The full name is Polyvinylchlorid, the main ingredient is polyvinyl chloride, bright color, corrosion resistance, strong and durable, due to the increase in the manufacturing process of plasticizers, anti-aging agents, and some other toxic auxiliary materials to enhance its heat resistance, toughness, ductility, etc., so its products Generally do not store food and medicine. It is a favorite, popular and widely used synthetic material in the world today. Its global usage is the second highest among all kinds of synthetic materials. According to statistics, in 1995 alone, PVC was produced in Europe in the amount of about 5 million tons and consumed in the amount of 5.3 million tons. In Germany, PVC production and consumption of an average of 1.4 million tons. PVC is with a growth rate of 4% in the world-wide production and application. In recent years, the growth rate of PVC has been particularly significant in Southeast Asia, where there is an urgent need for infrastructure development. PVC is the most suitable material for the production of three-dimensional surface films.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), the monomer of which has the structural formula CH2=CHCl
Chemical and Physical Properties:
Rigid PVC is one of the most widely used plastics materials. PVC is actually a polymerized substance of vinyl, and the material is amorphous in nature. processing agents, colorants, anti-impact agents and other additives. PVC is non-flammable, high strength, resistant to weathering and has excellent geometric stability. PVC is highly resistant to oxidizing agents, reducing agents and strong acids. However, it can be corroded by concentrated oxidizing acids such as concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid and is not suitable for contact with aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
The melting temperature of PVC during processing is a very important process parameter, and if this parameter is not correct, it will lead to problems of material decomposition. The flow characteristics of PVC are quite poor and its process range is very narrow. Especially large molecular weight PVC materials are more difficult to process (such materials usually need to add lubricants to improve the flow characteristics), so usually use small molecular weight PVC materials. The shrinkage of PVC is quite low, generally 0.2 to 0.6%.
Injection molding process conditions
Drying treatment: drying treatment is usually not required.
Melting temperature: 185~205℃ Mould temperature: 20~50℃
Injection pressure: up to 1500bar Holding pressure: up to 1000bar Injection speed: to avoid material degradation, generally use a fairly high injection speed.
Runners and Gates: All conventional gates can be used. For smaller parts, it is best to use a pinpoint or dive-in gate; for thicker parts, it is best to use a fan gate. The minimum diameter of the pin-tip or submerged gate should be 1mm; the thickness of the fan gate should not be less than 1mm.
Typical use: PVC has the outstanding characteristics of abundant raw materials (petroleum, limestone, coke, salt and natural gas), mature manufacturing process, low price, wide range of uses, etc., and has now become the world's second largest general-purpose resin after polyethylene resin, accounting for 29% of the total consumption of synthetic resins in the world. It has become the second largest general-purpose resin in the world after polyethylene resin, accounting for 29% of the world's total consumption of synthetic resin. PVC is easy to process and can be processed by molding, laminating, injection molding, extruding, calendering, blow molding hollow and so on. PVC is mainly used in the production of artificial leather, film, wire sheathing and other plastic soft products, water supply pipes, household pipes, housing wall panels, commercial machine shells, electronic packaging, medical equipment, speedboat fenders, but also the production of plates, doors, windows and valves and other plastic hard products.
PVC can be divided into soft PVC and hard PVC, of which hard PVC accounts for about 2/3 of the market, and soft PVC accounts for 1/3. soft PVC is generally used for flooring, ceilings, and the surface layer of leather, but due to the soft PVC contains softeners (which is also the difference between soft PVC and hard PVC), it is easy to become brittle, not easy to store, so its scope of use has been limited. Hard PVC does not contain softener, so it is flexible, easy to mold, not easy to brittle, non-toxic and non-polluting, long preservation time, so it has great development and application value. Below are referred to as PVC. soft PVC is mostly used to make vacuum blister film, used for all kinds of panels of the surface layer of the packaging, so it is also known as decorative film, adhesive film, used in building materials, packaging, medicine and many other industries. The building materials industry accounted for the largest proportion of 60%, followed by the packaging industry, there are a number of other small-scale application of the industry.
