Every aspect of Bolivia

Country name: Republic of Bolivia.

National flag: rectangular, with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. From top to bottom, it consists of three parallel and equal horizontal rectangles of red, yellow and green, and the center of the yellow part is the national emblem pattern. The original intention is: red symbolizes dedication to the country, yellow represents the future and hope, and green symbolizes the holy land. Now these three colors represent the main resources of the country: red represents animals, yellow represents minerals and green represents plants. The national flag without the national emblem is used in general occasions.

National emblem: the center is oval, and the circular surface has patterns such as the sun, peaks, bread trees, alpacas and grains. There are nine five-pointed stars at the bottom of the circle, representing the nine provinces that make up Bolivia; The first half says "Bolivia" in Spanish. Three national flags are hung on each side of the ellipse; The back is crossed with sticks and weapons, symbolizing authority; There is a "freedom hat" at the top of the left beam. At the top of the oval is a big vulture called vulture, which symbolizes strength and freedom. The eagle is decorated with laurel branches and olive branches on both sides, which represents the pride of the people of this country in national freedom and the desire to live in harmony with the people of other countries.

Independence Day is National Day: August 6th (1825).

State dignitaries: President Evo Morales was elected on June 38, 2005+February 2005, and was sworn in on June 38, 2006+10 for a five-year term. Holman Diez, Speaker of the Senate, and Mario Corso Cortes, Speaker of the House of Representatives, were elected in August 2002.

Physical geography: area 109858 1 km2. A landlocked country in central South America. It borders Chile and Peru in the west and Argentina and Paraguay in the south. Brazil borders on the east and north. Most of the east and northeast are Amazon alluvial plains, accounting for about 3/5 of the country's area and sparsely populated. The central part is a valley area with developed agriculture, where many big cities are concentrated. To the west is the famous Bolivian Plateau. The altitude is above 1000 meters. It has a mild climate.

Population: over 8 million (65438+February 2005). Indians account for 54%, Indo-European mixed blood accounts for 3 1%, and whites account for 15%. The official language is Spanish, and the main national languages are Quechua and Aymara. 92.5% of the residents believe in Roman Catholicism, and the rest believe in Methodism and Jesus.

Capital: seat of government and parliament: La Paz, with a population of 794,000 (200 1), with an altitude of 3,627 meters and an annual average temperature of 14℃. Legal capital (seat of the Supreme Court): Sucre, with a population of 265,438+0.6 million (2006,5438+0) and an annual average temperature of 265,438+0.8℃.

Brief history:13rd century was once a part of the Inca Empire. 1538 became a Spanish colony and was called Peru. Under the leadership of Simó n Bolí var and Sucre, the Bolivian people gained independence on August 6th, 1825. In memory of the national hero Simon Bolí var, it was named Bolí var * * * and later changed to its current name. In 160 years after independence, there were many coups in 190 years, and nearly 70 presidents were replaced. Bolivia and Peru formed a federation. 1866 After a border dispute with Chile, it lost its territory south of 24 degrees south latitude. 1883 was defeated in the "Pacific War" and ceded a large area of saltpeter mining area and coastal Antofagasta province to Chile and became a landlocked country. 1928, Mobil Oil Company and Anglo-Dutch Shell Oil Company fought a "grain-making war" between Bolivia and Paraguay, which lasted for 10 years. After Bolivia's defeat, 1938 signed a peace treaty, and only 1/4 of Fugu territory was allocated. 1952 After the People's Armed Uprising in April, Estenssoro and siles, leaders of the nationalist revolutionary movement, successively became presidents. In the meantime, the government nationalized mining companies controlled by Anglo-American monopoly capital, implemented land reform and established universal suffrage. 1964 was overthrown by a military coup. 1970 when general Torres came to power, he withdrew the franchise of American mining companies and cancelled the American military base. 1983 restore democracy.

Politics: According to the Constitution promulgated by 1826 and amended by 1967 and 1994, the state system is * * *, and the president and vice president are directly elected. The president's term of office is five years, and he cannot be re-elected, but he can be elected every other term; The vice president shall not be elected president or vice president in the next term. The National Assembly is the highest power and legislative body of the country, and the Cabinet is the executive body of the government. The president is the head of state and government, enjoys executive power, directly leads the cabinet and appoints its members.

Judiciary: It consists of the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court and local courts. Both the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Court are located in Sucre. The Supreme Court has 65,438+02 judges, who are elected by a two-thirds majority of members of Congress. The Constitutional Court has five judges, who are elected by a two-thirds majority of the members of Congress for a term of 65,438+00 years.

Economy: Bolivia is rich in mineral resources, mainly tin, antimony, tungsten, silver, zinc, lead, copper, nickel, iron and gold. Tin reserves1150,000 tons, and iron reserves are about 45 billion tons, second only to Brazil in Latin America. The proven oil reserves are 929 million barrels and natural gas reserves are 52.3 trillion cubic feet. The forest covers an area of 500,000 square kilometers, accounting for 48% of the land area. Bolivia is a world-famous exporter of mineral products, with underdeveloped industries, and its agricultural and livestock products can meet most of the domestic demand, making it one of the poorest countries in South America. Successive governments carried out neo-liberal economic policies, stabilized the macro-economy, adjusted the economic structure, reduced state intervention, and capitalized major state-owned enterprises (that is, privatized) through legislation. Economic reform has achieved certain results, the national economy has maintained a certain growth, and inflation has been curbed.

Press and publication: The main newspapers are Daily, Responsibility, Reason, Time and Current Situation (sponsored by the Catholic Church). There are 259 radio stations, of which 132 are located in cities and 127 are located in rural areas. Most of them are commercial radio stations and broadcast in Spanish, Aymara and Quechua. The national television station was established in 1964, with relay stations in seven provinces including La Paz. There are also 9 private TV stations and 3 cable and satellite TV stations.

Diplomacy: Pursue an independent, peaceful and non-aligned foreign policy, safeguard national independence and sovereignty, and adhere to the principles of equality among countries, self-determination of people, non-interference in other countries' internal affairs, peaceful settlement of international disputes, and safeguarding international law.

Relations with China:1On July 9, 985, Bolivia established diplomatic relations with China.

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