(a) Operational errors, neglect of safety and warnings
1, not in accordance with the prescribed method of using machinery, equipment, etc.. For example, start, shut down, move the machine without permission; start, shut down the machine without giving a signal; the switch is not locked, resulting in accidental rotation, energization or leakage; forget to turn off the equipment and so on.
2, the use of diseased machinery and equipment, tools, etc..
3, motor vehicle speeding, motor vehicle driving violations, etc..
4, preventive measures: must strictly implement the safety rules and regulations and safety and technical regulations, each employee must strictly according to the operating procedures, consciously comply with the rules and regulations.
(B) do not take safety measures
1, not to prevent accidental danger, the mechanical part of the fixation is not stable.
2, do not prevent the sudden opening of mechanical devices, not set the necessary signs, signals, etc..
3, preventive measures: safety measures are effective means to ensure safe production, the relevant departments and each employee should be taken seriously. Before the operation, we should strictly check that there is no effective safety measures do not operate. During the operation, we should stick to our posts and work strictly according to the operating procedures.
(C) cause the failure of safety guards
1, dismantle or remove the safety device, so that the safety device does not work or the safety device adjustment error.
2, preventive measures: shall not be greedy for work convenience, unauthorized removal or movement of safety guards. On the safety device before operation, to carefully check and confirm the validity of the production operation. In the normal course of operation, often due to people's unsafe consciousness and cause some kind of dangerous state, thus laying a hidden danger of accidents, leading to others or their own harm. In view of this situation, in addition to carry out regular safety education for employees, the relevant departments must also strengthen the inspection, employees should also carry out mutual inspection to eliminate people's insecurity, to eliminate the emergence of dangerous conditions.
(D) the use of protective gear, protective clothing defects
1, do not use protective gear, *** safety protective equipment.
2, the choice of protective gear appliances or the use of wrong methods.
3, the use of unsafe attire. For example, *** work clothes into the site work.
4, preventive measures: in order to improve the use of labor protection supplies, in addition to the reasonable distribution and correct use, should also educate employees to care for public property, proper maintenance, to eliminate the phenomenon of indiscriminate use and throw to prevent damage and loss. Need to be particularly emphasized: special labor protection supplies utensils, must be in accordance with the conservation requirements of the supplies by the person in custody, the correct choice, so as to avoid deterioration, aging, failure, resulting in accidents or personal injury.
(E) other unsafe behavior
1, using the hand instead of tools. For example, using hands instead of hand tools; distracting behavior.
2, without confirming the safety of forced operation, or from the middle of the machinery, the bottom of the machinery to extract objects.
3. Passing on behalf of throwing, unnecessary running, or mischief.
4, preventive measures: to achieve safe production, it is required that each employee in the production and operation process, always comply with the safety operating procedures and all safety regulations, prohibit unauthorized operation, strict operating discipline and labor discipline, and completely eradicate unsafe behavior or phenomena.
VI. Identification of psychological factors affecting safety
(a) Characteristics of the self-expression mentality
This mentality is more prominent in the new employees, young employees. They often behave confidently and confidently, and they like to show their ability in front of others. However, some employees do not pretend to understand, blind operation; some half-knowledge to act as an insider, risky operations. Self-expression of the psychological often lead to touch and move machinery and equipment, this psychological must be overcome, this dangerous behavior, must be stopped and corrected in a timely manner.
Question 2: What are the risk factors in the enterprise? How to enhance the ability to prevent the industry and trade industry in the field of wide, large number of enterprises, many employees, the security base is weak. In recent years, the industrial and trade industry enterprises in the existence of greater risk factors become the main root cause of the induction of various types of safety accidents. Flammable and explosive dust, high-temperature molten metal, metallurgical gas, liquid ammonia and other serious accidents occur from time to time. In order to improve the risk prevention ability of enterprises in the industry and trade industry, effectively prevent and curb the occurrence of various types of accidents, especially serious safety accidents, the State Administration of Safety Supervision decided from 2016 to 2020 in the industry and trade industry, mainly metallurgy, non-ferrous metals, building materials, machinery, light industry, textile and other six industries to carry out the larger hazardous factors to identify management and control and enhance the ability to prevent accidents action plan.
