Hospitals are medical institutions that provide medical care services, and a high concentration of personnel is inevitable. In the event of a fire, personnel timely evacuation is difficult, which is both the characteristics of fire safety management of hospital high-rise buildings, but also the difficulties of its management.
1) high population density. For hospitals, high-rise buildings are generally outpatient buildings and inpatient departments, building a large area of a single unit. In the hospital, there are people in the hospital, treatment, accompanied by various types of people, visiting, but also the hospital work of medical personnel, institutional logistics personnel, once the fire, the evacuation of personnel is difficult.
2) vulnerable groups. Hospitals are resident in more patients and nursing family members, and these patients are poor self-care ability, self-protection ability is low, once the fire, it is easy to fall, trampling, burns and even death and other hazards.
3) medical equipment. In order to meet the growing demand for health care, in order to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of hospitals, hospitals to introduce domestic and foreign advanced medical equipment more and more. These equipment is expensive, once the fire, heavy medical equipment rescue difficult, will cause huge property losses to the hospital.
2 Strengthen the necessity of fire safety management of hospital high-rise buildings
1) fire hazards. Hospital buildings in order to meet the medical needs, the internal structure is more complex, diagnosis and treatment of electrical equipment is diverse, in the diagnosis and treatment process of a variety of flammable and explosive substances are used in large quantities, some medical equipment, special, long time requirements (24 hours) power supply operation, coupled with insufficient capital investment, resulting in the operation of fire safety management work constraints. Any good management operation mode can not be separated from adequate financial security. Due to the expansion of the hospital, beds and the number of people continue to increase, the funding gap is large, resulting in fire management, "no rice to cook", so that the normal operation of fire management constraints, so there is a hidden danger of fire.
2) personnel evacuation difficulties. Once the fire, how to evacuate people in a short period of time is crucial. Hospitals are concentrated, most of the patients have difficulty moving, hospitals, high-rise buildings, long evacuation distances, complex building structures, thus increasing the difficulty of evacuation and transfer, it is easy to fall, stampede, burns and even death and other hazards.
3) the rapid spread of fire. High-rise buildings due to structural needs, there are usually vertical connectivity stairwells, elevator shafts, pipe shafts, air ducts, cable shafts and other vertical shafts, if a fire, fire doors are not closed in time, vertical shafts will form a chimney effect, the smoke up to 6-8m / s, so that the fire spreads rapidly on all levels, which can lead to serious results.
3 to strengthen the hospital high-rise building fire safety management countermeasures
Hospital fire safety is related to the patients and hospital staff life and property safety, the hospital must take effective fire safety management measures, establish "safety first, prevention first" idea, prevention is better than cure.
3.1 sound system, strengthen the implementation
Strengthen the management system, grasp the preventive work, and elevate it to an important part of the safety management work, as one of the hospital's performance appraisal indexes, so that the fire safety work is normalized, systematized to achieve the management of all people, layer by layer management, "eliminate" and "prevent" combination. "Prevention" combined with a good situation. First, the sound implementation of the "four-level" management system. Hospital departments to implement the "who is in charge, who is responsible for" principle, and at the same time to carry out the "four-level" management system, that is, hospitals, departments, teams, individuals at four levels. In the implementation of the management system, the hospital in charge of security leaders to organize a monthly relevant functional departments of the hospital's safety inspection, the department responsible for the room at least once a week to carry out security self-check, the person in charge of the team every day to check the area of responsibility, the individual daily shift handover on their own responsibility such as materials, equipment, power off the safety inspection. Second, improve the daily inspection system. Focus on daily inspection, daily work, strengthen the regular and irregular inspection efforts, in the fire safety inspection, require inspectors to do a good job checking records, extract good image data, do a good job collecting evidence. Hidden dangers found, coordinate the relevant departments to rectify, to implement the rectifier, rectification time, the implementation of the rectification results of the inspector. Third, the establishment of a sound fire protection facilities regular warranty maintenance system. Ensure the integrity of fire protection facilities, so that they can operate normally, is an important part of fire management work. Hospital high-rise buildings and their ancillary facilities continue to discount the old, for its fire protection facilities, should be regularly inspected and timely maintenance. In particular, automatic fire alarm and sprinkler system, smoke evacuation system, emergency evacuation system, fire doors, fire shutters and fire hydrants, etc., should have a professional, qualified fire protection company for weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly regular and rigorous inspection, while the results of the inspection will be reported to the hospital's safety and security departments, the hidden dangers found to be repaired in a timely manner, the establishment of a file to record the situation of each inspection, to ensure that the system equipment for normal operation.
3.2 Do a good job of training, improve skills
One of them, do a good job of propaganda and education of fire knowledge, enhance fire safety awareness. Publicity and education is an important way to enhance fire safety awareness, should use a variety of media to publicize three-dimensional, close to the actual, close to life, close to the masses, close to the actual, highlighting the relevance; close to life, highlighting the richness; close to the masses, highlighting the effectiveness. Second, emphasize job skills training. According to the "Chinese People's *** and the State Fire Law" of the relevant provisions of the fire control room operators must undergo fire professional training, after the examination and qualification, to obtain a certificate of competency, in order to be licensed; fire staff should be familiar with all types of fire equipment, such as, fire extinguishing, etc., the basic principles, performance and methods of use, proficiency in its operating techniques, know how to remove its general faults, to ensure that the normal use of the equipment. Thirdly, we attach importance to the training of volunteer firefighters. Third, pay attention to the volunteer firefighters drill. Emphasis on the establishment of volunteer firefighting team, the implementation of personnel, emergency evacuation of volunteer firefighters training and drills, so that each volunteer firefighters are familiar with the plan procedures, clear their duties and obligations, will guide the evacuation of patients, will extinguish the incipient fire. For example, the major fire accidents in hospitals at home and abroad as a negative example, to carry out warning education, through publicity and education so that health care workers from "I want me to be safe" to "I will be safe" so as to effectively reduce and eliminate the occurrence of fire accidents.
3.3 develop plans, set measures
Hospitals should organize relevant personnel to prepare fire emergency plans, plans to highlight the emergency evacuation plan, and organize experts to review the plan, the formation of a mature and feasible plan. In developing the emergency evacuation plan, the mobility of patients must be considered. Specifically, the main contents of the plan are: first, marking signage, setting up evacuation route instruction charts in each room and in the obvious position of the evacuation channel on each floor, marking the direction of evacuation in case of fire, and at the same time, pointing signs on each floor are complete, and the emergency lighting can be turned on. Second, set up evacuation procedures scientifically. Strengthen the fire evacuation procedures for patients and accompanying staff. If an emergency occurs, for patients who can not walk normally should be in the organization of medical staff to enter the floor refuge area to temporarily hide, waiting for rescue, and appease the patient's emotions; for patients who can walk normally should be in the lead of medical staff, orderly evacuation from the evacuation stairs. Third, strengthen the emergency evacuation plan procedures for health care workers and volunteer firefighters training and drills, so that each health care worker is familiar with the plan procedures, clear their own duties and obligations, will guide the evacuation of patients, will extinguish the incipient fire. Fourth, rational division of labor. The establishment of fire emergency organizational system, the implementation of the command team, action team, rescue team, liaison team, logistical support team, each group to carry out a reasonable division of labor, clear responsibilities.
4 Conclusion
Hospitals are places to save lives, hospitals should be long-term and unremitting efforts to grasp the fire safety management, for health care workers, diagnosis and treatment of patients to provide a safe and comfortable environment. We believe that in all aspects of the efforts of the hospital's fire safety management will be perfected, more on a new level.
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