In the 18th century, physicist Coulomb discovered through experiments that the charge carried by insulated metal conductors would disappear in the atmosphere. And then physicists R?ntgen and Becquerel found that the gas in the electrolyte solution with positive or negative polarity charge particles, due to the presence of these charged particles, so that the gas has a conductive properties. Physicists Estelle, Geitler and Wilson also used the theory of atmospheric conductivity to explain the results of Coulomb's experiments. This conductive particles in the air, the physicist Faraday called "ions", "air ions" hence the name.
After more than 100 years, J. Thomson was the first to express the properties of ions by means of formulas, and at the same time established a model of positive and negative ions, then Eiseer and Geieel proved the existence of ions, that is, particles with positive and negative charges, whose diameter is slightly larger than that of a molecule. 1905 Langerin discovered a second type of ion in the atmosphere, called Langerin ions or large ions. ions called Langerin ions or large diameter charged particles, also known as heavy ions. In 1909, A. Pouer discovered a third type of ion, the medium diameter ion, called the medium ion. By the 1930s Dessauer of Germany pioneered the study of atmospheric positive and negative ion biology. He was the first to use the corona ion generator, since then the formation of the first research on the biological effects of negative ions climax, there are hundreds of papers, studies and experimental reports, proved that negative ions on the human body has a significant beneficial effect, while the positive ions on the contrary, especially on human blood pressure and metabolism has a significant destructive effect. These studies were terminated by the occurrence of World War II. Professor ALbeterPani Kragan of the University of California and his research group pioneered the microscopic research and experiments on the biological effects of ions, and pushed the research on negative air ions to the climax of the second development and use of the negative ions.Prof. Kragan did a large number of animal, plant and human experiments to demonstrate how negative ions affect the human body, plants and animals, and how they affect the human body, and how they affect the human body, plants and animals, and human beings. Professor Kragan has done a lot of experiments on human body, plants and animals to prove how negative ions affect human body, plants and animals, and how they produce various biological effects. Many researchers from all over the world have also conducted the above tests on the basis of their respective studies, and believe that negative oxygen ions have obvious biological effects. Foreign countries have developed a number of new negative ion generators for experimental research and use in air-conditioned rooms and medical and health fields.
From 1889 German scientists Elster and Gertel discovered the existence of negative air ions, the German physicist Dr. PhilipLeonard was the first to prove the efficacy of negative ions on the human body academically, to the 1902 Asamas and other affirmation of the existence of air ions of biological significance. 1903 Russian scholars published the negative air ions with the In 1903, Russian scholars published a paper on the use of negative air ions in the treatment of disease, followed in 1932 by the U.S. RCA Hamsen invented the world's first medical air anion generator, half a century, air anion research in Europe, the United States, Japan has experienced a long period of development, application stage.
In 1976 won the Geneva International Exhibition of New Inventions and Technologies Gold Medal AS series of negative oxygen ion generator
device is the use of corona discharge to generate negative ions. The structure of an anion generator is shown in Fig. 2-1
In Fig. 2-1, a DC high voltage of 3~4kV is added between the needle-like negative pole and the ring-shaped positive pole, and a corona discharge is generated at the needle-like negative pole, ionizing the air. As the electron affinity of oxygen is much larger than the electron affinity of nitrogen and other gases, so the air ionization of a large number of free electrons most of the oxygen molecules captured and the formation of negative oxygen ions. These negative oxygen ions by the negative high-pressure exclusion and leave, some are also installed in the negative pole behind the small axial fan, negative oxygen ions in the electric field and fan under the action of the wind, in the ring positive electrode gap in a steady stream of discharge, the formation of fresh air containing a large number of negative oxygen ions.
The air is mainly composed of nitrogen (78.09% of the air), oxygen (20.95% of the air) and other gases. Under normal conditions, it is neutral, but due to cosmic rays, ultraviolet rays, radiation from trace radioactive substances, as well as some physical and chemical reactions, etc., a very small number of neutral molecules (or atoms) in the air are ionized into free electrons and positive ions, and free electrons are often combined with neutral molecules to form negative ions. As a variety of gas atoms (or molecules) of the strength of the electron affinity energy is different, the affinity of the large easy to adsorb electrons to generate negative ions, nitrogen's electron affinity energy of 0 ~ 0.05 electron volts, oxygen's electron affinity energy of 1.13 ~ 1.47 electron volts, and in the lower
Atmosphere is the most abundant, so the air ionization of most of the free electrons for the oxygen molecules captured and became Negative oxygen ions, the process is as follows: [2]
But in the process of ionization there are also oxygen molecules are reduced to oxygen atoms
If the oxygen atoms and oxygen molecules again combined, then the generation of ozone
Above is the case near the electrodes of ionization anion generator .