First, the general idea and goal
The larger risk factors identification and control into the standardization of production safety construction, hidden trouble detection and management system construction, special rectification and daily supervision, adhere to the problem-oriented, classified guidance, source control, symptomatic treatment, focus on the principle of effectiveness, and adhere to the combination of the current and long-term, to grasp the combination of infrastructure and breakthroughs in the focus of the larger risk factors identification and control of responsibility for the management and control of the larger risk factors. Hazardous factors identification and control of the responsibility and measures level by level to the enterprise positions, grasp the details, and promote enterprises to enhance the enterprise accident prevention and safety management capabilities.
Strive after five years of efforts, to 2020, the establishment of "to the larger risk factors identification and control as the focus, to enterprise safety standardization and hidden trouble detection and management system construction as the basis for differentiated supervision and accurate law enforcement as a grip, to implement enterprise post responsibility as the core" of the industrial and trade industry safety Production of long-term mechanism, so that the enterprise safety foundation has been significantly improved, the level of intrinsic safety significantly improved, the total number of accidents and fatalities decreased significantly, effectively curbing serious accidents, production safety situation to achieve a fundamental change for the better.
Second, the work task 1 implementation of the main responsibility of enterprises.
Each region should organize the jurisdiction of the relevant enterprises to carry out the identification of large risk factors, supervise enterprises in accordance with the State Administration of Safety Supervision organization to prepare the "industrial and trade industry larger risk factors identification and prevention guidebook (2016 version)" (hereinafter referred to as the "guidebook", please download from the State Administration of Safety Supervision *** website), combined with the actual improvement of the safety management system, the establishment of a larger Hazardous factors identification and control responsibility system, the responsibility for one by one decomposition, layer by layer to the enterprise, workshop, shift and post employees; based on the "Guidebook" to carry out identification of greater risk factors, registration and archiving, the implementation of effective precautionary measures, regular inspections and inspections and safety risk assessment, and to strengthen the daily management and control; in the production and operation of the production and operation of the greater risk factors and the relevant facilities, equipment, set up obvious safety warning signs; the identification of the greater risk factors of the production and management of the production and management of the relevant facilities and equipment, set up obvious safety warning signs. Signs; will identify the greater risk factors and their preventive measures, emergency disposal methods into the post operating procedures, to achieve "a post a list", and training staff to master.
The relevant central enterprises should play an exemplary role in the unified deployment, according to the above requirements to supervise and guide the subordinate enterprises to implement the responsibility at all levels, and effectively grasp the results.
2 deepen the hidden trouble investigation and management system construction.
All regions should combine the implementation of the Guidance Manual with the promotion of the construction of the hidden danger inspection and management system, identify and focus on the enterprise's greater risk factors, in the development of the hidden danger inspection and management system, the preparation of the standard list and the functional design of the information system, the existence of the greater danger factors of the premises, parts and links as the focus of the enterprise self-check and self-correction and self-reporting work, the implementation of the risk level of management and control, and to increase the frequency of inspections. Frequency, urging enterprises to strictly implement the responsibility of investigation and management, timely detection and elimination of hidden accidents.
3 Improve the quality of standardized construction of work safety.
All regions should combine the implementation of the Guidebook with the promotion of enterprise safety production standardization construction, the identification and control of larger risk factors as a key point, through the standardization of all aspects of the construction, to strengthen the self-assessment of the larger risk factors involved in the assessment, supervision and inspection of the assessment, strict standards, strict control, strict implementation, to enhance the quality of standardization of the construction of the enterprise and the level of enterprise safety foundation management.
