Nuclear power plants produce nuclear wastewater.
Nuclear wastewater is generated from two main sources: nuclear power plants and nuclear energy facilities. In nuclear power plants, nuclear wastewater is generated from main and auxiliary equipment venting water, reactor discharge water, second loop wastewater, cleaning wastewater, regeneration wastewater from ion exchange units, and specialized wash water.
In addition, nuclear energy facilities also generate nuclear wastewater, such as wastewater generated by medical institutions during radioisotope diagnosis or treatment, and wastewater generated by laboratories during activities such as testing and research on radioactive substances.
It is important to note that although nuclear wastewater is an unavoidable product of nuclear energy facilities, it has a high concentration of radioactivity, which is extremely hazardous to humans and the environment. Therefore, how to properly treat and store nuclear wastewater has become an important technical challenge.
Nuclear wastewater treatment methods
1, chemical precipitation: the use of chemical precipitants and wastewater trace radionuclides *** precipitation, so that the radionuclides in the wastewater to transfer and concentrate to a small volume of sludge, and make the wastewater after the deposition of residual very little radioactivity, so as to be able to meet the discharge standards.
2. Ion exchange method: using cation exchange resin has high removal ability and large exchange capacity for radioactive strontium, as well as phenolic cation resin can effectively remove radioactive cesium, radioactive wastewater through the ion exchange column, so that the radionuclides are adsorbed and discharged along with the resin regeneration.
3, adsorption method: the use of porous solid material adsorption to remove heavy metal ions in water. Adsorption method of the process of using the key to the selection of adsorbents. Commonly used adsorbents are activated carbon, zeolite, kaolin, bentonite, clay and so on. Among them, zeolite is inexpensive, safe and easy to obtain, compared with other inorganic adsorbents, zeolite adsorption capacity and purification effect is higher.