(1) The number of special personnel is not specified
1) The Regulations on the Administration of Safety Production License of Construction Enterprises lists "special operators have passed the examination of relevant competent departments and obtained the qualification certificate for special operations" as one of the necessary safety production conditions for construction enterprises to obtain safety production licenses. However, because there is no specific type of work and quantity, the construction administrative department will examine and approve the application as long as the enterprise has the materials in this field and there is no shortage of items. In order to obtain a safety production license, some enterprises let managers go to training and examination to obtain qualification certificates; Because the qualification certificate does not specify the name of the enterprise, some enterprises temporarily borrow the qualification certificate of others and sign a temporary labor contract. The enterprise has not really recruited a group of special personnel with certificates and signed labor contracts, resulting in no special personnel engaged in operations on the construction site belonging to the enterprise itself, and there is a serious shortage of special personnel on the construction site.
2) The Regulations of Hangzhou Municipality on Construction Safety Management stipulates that when the construction unit handles the safety supervision procedures of construction projects, it is necessary to provide a list of special personnel and qualification certification materials. However, due to the lack of specific regulations on the type of work and quantity of special personnel, only a few copies of qualification certificates are symbolically provided in the actual operation process, which is out of touch with the actual construction project, unable to meet the needs of on-site construction and unable to play the role of pre-check.
(2) Pre-job training assessment is not implemented. On the one hand, due to the high mobility of construction workers, enterprises or project departments are unwilling to invest training fees for special personnel training or continuing education, fearing that they will leave their jobs after obtaining qualification certificates; On the other hand, due to the heavy on-site construction task, some construction workers did not participate in the pre-test training of basic knowledge of safety production, professional basic knowledge, professional technical theory and actual on-site operation skills in strict accordance with the requirements of the safety technical assessment outline and safety operation skills assessment standard for special operators in construction, so they directly took the exam, which not only led to a low pass rate, but also failed to master certain theoretical knowledge of safety technology or working principle of mechanical equipment. Those who have obtained the qualification certificate are paid according to the working hours, so they can't go to work if they want to participate in the training, so they are unwilling to participate in continuing education and training. When the two-year validity period of the qualification certificate is coming, I have to participate in continuing education and training. Safety education and training are not implemented, resulting in more "three violations" of special personnel's operations, which has buried hidden dangers of accidents.
(3) The site safety management is not in place. The author makes statistics on the indirect causes of 3 accidents of formwork collapse and hoisting machinery injuries of larger and higher grades since 25, and finds that there are 17 cases, accounting for 56.67%, due to the lack of safety technical disclosure or education and training of special personnel, accounting for 43.33%.
1) Special personnel shall work without a license. The general contracting enterprise on the construction site failed to establish a special personnel management and audit system according to the regulations, and implemented a special person to manage the qualification certificate, and did not carefully review the qualification certificate of special personnel provided by subcontractors; The supervision unit did not strictly check the original qualification certificate and ID card, and carried out the "consistency of witness" audit. Many special personnel engage in special operations with "cloned" qualification certificates. A real certificate number generates certificates with the same name, the same number and different photos, or certificates with the same number and different names. When I was standing in the supervision and inspection, I found that the qualification certificates with the same name, the same license number, different jobs and different photos appeared in four construction sites. Although every province has established an information inquiry system for qualification certificates of special personnel in construction, there is no unified information inquiry platform in the whole country, so it is impossible to verify and distinguish the authenticity of the qualification certificates of special personnel of some enterprises outside the province. The proliferation of false certificates has caused the situation that the actual undocumented special personnel are engaged in special operations to be very serious, which eventually leads to accidents.
2) No safety technical disclosure was made. Before temporary electricity utilization, welding operation, formwork erection, dismantling and use of hoisting machinery, special personnel engaged in the operation were not given safety technical disclosure on special construction scheme, possible unsafe factors in workplace or post, correct use of safety facilities, appliances and labor protection articles they contacted, operating rules and technical specifications to be observed, safety matters to be paid attention to in operation and emergency rescue measures to be taken in time after accidents, and special personnel commanded, operated and violated regulations.