[3]
The working principle of negative ion generator comes from corona discharge. Corona discharge is a form of self-sustained gas discharge that does not require an external ionization source to initiate and maintain the discharge. In order to maintain a stable corona discharge, a non-uniform electric field must be formed. As the voltage applied across the electrodes increases, the strength of the electric field in the space near the wire will also increase. Normally in free space, due to cosmic radiation, there are about 1000 free electrons present per cubic centimeter of air, and these free electrons are accelerated by the electric field and strike gas atoms or molecules. The acceleration of the free electrons increases with the increase of the electric field strength, and the energy accumulated by the free electrons before hitting the gas atoms or molecules also increases. When the electric field strength reaches the critical value of the gas discharge, free electrons in the impact of the energy accumulated before the impact will be enough from the gas atoms or molecules out of an electron. At this point in the wire near a small area of the air will begin to ionize, there is a non-self-sustaining discharge of the gas. Continue to increase the voltage, the ionization of the gas will intensify, the formation of a large number of electron collapse, resulting in a large number of electrons and positive and negative ions, and accompanied by the emission of a light blue glow and hissing sound, the discharge is also from the non-self-sustaining discharge into a self-sustaining discharge. This particular form of gas discharge is called corona discharge.
The unevenness of the electric field to the main ionization process is confined to the local electric field strength is very high near the electrodes, especially in the radius of curvature is very small near the electrodes or large or small thin layer, the gas luminescence also occurs only in this region, this region is called the ionization region, or called the corona layer or corona layer. Outside the region, due to the weak electric field, does not occur or rarely occurs ionization, current conduction depends on the positive ions, negative ions or electrons migration movement, so the region outside the ionization region is called the migration region or peripheral region. If only one of the two electrodes is haloed, there are essentially only charged particles of one sign in the migrating region of the discharge, in which case the current is unipolar. In this experiment, the negative ion generator to form an uneven electric field of the two electrodes are added negative high voltage corona line pole and ground electrode, the occurrence of negative corona discharge, the formation of which is the negative polarity of the corona current.
After the corona discharge, if further increase the voltage between the two electrodes, the corona area will gradually expand, the brightness and sibilance is also increasingly large. When the voltage rises to a certain value, in some discharge points can appear to radiate outward brush-like fine sparks, it is much larger than the normal range of corona area, sibilance is accompanied by cracking sound. This form of discharge is called brush discharge. Voltage continues to rise, brush sparks longer and longer, and finally will constitute a channel between the positive and negative poles, resulting in the breakdown of the gas, the voltage between the two poles will then drop sharply. According to the size of the power supply capacity, the breakdown can be manifested in the form of arc discharge, can also be manifested in the form of spark discharge.
When the power supply capacity is large enough, the gas breakdown will have a large discharge current flows through the electrode to form an arc, known as the arc discharge; if the power supply capacity is small, then the gas breakdown, the discharge current will be limited, so that it is not enough to form an arc, then the discharge will stay in the spark discharge stage. Spark discharge is a bunch of bright zigzag, often bifurcated filaments, these filaments quickly through the discharge gap, and quickly extinguished, extinguished and then produced again. The current in a spark discharge is much smaller than in an arc discharge.
In order for the generator to work properly, a certain voltage must be added between the electrodes to form a corona discharge. The formation of corona discharge of the lowest voltage called corona voltage. At this time, as the air is ionized and a large number of ions, under the action of the voltage will have a certain corona current flow, the corona current will increase with the rise in voltage. Of course, due to the presence of free electrons in the air, even when the added voltage is much smaller than the corona voltage, the electrode will also be due to the flow of free electrons and the formation of current, but the number of these free electrons is not large, the formation of the current and the corona current is insignificant compared to. [4]
An important technical indicator of negative oxygen ion generators is the concentration of negative oxygen ions. Generally in the generator manual
The concentration value is indicated in the negative oxygen ion generator directly in front of the 20 cm in the air in the negative oxygen ion
The concentration is greater than or less than 20 centimeters at the concentration is not the same, so the concentration of negative oxygen ions must be
Theoretical calculations and testing. The negative oxygen ion stream discharged from the negative oxygen ion generator contains the conduction current
and the transport current, that is
(2) is brought into (1) to get
Using Gaussian theorem
Now discussing the one-dimensional steady state system where oxygen ions are moving at a constant velocity, since
(4) becomes
(5) there is an exponential decay solution
Because
Therefore, the anion concentration is
The results show that the anion concentration n of the steady state system decreases exponentially with the distance from the needle anode,
as shown in Fig. 2-2, and the experimental observations are in accordance with the theoretical calculations.
