Basic Medical Knowledge Past Exam Questions (558)-2020 Tianjin Medical Healthcare
1. The following are stable cells:
A. Epidermal cells
B. Mesothelial cells
C. Hepatocytes
D. Neuronal cells
2. The following cells have the strongest regenerative capacity:
E. Cardiac muscle cells
2. >
E. cardiomyocyte
2. The following cells have the greatest regenerative capacity:
A. osteocyte
B. skeletal muscle cell
C. chondrocyte
D. neuronal cell
E. cardiomyocyte
3. The following descriptions of the sarcomere are incorrect:
A. consists of endothelial cells and fibroblasts
B. bleeds easily and has obvious pain sensation
C. protects the wound by resisting infection
D. forms scar tissue after the alteration is matured
E. has an inflammatory cell infiltration
4. Granulation tissue is a fibrous connective tissue composed of neonatal thin-walled capillaries as well as proliferating fibroblasts with an inflammatory cell infiltration. With inflammatory cell infiltration, the following is not the role of granulation tissue:
A. anti-infection to protect the wound
B. fill the wound
C. make the wound contraction
D. wrapping
E. mechanization
5. The following factors affecting the healing of wounds belong to the systemic factors are:
A. Infection and Foreign body
B. Bruising
C. Vitamin C
D. Innervation
E. Ionizing radiation
6. Healing is divided into one-stage healing and two-stage healing according to the extent of the injury, and the following are the characteristics of two-stage healing:
A. Fewer tissue defects, neat margins
B. Less scar formation
C. a short period of time
D. a wound that is accompanied by heavy inflammation with infection
E. no infection
Reference Answers and Explanations
1. Reference Answer C. Explanation:(1) The question is about the knowledge of Pathology - Repair of Injury - Regeneration. (2)Cells are divided into three categories according to the strength of their regenerative capacity: unstable cells, stable cells and permanent cells. ① unstable cells: also known as continuously dividing cells, cells are constantly dividing, the strongest dividing ability, such as epidermal cells (A wrong), respiratory and digestive tract mucosal coated cells, male and female reproductive organs lumen of the coated cells, lymphatic and hematopoietic cells, mesothelial cells (B wrong), etc.; ② stable cells: also known as quiescent cells. In physiological conditions, this type of cell proliferation phenomenon is not obvious, in the cell proliferation cycle in the quiescent period, but by the stimulation of tissue damage shows a strong regenerative capacity, including a variety of glands or adenoid organs of the parenchymal cells, such as the liver (C, right), pancreas, salivary glands, endocrine glands, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and epithelial cells of the renal tubule, etc.; (3) permanent cells: also known as non-dividing cells. These cells have no ability to divide. Such as nerve cells (D wrong), skeletal muscle cells and cardiomyocytes (E wrong).
2. (2)Cells are divided into three categories according to the strength of their regenerative capacity: unstable cells (strong), stable cells (stronger) and permanent cells (none). ① unstable cells: the strongest ability to divide, such as epidermal cells, respiratory and digestive tract mucosal coated cells, male and female reproductive organs lumen coated cells, lymphatic and hematopoietic cells, mesothelial cells, etc.; ② stable cells: normal physiological situation of the division of the ability to be inconspicuous, but by the stimulation of tissue damage showed strong regenerative ability, including a variety of glands or glandular organs parenchymal cells, such as the liver, pancreas, Salivary glands, endocrine glands, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, epithelial cells of the renal tubules, bone cells, chondrocytes, etc., of which the bone cells have a very strong ability to divide (A is right) and the chondrocytes are very weak (C is wrong); ③ permanent cells: these cells have no ability to divide. Such as nerve cells (D wrong), skeletal muscle cells (B wrong) and cardiomyocytes (E wrong). Therefore, this question choose A.
3. Reference answer B. Analysis:(1)The question is about the knowledge of pathology-repair of injury-granulation tissue morphology and role. (2)① morphology and characteristics: granulation tissue consists of newborn thin-walled capillaries (the main component is endothelial cells) and proliferation of fibroblasts (A wrong), with inflammatory cell infiltration (E wrong), the naked eye manifestation of bright red, easy to hemorrhage but painless (B right), granular, soft, moist, resembling a tender sprout, hence the name; ② role and end: anti-infective protection of wounds (C wrong), fill the Wounds and other tissue defects, mechanized or wrapped necrosis, thrombus, inflammatory exudate and other foreign bodies; ③ development: granulation tissue by alteration and maturation, the formation of fibrous connective tissue called scar tissue (D wrong).
4. (2)Granulation tissue has the following important roles in the process of tissue injury repair:①anti-infection to protect the wound(A wrong);②filling the wound and other tissue defects(B wrong);③mechanization(E wrong) or encapsulation(D wrong) of necrotic, thrombotic, inflammatory exudates and other foreign bodies. There is no role of contraction (C right). Therefore, this question C.
5. Reference answer C. Analysis:(1)The question is about pathology-repair of injury-trauma healing. (2)Factors affecting trauma healing include both systemic and local aspects. (1) systemic factors: age, nutrition (such as vitamins, C right), endocrine, drugs, etc.; (2) local factors: infection and foreign body (A wrong), local blood circulation (including bruising and congestion, B wrong), innervation (D wrong), ionizing radiation (E wrong). Therefore, this question is C.
6. Reference answer D. Analysis:(1)The question is about pathology-repair of injury-trauma healing. (2)According to the degree of injury and the presence or absence of infection, trauma healing can be categorized into the following two types. ① Phase I healing: seen in wounds with little tissue loss, neat margins, no infection, and tight wound closure after adhesion or suturing; ②. Second-phase healing: in the larger tissue defects, the margins of the wound is not neat (A wrong), do open, can not be neatly aligned, or with heavy inflammation and infection of the wound (D, E wrong), the formation of scarring more (B wrong), longer (C wrong). Therefore, choose D for this question.