4 Strengthen safety supervision and law enforcement.
All regions should promote the implementation of the work by law enforcement, the implementation of the "Guidebook" and daily supervision and law enforcement combined, adhere to the identification and control of the larger risk factors as a key element of safety supervision, continue to carry out targeted law enforcement inspections, the establishment of a perfect business accounts, grasp of the enterprise risk factors and the ability to identify and control the supervision and guidance of the refinement. The failure to implement the relevant requirements, found one, investigate and deal with one, supervise and rectify in place; the requirements are in place, can effectively carry out the identification and control of hazardous factors in the enterprise, can be given more autonomy management space.
5 Increase missionary training.
The regions should be "Guidebook" related content as publicity, education and training ...... >>
Question 3: What are the various risk factors of CAD? 1. Researching CAD may cause damage to brain cells and cause insomnia when drilling with hard work;
2. Staring at the computer screen will deepen myopia, causing serious vision loss in severe cases, often accompanied by eye swelling and eye pain;
3. It may alienate friends and family members.
4. Drilling three-dimensional, may cause hallucinations, the virtual as reality;
5. Sometimes although the computer is turned off, but still thinking about CAD drawing problems, on the road may produce traffic accidents, accidents, falls, and other accidents;
6. Excessive use of the brain may result in a cerebral hemorrhage, a life-threatening situation;
7. Long-term sitting in front of the computer to concentrate on CAD may cause a serious decline in vision, often accompanied by eye pain;
7. 7. long time sitting in front of the computer and concentrating on CAD may cause lumbar disc herniation, cervical spine disease or frozen shoulder and other diseases;
8. irregular meal time may induce gastric problems or unconsciously gnawing on the mouse.
These come to mind for now.
Question 4: What are the risk factors for occupational exposure? Common risk factors for occupational exposure
1.1 Lack of knowledge about occupational exposure and low awareness of self-protection With the sharp increase in medical malpractice and medical lawsuits, most of which occur in the obstetrics and gynecology department, with obstetrics being the most common, midwives work under high risk and strong pressure every day and devote all their energy to mothers and newborns. The midwives work under high risk and strong pressure every day, and put all their energy into the mothers and newborns, while neglecting their own occupational protection, and neglecting the miscarriage of labor and treatment, which buries hidden dangers for occupational exposures from the ideological point of view.
1.2 irregular operation Midwifery work is sometimes variable and unpredictable, such as emergency delivery, maternal admission to the hospital later or due to their own subjective and objective factors such as high temperature in the delivery room, some of our midwives are too late or unwilling to wear protective masks, wearing high boots, only masks, hats, a pair of gloves, and sometimes even if the hands are broken also do not care about it, so that the blood and amniotic fluid can easily splash to the face, hands, feet, blood, blood, blood, blood, blood, blood, blood, blood, blood, blood, blood, blood, blood, blood, blood, blood. The longer the exposure time, the greater the risk may be, amniotic fluid potentially infectious body fluids, and broken skin mucosa is a key condition of occupational exposure.
1.3 Inappropriate use of medical devices Medical devices are part of the natural environment, and their use permeates every dimension required for a healthy work environment, such as skillful communication, true collaboration, effective decision-making, appropriate staff, meaningful cognition, and authoritative leadership. Only the achievement of these dimensions promotes the safe use of devices; therefore, the safe use of medical devices is a response to the safety of a healthy work environment [3]. The midwifery work itself is risky and random, sometimes there is a deviation in fetal weight estimation, the head of the fetus is exposed, and a temporary episiotomy is performed. Midwifery work is inseparable from scissors, needles and other sharp instruments every day, if the operation of medical equipment is improper or unskilled, coupled with psychological pressure, attention is not focused, it is easy to occur occupational exposure.
1.4 Sloppy operation, carelessness, objects placed in a disorderly manner Some midwives are disorganized on the delivery table, when the fetus is delivered in a short period of time, often scrambling to look for scissors, and the blood and amniotic fluid on the delivery table is more, the slightest error, it is easy to accidentally injure themselves in occupational exposure.