2. Management countermeasures
(1) Construction units should strengthen the management of special personnel. Enterprises should actively carry out the standardization construction of safety production management, incorporate special operations personnel into enterprise employee management, sign labor contracts, establish special personnel management files, pay social insurance such as pension, work injury and medical care for them, organize free health checkups every year, enjoy the same welfare benefits as enterprise employees, ensure the stability of the special operations personnel team, and reduce the flow of personnel. Formulate and implement the safety operation rules and relevant safety education and training systems for special personnel, organize special personnel to participate in annual safety education and training or continuing education as planned, and pay them according to their normal work when they participate in safety education and training or continuing education and training, so as to improve their enthusiasm for training.
(2) the project department strengthens the management of special personnel. The construction project department should be equipped with full-time safety management personnel to manage the special personnel of the enterprise or subcontractors, and make written safety technical disclosure to the special personnel in combination with the actual situation of the construction site to inform the special personnel of the dangers of illegal operation, provide complete and qualified safety labor protection articles and conditions for safe operation to the special operators, and pay the accidental injury insurance for special personnel; According to the requirements of Zhejiang construction site management ledger, the registration form of special personnel and operation qualification certificates is established, and the safety technical disclosure system for special personnel before taking up their posts is strictly implemented. Three months before the expiration of the validity period, it is reported to the enterprise in time to apply for extension review procedures to ensure that the certificates are within the validity period.
for those who have obtained the qualification certificate for the first time, they should arrange internship operation for at least 3 months before they formally take up their posts. Template support must be set up by a professional scaffolder who has obtained the qualification certificate of special personnel, and carpentry is strictly prohibited. The general contractor is encouraged to subcontract the dismantling and maintenance of formwork supports, scaffolding and lifting machinery to professional contractors with corresponding qualifications, such as formwork scaffolding and lifting machinery installation, strengthen the examination of the qualification certificates of special personnel provided by subcontractors, and prohibit illegal subcontracting to unqualified "contractors".
(3) Supervision units should strengthen the examination of certificates. Supervision units should be equipped with safety professional supervision engineers. In strict accordance with the supervision norms and working standards, they should establish a certificate-based inspection system for special personnel. When examining the qualifications of the general contractor and subcontractors such as scaffolding erection and hoisting machinery dismantling, or checking, patrolling and standing by the construction site, they should check the original certificates of scaffolder, welder, crane driver and dismantling workers, and check their identity cards. Check the "consistency of person and certificate", and log in to the special personnel qualification certificate inquiry system to verify its authenticity, ensure the consistency of person and certificate, and put an end to the phenomenon that special personnel work without a license or with a false certificate.
(4) The competent government departments should strengthen supervision and management
1) Innovate the training and assessment system with certificates. On the one hand, in strict accordance with the requirements of the safety technology assessment outline and safety operation skills assessment standards for special personnel in construction, the pre-test training of basic knowledge of safety production, professional basic knowledge, professional technical theory and practical on-site operation skills was strengthened to ensure the necessary training hours, and the participation in the training was converted into a certain percentage score and included in the final total score. On the other hand, the provincial construction administrative department devolves the training rights of safety technology theory and practical operation skills of special personnel to cities, and the municipal construction administrative department is fully responsible for the training and assessment of safety technology theory and safety operation skills of special personnel in this city, continuing education, deferred review and certificate issuance, and at the same time, the number of training and assessment is appropriately increased every year to meet the actual construction needs of enterprises and sites.
2) Improve the management of special personnel qualification certificates. Refer to the version of full-time safety management personnel assessment certificate, add the column of work unit to the qualification certificate, and indicate the name of work unit. The work unit on the qualification certificate of special personnel must be consistent with the enterprise that signed the labor contract and paid social security, so as to avoid the random flow of personnel and the copying and borrowing of qualification certificates everywhere. The establishment of special personnel registration system, special personnel work unit changes, with reference to the "three types of personnel" qualification certificate change procedures, need to apply to the construction administrative department of the enterprise registration for registration unit change procedures. Establish a national unified information inquiry platform for qualification certificates of special construction personnel, which is convenient for enterprises and government departments to inquire about the authenticity of certificates during qualification examination, and verify the authenticity on the national unified information inquiry platform for qualification certificates of special construction personnel, which is universal throughout the country.