The article discusses in detail the effect of temperature and humidity variations on the negative ion concentration by simulating the temperature and humidity under natural conditions and continuously testing the air negative ion concentration for several months. The intensity of rays from the environment at the same location remained essentially constant, i.e. only temperature and humidity varied in the experimental environment .
The negative ion generator generally consists of the body, corona wire emission end, grounding end, and power input end.
As shown in Figure 1, the AC voltage through the buck, rectifier, filter, become DC, and then through the oscillator, amplifier circuits, switching tubes, through the high-voltage magnetic packages to control the discharge electrode needle to produce negative ions. High-voltage magnetic package that is a high-frequency transformer, high-voltage package of high-voltage silicon pile of its inverter voltage rectification, so its output is rectified DC. Where the inverter current is a kind of AC, the transformer's energy storage and release of energy when the current direction is opposite. The current is called DC when the direction of the current is fixed and does not change. Inverter has a single-ended, bridge type several kinds of single-ended forward excitation, single-ended flyback, half-bridge, full-bridge and so on.
Body: It is a high-voltage insulator made of plastic material as the shell and encapsulated with flame-retardant epoxy resin. The body shell is usually used PBT (polybutylene terephthalate cool) or PEI (polyethylene ether) injection molding, the material must be resistant to high temperatures of more than 200 ℃, flame retardant insulation.
Corona wire launching end: usually use metal pins or carbon fiber.
Grounding end: Copper is used to connect with the ground.
Power input: power supply wire.
The above figure is a high-efficiency open negative ion generator, which adopts SCR inverter high voltage, suspended discharge needle, simple structure, good effect, safe and reliable. Utility voltage in the 160V ~ 250V can work normally, and power consumption is very provincial, only 1W or so, so it can be long-term continuous work.
220V utility by VD1, VD2 and R1, R2 rectifier, current limiting, one-way pulsating current control VS on and off, generating oscillation, by the transformer T boosted by VD3 rectifier to get about 10,000 volts of negative high pressure, the discharge by the discharge to the air discharge, resulting in ionization, generating negative ions.
High-voltage magnetic package due to the generation of high-pressure, high-temperature, very easy to produce sparks, easy to break through the surrounding electronic components, so here using Tenon (Teflon) encapsulated high-voltage magnetic package. High-voltage magnetic package outside the epoxy resin containing flame-retardant heat-resistant resin or plastic powder containing Petri dish ao (urethane) resin pouring treatment. PCB welding (Soldering) surface is covered by plastic powder at the same time to fill the insulating gap part; the gap part of the flame-retardant epoxy resin sealing, to avoid mutual interference between the circuit components to improve the service life of the circuit components.
China has its own high-end negative ion patented technology: negative ion converter technology, nano fullerene releaser technology, making negative oxygen ion in the medical treatment has become a kind of auxiliary means of medical treatment.
Negative ion converter is applied to negative ion generating equipment on the turn of a special part, can make the equipment to produce small particle size air negative ions that light ions, small particle size negative ions have high kinetic energy, high activity characteristics, there is a large migration distance and speed, in the absence of fan blowing the negative oxygen ions can also be covered to 4-5 meters.
Fullerene is the use of nanotechnology manufacturing of electrocatalytic materials, is a material close to superconductivity, that is, the resistance is almost equal to zero, in the electric ions through the material, it will produce a strong *** vibration benefit, and therefore the extreme use of ions free precipitation, so unlike the traditional ionic release of the material (ordinary carbon fiber metal, etc.) need a very strong current. Only a relatively weak current can release a large dose, high purity, high activity, small particle size of negative ions.
Taobao a brand of negative oxygen ion generator as an example
You can see that it has a -40kv output voltage and <20w output power.