High-power transistors, rectifiers and solar cells made of silicon single crystal doped with specific trace impurities are better than those made of germanium single crystal. The research of amorphous silicon solar cells has made rapid progress, and the conversion rate has reached more than 8%. The maximum service temperature of the silicon-molybdenum rod electric heating element can reach 1700℃, which has the advantages of not aging easily and good oxidation resistance. Trichlorosilane produced from silicon can be used to prepare hundreds of silicone lubricants and waterproof compounds.
In addition, silicon carbide can be used as abrasive, and quartz tube made of high-purity silicon oxide is an important material for high-purity metal smelting and lighting lamps. Paper in the 1980s-Silicon People call silicon "paper in the 1980s". This is because paper can only record information, while silicon can not only record information, but also process information to obtain new information.
1945 The world's first electronic computer was equipped with 18000 electron tubes, 70000 resistors and 10000 capacitors. The whole machine weighs 30 tons and covers an area of 170 square meters, which is equivalent to the size of 10 house. Nowadays, due to the progress of technology and the improvement of materials, electronic computers can accommodate tens of thousands of transistors on a silicon wafer the size of a fingernail; It has a series of functions such as inputting, outputting, operating, storing and controlling information. Microporous calcium silicate insulation material Microporous calcium silicate insulation material is an excellent insulation material.
It has the characteristics of small heat capacity, high mechanical strength, low thermal conductivity, non-combustion, non-toxic and tasteless, cutting and convenient transportation, and can be widely used in various thermal equipment and pipelines such as metallurgy, electric power, chemical industry and ships. After testing, the energy-saving benefit is better than asbestos, cement, vermiculite and cement perlite. Special calcium silicate material can be used as catalyst carrier, which is widely used in petroleum refining and automobile exhaust purification.
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The composition of metallic silicon is mainly silicon, so it has similar properties with silicon. There are two allotropes of silicon: amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon. Amorphous silicon is a gray-black powder, which is actually a kind of microcrystal. Crystalline silicon has diamond crystal structure and semiconductor properties, melting point 14 10℃, boiling point 2355℃, Mohs hardness 7 and brittleness.
Amorphous silicon is chemically active and will burn violently in oxygen. It can react with nonmetals such as halogen, nitrogen and carbon at high temperature, and can also react with metals such as magnesium, calcium and iron to form silicide. Amorphous silicon is almost insoluble in all inorganic acids and organic acids including hydrofluoric acid, but soluble in mixed acids of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
Concentrated sodium hydroxide solution can dissolve amorphous silicon and release hydrogen. Crystalline silicon is relatively inactive and does not combine with oxygen even at high temperature. Insoluble in any inorganic acid and organic acid, soluble in mixed acid of nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid and concentrated sodium hydroxide solution.
Baidu encyclopedia-metal silicon