Simply put, an aqueous solution of salt undergoes chemical decomposition by the action of an electric current. This process produces chlorine, caustic soda and hydrogen. Refining and cracking oil or gasoline produces ethylene. When chlorine and ethylene are mixed, vinyl dichloride is produced; vinyl dichloride can be converted to produce chlorinated vinyl, which is the basic component of polyvinyl chloride. The polymerization process joins the chlorinated vinyl molecules together to form the PVC chain. Polyvinyl chloride produced in this way is in the form of a white powder. It cannot be used alone, but can be mixed with other components to produce many products.
Vinyl chloride was first synthesized in 1835 in the laboratory of Justus von Liebig. And polyvinyl chloride was synthesized by Baumann in 1872. But it wasn't until the 1920s that the first commercial product of PVC was produced in the United States, and within the next two decades large-scale production began in Europe.
Polyvinyl chloride has the advantages of flame retardant (flame retardant value of more than 40), high chemical resistance (resistant to concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentration of 90% sulfuric acid, concentration of 60% of nitric acid and concentration of 20% of sodium hydroxide), mechanical strength and good electrical insulation. However, its heat resistance is poor, the softening point of 80 ℃, at 130 ℃ began to decompose and discoloration, and precipitation of HCI.
[edit]PVC characteristics and molding characteristics
Specific gravity: 1.38 g / cm3, molding shrinkage: 0.6-1.5%, molding temperature: 160-190 ℃.
Characteristics: mechanical properties, excellent electrical properties, acid and alkali resistance, chemical stability, but the softening point is low. It is suitable for the production of sheet, wire and cable insulation, seals and so on.
Molding characteristics:
1. Amorphous material, small moisture absorption, poor fluidity. In order to improve the fluidity and prevent the occurrence of air bubbles, the plastic can be pre-dried. The mold casting system should be thick and short, the gate cross-section should be large, there should be no dead ends. The mold should be cooled and the surface should be chrome plated.
2. Because of its corrosive and fluidity characteristics, it is best to use special equipment and molds. All products should be added with different kinds and quantities of additives according to the needs.
3. Very easy to decompose, at a temperature of 200 degrees with steel. It is easy to decompose when contacting with steel and copper at 200 degrees Celsius, and corrosive and irritating gases will be released when decomposing. Irritating gases are emitted during decomposition. Small molding temperature range.
4. Screw injection machine nozzle, the aperture should be large to prevent dead-end stagnant material. Good not to bring inserts, such as inserts should be preheated.
What is the pollution of PVC?
PVC Pollution Causes:
Some toxic additives and plasticizers in PVC, may leak or gasification; some additives will interfere with the biological endocrine (affecting reproductive function), some can increase the risk of cancer; incineration of PVC waste will produce carcinogenic dioxin and pollution of the atmosphere.
Conventional PVC materials, such as wires and cables, are a serious source of pollution. In the manufacture, use and disposal, will produce a large number of dioxin, chlorohydrochloric acid, lead and other harmful substances; PVC material combustion will occur when a lot of smoke, and produce harmful HCL gas; and most of the PVC material contains Pb (lead), Cd (cadmium), etc. (used as cable stabilizers) a variety of harmful heavy metals, which will cause some harm to human health; incineration or burial, will cause Pollution of soil and water.
Since most disposable medical devices are made of medical-grade polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polycarbonate (PC), the thermal decomposition of PVC during processing has a strong corrosive effect on steel, and PC has high hardness and high viscosity, thus the material requirements for the parts of the plasticizing part must be corrosion-resistant, anti-abrasive, and have a high degree of polished performance. At present, most of the medical injection molding machine using barrel screw hard chrome plating method or stainless steel as the material to produce machine screw to achieve the above special requirements. In addition, in order to prevent the thermal decomposition of PVC processing gas, the requirements of the dynamic fixed template surface aluminizing treatment, but also on the periphery of the plate gold aluminizing treatment or stainless steel plate production of plate gold, plate gold seams using non-toxic silicone sealing, in order to prevent the plastic processing of gas to the outside (plastic processing of gas can be centralized through a special device and then after purification and treatment can be released into the atmosphere). (Gases generated during plastic processing can be collected centrally by special equipment and then purified before being discharged into the atmosphere).