1.5 The layout of the delivery bed is unreasonable, sterilization measures are not strict maternity ward is an important place of maternal delivery, and some maternity wards due to the layout of the unreasonable, poor working conditions, dim light, room area is small, the air disinfection conditions are unqualified, such as 20 square meters should be set up electronic air disinfector, and some maternity wards air disinfection is not up to standard, the items disinfection sterilization is unqualified.
1.6 Improper handling of occupational exposure When midwives have occupational exposure, the first reaction is fear, panic, hands and feet, do not know what to do, do not know how to deal with correctly or in a panic squeeze improperly, etc., the wrong treatment of the source of exposure, but exacerbated the occupational exposure.
Question 5: What are the risk factors for chronic diseases? Heredity
Unhealthy lifestyle habits (greasy food, staying up late, disordered dietary floats, etc.) (great correlation)
Environmental pollution
Age
...
Question 6: What are the risk factors for hospital-acquired infections? Hospital-acquired infections : Infections acquired by hospitalized patients in hospitals, including infections that occur during hospitalization and infections that occur after discharge from hospitals, but excluding infections that have begun prior to admission or are in the incubation period at the time of admission. Infections acquired by hospital staff within the hospital are also hospital-acquired infections. Subjective factors: medical staff have insufficient knowledge of hospital infections and their dangers; they cannot strictly implement aseptic techniques and sterilization and isolation systems; hospital regulations are incomplete, and there is no sound outpatient and emergency pre-screening and triage system, and there is no system of admission hygiene and disposal in the inpatient department, which results in the spread of infection sources. In addition, there is a lack of monitoring of the effect of sterilization, which does not effectively control the occurrence of hospital infections. Objective factors: 1, the increase of invasive means of diagnosis and treatment 2, the use of immune-suppressing treatment methods because of the need for treatment, the use of hormones or immunosuppressants, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, resulting in the decline in the patient's autoimmune function and become susceptible. 3, environmental pollution. 3, environmental pollution serious hospitals due to a large number of infectious agents, so the environmental pollution is also serious.
Satisfaction please adopt
Question 7: Occupational hazards are divided into those categories Occupational hazards can be divided into the following three categories according to their sources:
(a) harmful factors in the process of production
1, chemical factors: including the production of many chemical substances in the process of production and production dust.
2, physical factors: including abnormal meteorological conditions, abnormal air pressure, noise, vibration, non-ionizing radiation, ionizing radiation and so on.
3, biological factors: such as Bacillus anthracis, Borrelia burgdorferi, forest encephalitis virus and other infectious agents.
(B) harmful factors in the labor process
Mainly includes unreasonable labor organization and labor system, excessive labor intensity, excessive mental or psychological tension, excessive tension in individual organs or systems during labor, long time bad ***, unreasonable labor tools.
(C) harmful factors in the production environment
The main factors include the natural environment, plant construction or layout is unreasonable, from other production processes emanating from the harmful factors caused by the pollution of the production environment.