3) Strict qualification examination and credit management. Revise and improve the application conditions for the safety production license of construction enterprises, increase the requirements for the types and quantity of special personnel, provide labor contracts and social security certificates, and strictly review the safety production conditions of enterprises. The type of work, quantity allocation, contract signing and continuing education of special personnel in construction enterprises are included in the enterprise credit evaluation index, which is directly linked to the enterprise credit rating. As an important basis for bidding and qualification examination and approval, the credit evaluation results list enterprises with poor credit rating in the "blacklist" of safety production, and restrict them in land use examination and approval, bank loans, insurance rates and financial awards.
4) strengthen the management of special personnel on the construction site. On the one hand, special personnel will be brought into the project safety assurance system for management. Drawing on the experience of Shanghai and Hebei, the unified national regulations on the number of special personnel in construction sites have been issued. Electricians, welders and scaffolders in housing construction projects and municipal infrastructure projects can use the construction area or project cost as a benchmark, and crane operators, signal operators and drivers can use the number of equipment as a benchmark to put forward the corresponding minimum allocation standards for special personnel and standardize the number of special personnel in construction sites. On the other hand, the information database of special personnel on the construction site shall be established. When the enterprise handles the safety supervision, the notification of dismantling of hoisting machinery and the use registration procedures, the qualification certificates, labor contracts and social security certificates of special personnel such as electricians, scaffolders, dismantling of hoisting machinery and drivers shall be strictly examined, and the information of special personnel shall be entered into the database. Once it is put on record, it shall be locked and managed, and it shall not be changed without authorization. In the process of construction, it is really necessary to change, in strict accordance with the requirements of the project management personnel change procedures, special personnel change procedures, strengthen the management of special personnel from the source.
5) Strengthen supervision, inspection and punishment. The government's safety supervision and management departments continue to carry out the investigation and management of potential safety hazards and the special action of "cracking down on illegal activities", and severely crack down on the unlicensed work of special personnel. Strengthen the supervision and inspection of on-site special personnel, randomly check the names, ID cards and qualification certificates of scaffolder, welder of electric welding operation, dismantling worker of hoisting machinery, driver and cable worker of signal company, and order them to make corrections in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations if they find inconsistencies or take up their posts without a license. If they fail to make corrections within the time limit, they shall be ordered to stop work for rectification, and report to the superior construction administrative department for withholding, revoking and canceling the qualification certificate of special personnel according to relevant regulations. The qualification licensing authority shall not approve the application for upgrading the qualification of construction enterprises and adding items in the case of undocumented employment for special operations.
6) Promote the industrialization of new buildings and the application of new technologies. On the one hand, we will promote the aluminum alloy stereotyped and assembled formwork, socket-type plate-buckle, portal-type, attached lifting and other tool-type steel pipe scaffolding and new building industrialization such as assembled concrete structures, and reduce special working procedures and special personnel such as on-site support erection; On the other hand, we will actively promote the use of three information technology boot modes, namely IC card of crane driver, fingerprint and face recognition, so as to gradually eliminate the phenomenon of unauthorized operation of crane by non-special personnel and prevent production safety accidents caused by human misoperation.
3. Conclusion
The occurrence of safety accidents in construction production can not be separated from the five factors of "people, machinery, materials, law and environment", among which "people" is the key factor, and special personnel are particularly important. In 214, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development newly issued the Qualification Standard for Construction Enterprises, which regards construction professionals as enterprise skilled workers, and puts forward corresponding requirements for the types of special operations and the number of personnel for different majors and qualification levels, which will further promote enterprises to implement the main management responsibility, strengthen the management and education and training of special personnel, continuously improve the quality of special personnel, put an end to the phenomena of illegal command, illegal operation and violation of labor discipline, and reduce the production caused by human factors such as "three violations" of special personnel.
for more information about the engineering/service/procurement bidding, and to improve the winning rate, you can click on the bottom of official website Customer Service for free consultation:/#/? source=bdzd