Hazards of DEHP, a common additive to PVC: Because DEHP (di-phthalate) is easily atomized, other vinyl products, including automotive interiors, shower curtains, or floor coverings, can release toxic gases into the atmosphere, and DEHP is easily soluble in oily liquids. There are also emerging safety concerns about additives leaking out of these soft plastic toys if children chew on them. Some studies suggest that this additive may complicate health issues, but further research is needed. According to some medical studies, PVC plasticizers may cause chronic diseases such as scleroderma, cholangiocarcinoma, angiosarcoma, brain cancer, and acrosteolysis. 2004, a team of Swedish and Danish academics found that the phthalates DEHP and BBzP, commonly used in PVC, were associated with allergies in children. In 2004, a team of Swedish and Danish researchers found that the phthalates DEHP and BBzP, commonly used in PVC, were strongly associated with childhood allergies.
For unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (U-PVC), since it does not contain plasticizers, there is no DEHP leakage, but the process usually adds stabilizers, most of which are lead salt stabilizers, and lead is a toxic substance that can leach out during use, endangering human health, and should not be ignored. Currently there are non-lead salt stabilizers, but the cost is high, not yet popularized.
[Edit] Development of China's PVC market
In recent years, China's polyvinyl chloride (PVC) development speed is amazing, new construction, expansion projects have been on the ground, the rapid expansion of production capacity, production has increased dramatically. 1997-2006, China's PVC production capacity, production average annual growth rate of up to 22.2% and 20.0% respectively.
In 2006, the national cumulative output of PVC resin was 8,238,583.86 tons; in 2007, the national cumulative output of PVC resin reached 9,716,783.63 tons; in 2008, the national cumulative output of PVC resin from January to May was 4,028,666.03 tons.
2008-2012, the global market demand for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is expected to grow rapidly at an average annual rate of 4%, especially in some developing countries, the market demand will show rapid growth. China's demand for PVC resin will also maintain rapid growth, especially in building materials, in recent years is in a period of rapid growth. With the increasing pace of internationalization of the Chinese market, polyvinyl chloride resin packaging materials and pipes in the cement, fertilizers, food, food, beverages, pharmaceuticals, detergents, cosmetics and other fields will have a broad space for development, and its demand for a corresponding substantial increase; in addition, automobiles, communications, transportation field of polyvinyl chloride resin demand is also a high-speed growth in China's polyvinyl chloride resin industry there is still a large space for development.
[Edit]Polyvinyl Chloride PVC Futures
Polyvinyl Chloride PVC Futures Polyvinyl Chloride (Polyvinyl Chloride, or PVC), is China's first, the world's second largest general-purpose synthetic resin materials, due to excellent flame retardant, abrasion resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, comprehensive mechanical, product transparency, electrical insulation and easier processing characteristics. Easy to process and other characteristics, at present, PVC has become one of the most widely used plastic varieties, in industry, construction, agriculture, daily life, packaging, power, utilities and other fields are widely used, and polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and ABS collectively referred to as the five major general-purpose resins.
I. Introduction to polyvinyl chloride
Polyvinyl chloride is a non-toxic, odorless white powder. It has high chemical stability and good plasticity. In addition to a few organic solvents, at room temperature can withstand any concentration of hydrochloric acid, less than 90% of sulfuric acid, 50-60% of nitric acid and caustic soda less than 20%, for the salts are also quite stable; PVC's thermal stability and light resistance is poor, at 140 ℃ or more can begin to decompose and release hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas, resulting in the discoloration of the PVC. PVC's electrical insulation is excellent, and generally will not burn, in the flame can burn and release HCl gas. It can burn on the flame and release HCl, but it is self-extinguishing when it leaves the flame, which is a kind of "self-extinguishing" and "flame-retardant" material. Based on the above characteristics, PVC is mainly used in the production of profiles, profiles, pipes and fittings, plates, sheets, cable sheaths, hard or soft tubes, blood transfusion equipment and film and other fields.