Question 8: The classification of hazardous and harmful factors in the production process, the physical factors included in the production process hazardous and harmful factors in the classification and code 2009-10-15 Release 2009-12-01 Implementation Preface This standard replaces GB/T13861-1992 "production process hazardous and harmful factors in the classification and code". This standard and GB/T13861-1992, compared with the main changes are as follows: --- increased "normative references"; --- increased "terms and definitions"; --- code structure from the "three-level" to "four-level The code structure has been changed from "three levels" to "four levels"; - The six categories have been changed to four categories, namely, "human factors", "material factors", "Environmental factors", "management factors". This standard is proposed by the Chinese institute of standardization. This standard by the national information classification and coding standardization technical committee. Drafting unit of this standard: China institute of standardization, China institute of safety production science, Liaoning provincial institute of safety science. Main drafters of this standard: Zhang Yanqi, Zhang Huijun, Liu Ji, Hao Yingui, Li Ronghua. This standard replaces the distribution of successive versions of the standard as follows: --- GB/T13861-1992. Classification and code of hazardous and harmful factors in the production process 1 Scope This standard specifies the classification and code of various major hazardous and harmful factors in the production process. This standard applies to the prediction and prevention of dangerous and harmful factors, identification and analysis of the causes of casualties and accidents in the planning, design and organization of production in various industries, and also applies to the processing and exchange of occupational safety and health information. 2 Normative references The provisions in the following documents become the provisions of this standard through the references in this standard. All subsequent revision sheets (excluding errata) or revised versions of dated references do not apply to this standard; however, parties who have reached agreement under this standard are encouraged to examine whether the latest versions of these references may be used. Where a document is cited without date, its latest version is applicable to this standard. GB13690 Classification and labeling of commonly used hazardous chemicals 3 Terms and definitions The following terms and definitions are applicable to this standard. 3.1 Production process The whole process of laborers engaging in production activities in the field of production 3.2 Hazardous and harmful factors Factors that can cause injury or death to human beings, affect human health or even lead to diseases. 3.3 Human factors Hazardous and harmful factors of personnel or human nature in production activities. 3.4 Physical factors Hazardous and harmful factors in machinery, equipment, facilities and materials. 3.5 Environmental factors Hazardous and harmful factors in the production work environment. 3.6 Management factors Hazardous and harmful factors caused by lack of management and management responsibility. 4 Classification principles and code structure This standard is categorized according to the nature that may lead to hazardous and harmful factors in the production process. Production process hazardous and harmful factors*** are divided into four categories, namely "human factors", "material factors", "environmental factors", "management factors". Management factors". The code of this standard is a hierarchical code, expressed in six digits. *** There are four levels. The first and second levels with a single digit respectively, indicating large categories, medium categories; the third and fourth levels with two digits respectively, indicating small categories, fine categories. 110103 110199 1102 1103 1104 110401 110402 110403 110499 1105 110501 110502 110599 1199 Psychological and physiological hazards and harmful factors Excessive load Excessive physical load Excessive hearing load Excessive visual load Excessive other loads Excessive loads Abnormal health condition Engaged in prohibited work Psychological Abnormalities Emotional Abnormalities Adventurous Psychology Excessive Stress Other Psychological Abnormalities Recognition Function Defects Perceptual Delay Recognition Errors Other Recognition Function Defects Other Psychological, Physiological Hazardous and Harmful Factors Referring to load overloads that are prone to cause fatigue, strain, injury, etc. Referring to injuries, periods of illness, etc.
Question 9: What are the hazardous factors for occupational diseases included Occupational disease as referred to in the Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Law refers to the enterprises, Institutions and individual economic organizations and other units of workers in the occupational activities, due to exposure to dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful factors caused by the disease.
Occupational disease patients must be enterprises, institutions or individual economic organizations and other units of workers, exposure to occupational hazards does not necessarily suffer from occupational diseases, and work-related diseases are not necessarily occupational diseases, occupational diseases have their own specific scope, both the state provisions of the statutory occupational diseases, all belong to the statutory occupational diseases of the patient, according to the law, enjoy the state provisions of the occupational disease treatment.
Hazardous factors of occupational diseases in the workplace can be divided into the following three categories according to their sources:
1, the production process of harmful factors: such as lead, benzene, chlorine, mercury and other productive toxins; productive dust, noise, ionizing radiation and infectious agents, etc.;
2, harmful factors in the labor process: such as labor organization and system is not reasonable, labor and rest system is not reasonable, labor intensity is too high. Work and rest system is unreasonable, excessive labor intensity or improper production quota, workers mental (psychological) occupational tension; long time in the bad *** or posture, or the use of irrational tools labor and so on.
3, the production of harmful factors in the environment: including the role of natural environmental factors, such as high temperature radiation in the hot season, the cold season due to the windows and doors are closed and poor ventilation, etc.; plant construction or layout of irrational, such as toxic and non-toxic sections of the work arranged in a workshop, by the irrational production process caused by environmental pollution, etc..