type are connected for self-control, greatly simplifying the development and installation of the distribution system process. (3) media access protocol: the general use of token passing bus access (TOKENBUS) can achieve both the purpose of rapid communication, but also can have a high cost-effective, for multi-access conflict detection (CSMA/CD) method, although the communication management is relatively simple, but does not completely avoid the collision phenomenon, the realization of conflict detection is more complex, in addition to the line in the constant interference with the error is often and collision is difficult to distinguish, so the fieldbus control system real-time requirements of the occasion, is not very suitable. So most of the bus control system are token passing access. Only LONWORKS uses the improved one, i.e. CSMA access with prediction P. When a node needs to send information, it first measures whether the network is idle with prediction P. If there is idle, it will be sent, and if there is no idle, it will not be sent for a while, which avoids collision and reduces the network collision rate, and improves the efficiency of reloading. And emergency priority mechanism is used to improve its real-time and reliability. (4) communication mode: generally divided into scheduling communication and non-scheduling communication most of the scheduling communication, used for cyclic transmission between the equipment, the control of the data pre-set. Non-scheduling communication is used for parameter setting, equipment diagnosis and alarm processing. From its functional points, there are master and slave station distinction. Slave station only to confirm the receipt of information or when the master sends a request to send information to it, so only a small part of the bus protocol, both economic, real-time is also strong.
3, the product should have interoperability
The manufacturers of products through the belonging to the various types of bus system protocols in line with the provisions of the OSI standard one-time test, and interoperability testing, and certification by a specialized test center. In order to improve its reliability, but also through the harsh environment of the robust test. The interface technology adopts OEM integration method to form products, which can realize the open data transmission.
So, for the same type of protocol of different manufacturers products can be mixed configuration and call for an open system, so that it has interoperability.
4, the requirements of a high degree of reliability measures:
(1) hardware after strict selection, the use of specialized chips (ASIC) and surface mounting technology (SMT). (2) system software selection of mature and suitable for the actual needs of easy-to-use software, and good tool software. The application software adopts functional modularization design with clear definition. (3) can be online can quickly troubleshooting, strengthen the hardware repairability, such as I / O template can be plugged and unplugged with electricity, and diagnostic faults show that the failure of the components automatically isolated, etc. (4) software on the separation of the system structure and the process of each process station has a geographically independent of their own local database. And through the communication network in the logical formation of the global database. (5) multi-level security measures, the use of fault-tolerant technology and redundancy technology.
Four, fieldbus control system (FCS) representative of the communication protocol standard
From the 80 years on the development of uniform standards. 83 years IEC/SC65B/WG6 International Electrotechnical Commission production process computer systems branch of the communications subcommittee, the development of the PROWAY communication protocols, mainly the ISO's OSI reference model from the original seven-layer changed to five-layer. .
At this time, at the same time, different industries also appeared one after another many bus standards, which have an impact on the following:
1, Foundation Fieldbus 2, LONWORKS3, PROFIBUS4, CAN
5, ART
And which CAN is used for automotive and robotics control of digital machine tools, medical equipment, etc., the paper does not This article does not introduce.
HART uses FAK technology, which superimposes a high-frequency signal on the original analog control system as a network communication signal, and is a transitional temporary standard.
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