Second, the classification of polyvinyl chloride
According to the different scope of application, PVC can be divided into: general-purpose PVC resin, high polymerization PVC resin, cross-linked PVC resin. General-purpose PVC resin is formed by vinyl chloride monomer polymerization under the action of the initiator; high degree of polymerization of PVC resin refers to the vinyl chloride monomer polymerization system by adding a chain growth agent polymerization of the resin; crosslinked PVC resin is in the vinyl chloride monomer polymerization system by adding a crosslinking agent containing bis- and poly-alkenes polymerization of the resin. General-purpose PVC due to the simple preparation method, a wide range of uses, in the spot market circulation of the vast majority of the general-purpose PVC resin, and high polymerization and crosslinked PVC resin is generally more in the special areas of application.
According to the method of obtaining vinyl chloride monomer to distinguish, can be divided into calcium carbide method, ethylene method and imported (EDC, VCM) monomer method (customarily referred to as ethylene method and imported monomer method collectively referred to as ethylene method). At present, the world mostly for the ethylene method of PVC, and China is mainly to the calcium carbide method of PVC.
According to the polymerization method of vinyl chloride monomer, polyvinyl chloride is obtained by suspension method, emulsion method, body method and solution method. Suspension method with its simple production process, easy to control and large-scale production, product suitability, is the main mode of production of PVC, from the world, the suspension method of PVC production accounted for about 80% of the total. The body method does not use water and dispersant, polymerization and post-treatment is simple, high product purity, but there are polymerization process mixing and heat transfer problems, high production costs, belong to the elimination of class process, its production capacity of less than 10% of the total, China is only the Sichuan Yibin days of the original use of the body method of production of PVC. emulsion method of polymerization of water as a dispersing medium, resulting in finer particles, thermal stability and electrical insulation is not good for the production of paste resins, mainly used in the manufacture of PVC. Paste resin production, mainly used in the manufacture of artificial leather, impregnated gloves, screens, paddy boots, tool handles, wallpaper, flooring rolls, battery partitions and toys, etc., China's PVC paste resin production is less than 4% of the total output of PVC. Solution polymerization is only used to produce coatings or specialty products. In the United States, using a variety of polymerization methods to produce the proportion of resin is: suspension method 87.8%, emulsion and micro-suspension method 6.4%, the body polymerization method 4.4%, the solution method 1.4%. In China, more than 90% of the PVC is prepared using the suspension method of production.
Third, the production process and cost analysis of polyvinyl chloride
1. Production process
PVC production mainly has two preparation processes, one is the calcium carbide method, the main raw materials for the production of calcium carbide, coal and raw salt; the second is the ethylene method, the main raw material is oil. PVC production in the international market is mainly ethylene-based, while the domestic coal-rich, oil-poor, gas-poor resource endowment constraints, it is mainly calcium carbide-based, as of December 2007, calcium carbide accounted for more than 70% of China's total PVC production capacity.
It is worth noting that, in the calcium carbide method of preparation of PVC, the original salt electrolysis of hydrogen chloride used in the production of PVC, the remaining part of the sodium used in the production of caustic soda, so, chlorine, alkali in fact, there is a relationship between the *** birth, chlorine and alkali balance of the entire industry has to be considered in the process of development of an important factor.
2. Cost analysis
Analyzed from the perspective of production costs, the two processes in different economic development cycle, the cost difference is large. Usually, in the international macroeconomic high development stage, due to higher oil prices, ethylene method of production costs are higher, calcium carbide method of cost advantage is obvious; and once the international economy into recession, oil prices will be running at a low level, calcium carbide method due to higher energy consumption, coal, electricity, oil and transportation and other prices have support, the cost advantage disappeared. Since 2003, the international oil prices have risen sharply, so that the ethylene method of PVC cost increases, while the production of calcium carbide method is less affected by this, leading to a new round of domestic calcium carbide method of PVC production plant construction boom, so that the calcium carbide method of PVC production capacity to expand dramatically, the production of PVC on the ethylene method to form a great challenge to the ethylene method of PVC production, many of the ethylene method of enterprises at the edge of the loss. However, with the continuous downward adjustment of crude oil prices after May 2008, the cost advantage of the ethylene method is obvious, calcium carbide method manufacturers run at a small profit, or even unsustainable.
The cost of calcium carbide method is mainly composed of calcium carbide costs, hydrogen chloride costs and water and electricity costs. National standards: the production of 1 ton of PVC consumption of calcium carbide 1.45 to 1.5 tons, (generally calculated as 1.45, but generally higher than the actual consumption of the production process, only a small number of standards can be achieved), the consumption of hydrogen chloride gas 0.75 to 0.85 tons (generally 0.76), per ton of power consumption of about 450 to 500kw?h, and other items of expenditure, such as packaging costs, Other expenses, such as packaging, initiator, dispersant, water, management personnel costs, etc. vary according to the different manufacturers and production scale. Generally speaking, the cost of calcium carbide method is distributed as follows: 65-70% for calcium carbide, 15% for HCl, 6% for electricity and 6% for other manufacturing costs. A significant feature of the calcium carbide method is the high consumption of electricity, not only in the production of PVC to consume electricity, the preparation of calcium carbide from coke also consumes a lot of electricity, such as the production of 1 ton of calcium carbide requires the consumption of about 3450 kw?h of electricity, 0.6 tons of coke and 0.9 tons of limestone.
The main factors in the cost of ethylene method are ethylene consumption, chlorine consumption, power consumption, processing aids, management labor costs. Ethylene method to produce 1 ton of PVC to consume 0.5 tons of ethylene, 0.65 tons of chlorine consumption, both accounted for about 60% of the cost. The cost of ethylene accounts for the main part of the cost of raw materials, and the price of ethylene has a greater impact on the cost of PVC. Although the energy consumption of ethylene method is lower than that of calcium carbide method, the investment in equipment is huge, so the depreciation of equipment accounts for a larger part of the cost. And equipment investment is fixed, so ethylene, vinyl chloride price changes is the main factor in the price change of polyvinyl chloride resin.
Fourth, the main use of polyvinyl chloride and the industrial chain
1. PVC profiles
Profiles, profiles is China's largest area of consumption of PVC, accounting for about 25% of the total consumption of PVC, mainly used for the production of windows and doors and energy-saving materials, and its application is still a relatively large increase in the country. In developed countries, the market share of plastic doors and windows is also high, such as Germany for 50%, France for 56%, the United States for 45%.
2. Polyvinyl chloride pipes
In many of the polyvinyl chloride products, polyvinyl chloride pipe is its second largest consumption area, accounting for about 20% of its consumption. In our country, PVC pipe than PE pipe and PP pipe development early, more varieties, excellent performance, wide range of use, in the market occupies an important position.
3. Polyvinyl chloride film
PVC film field of PVC consumption ranks third, accounting for about 10% or so. PVC mixed with additives, plasticization, the use of three-roller or four-roller calender made of transparent or colored film of the specified thickness, the film processed in this way, become calendered film. It can also be cut and heat-laminated to process bags, raincoats, tablecloths, curtains, inflatable toys and so on. Wide transparent film can be used for greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and ground cover. The bi-directional stretch film, the characteristics of heat shrinkage, can be used for shrink packaging.
4. PVC hard materials and plates
PVC in the addition of stabilizers, lubricants and fillers, after mixing, with the extruder can be extruded in various calibers of the hard pipe, profiled pipe, corrugated pipe, used as a downpipe, drinking water pipe, wire casing or staircase handrails. The calendered sheets are overlapped and hot pressed to make various thicknesses of rigid sheets. Plate can be cut into the desired shape, and then use PVC welding rod with hot air welding into a variety of chemical-resistant storage tanks, ducts and containers.
5. PVC general soft goods
The use of extruders can be extruded into hoses, cables, wires, etc.; the use of injection molding machines with a variety of molds, can be made into plastic sandals, soles, slippers, toys, car parts, etc..
6. Polyvinyl chloride packaging materials
Polyvinyl chloride products used for packaging is mainly a variety of containers, film and rigid sheet. pvc containers are mainly produced for mineral water, beverages, cosmetic bottles, but also for the packaging of refined oils. pvc film can be used with other polymers *** extrusion production of low-cost laminated products, as well as transparent products with good barrier properties. PVC film is also used in stretch or heat shrink packaging for mattresses, cloth, toys and industrial goods.
7. PVC siding and flooring
PVC siding is mainly used to replace aluminum siding. PVC floor tiles in addition to a part of the PVC resin, the rest of the components are recycled materials, adhesives, fillers and other components, mainly used in airport terminal floors and other places of hard ground.
8. Polyvinyl chloride consumer goods
Luggage bags are made of polyvinyl chloride processing of traditional products, polyvinyl chloride is used to produce a variety of imitation leather, used for luggage, sports products, such as basketball, soccer and rugby, etc.. It is also used to make belts for uniforms and specialized protective equipment. PVC fabrics for apparel are generally adsorbent fabrics (not coated), such as ponchos, baby pants, imitation leather jackets and a variety of rain boots. Polyvinyl chloride is used in many sports and recreational products, such as toys, records and sporting goods, PVC toys at present, the growth of large, due to the low cost of production of polyvinyl chloride toys and sporting goods, easy to mold and have an advantage.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) futures contracts
Trading varieties
Polyvinyl Chloride
Trading unit
5 tons / lot
Quotation unit
Yuan (yuan) / ton
Minimum change in the price
5 yuan / ton
Up and down range
Contract month
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
Trading hours
Monday through Friday 9:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m., 13:30 p.m. to 15:00 p.m.
Last day of trading
The 10th trading day of the contract month
The last trading day
The last trading day
The 10th trading day of the contract month
The 10th trading day of the contract month
Last delivery day
The 2nd trading day after the last trading day
Delivery grade
The quality standard is in line with the SG5-type first grade and superior grade as stipulated in the "Suspension Method of General-Purpose Polyvinyl Chloride Resin (GB/T 5761-2006)
Delivery place
Designated by the Dalian Commodity Exchange for delivery Dalian Commodity Exchange Designated Delivery Warehouse
Minimum Transaction Margin
5% of contract value
Trading Fee
No more than 6 Yuan/Lot
Delivery Mode
Physical Delivery
Trading Code
V
Listed Exchanges
Dalian Commodity Exchange
Dalian Commodity Exchange (DME) Dalian Commodity Exchange
Polyvinyl chloride delivery standard
Polyvinyl chloride standard product for the quality standard in line with the national standard "Suspension method of general-purpose polyvinyl chloride resin (GB/T 5761-2006)" of the SG5-type first-class product. Superior products are allowed to be delivered as substitutes, and there is no grade premium or discount between superior products and first-class products.
The Exchange recommended manufacturers recommended brands of PVC, the owner can provide "Dalian Commodity Exchange soybean 1, soybean 2, corn, linear low-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride standard warehouse receipts management approach" stipulated in the material, the delivery warehouse review and approval, can be exempted from quality inspection. Recommended manufacturers recommended grades of business qualifications and directory determined and published by the Exchange.
PVC designated delivery warehouses are divided into benchmark delivery warehouses and non-benchmark delivery warehouses, located in Guangdong Province, Shanghai, Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province, etc. The Exchange may adjust the designated delivery warehouses depending on the situation. Designated delivery warehouses directory and the premium and discount by the exchange to determine and publish.
PVC delivery products require the use of the original manufacturer or its recognized packaging, packaging bags should be marked with trademarks, product name, product standard number, net quality, name and address of the manufacturer, and identify the product model.
Packaging materials lined with plastic film bags, kraft paper bags, polypropylene composite bags or kraft paper and polypropylene composites composite bags, should ensure that the product in normal storage and transportation of packaging is not broken, the product is not contaminated, not leaking. Net weight per bag 25 ± 0.2kg, 40 bags per ton, no overflow short.
The price of PVC packaging is included in the price of PVC contract.
Fourth, the main use of PVC and the industrial chain
1. PVC profiles
Profiles, profiles is the largest field of PVC consumption in China, accounting for about 25% of the total consumption of PVC, mainly used to make windows and doors and energy-saving materials, and its application is still in the country is still a relatively large increase. In developed countries, the market share of plastic doors and windows is also high, such as Germany for 50%, France for 56%, the United States for 45%.
2. Polyvinyl chloride pipes
Among the many polyvinyl chloride products, polyvinyl chloride pipes are its second largest consumption area, accounting for about 20% of its consumption. In our country, PVC pipe is developed earlier than PE pipe and PP pipe, with many varieties, excellent performance, wide range of use, and occupies an important position in the market.
3. Polyvinyl Chloride Film
PVC film field of PVC consumption ranks third, accounting for about 10% or so. PVC and additives mixed, plasticized, the use of three-roller or four-roller calender to make the required thickness of the transparent or color film, film processing in this way, become calendered film. It can also be cut and heat-laminated to process bags, raincoats, tablecloths, curtains, inflatable toys and so on. Wide transparent film can be used for greenhouses, plastic greenhouses and ground cover. The bi-directional stretch film, the characteristics of heat shrinkage, can be used for shrink packaging.
4. PVC hard materials and sheets
PVC in the addition of stabilizers, lubricants and fillers, after mixing, with the extruder can be extruded in various calibers of hard pipe, profiled pipe, corrugated pipe, used as a downpipe, drinking water pipe, wire casing or staircase handrails. The calendered sheets are overlapped and hot pressed to make various thicknesses of rigid sheets. Plate can be cut into the desired shape, and then use PVC welding rod with hot air welding into a variety of chemical-resistant storage tanks, ducts and containers.
5.PVC general soft goods
The use of extruders can be extruded into hoses, cables, wires, etc.; the use of injection molding machines with a variety of molds, can be made into plastic sandals, soles, slippers, toys, car parts, etc..
6. Polyvinyl chloride packaging materials
Polyvinyl chloride products used for packaging is mainly a variety of containers, film and rigid sheet. pvc containers are mainly produced for mineral water, beverages, cosmetic bottles, but also used for refined oil packaging. pvc film can be used with other polymers *** extrusion production of low-cost laminated products, as well as transparent products with good barrier properties. PVC film is also used in stretch or heat shrink packaging for mattresses, cloth, toys and industrial goods.
7. PVC siding and flooring
PVC siding is mainly used to replace aluminum siding. PVC floor tiles in addition to a part of the PVC resin, the rest of the components are recycled materials, adhesives, fillers and other components, mainly used in airport terminal floors and other places of hard ground.
8. Polyvinyl chloride consumer goods
Luggage bags are made of polyvinyl chloride processing of traditional products, polyvinyl chloride is used to make a variety of imitation leather, used for luggage, sports products, such as basketball, soccer and rugby, etc.. It is also used to make belts for uniforms and specialized protective equipment. PVC fabrics for apparel are generally adsorbent fabrics (not coated), such as ponchos, baby pants, imitation leather jackets and a variety of rain boots. PVC is used in many sports and recreational products, such as toys, records and sporting goods, PVC toys are currently a large growth, due to the low cost of production of PVC toys and sporting goods, easy to mold and have an advantage.
PVC industry chain level
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