The picture shows a view of the Daya Bay nuclear power plant. Image China
He is the ox in the Chinese zodiac.
The ox is hardworking, tough and stubborn. He loves cows. In his study, there are more than a dozen statues of cows in various forms, but his favorite is the pioneer cow -, a reflection and epitome of his life.
His decades-long life journey, like a pioneering ox, led his comrades in the mysterious field of nuclear power, hard work, so that this originally thorny land bloomed with gorgeous flowers and bore heavy fruits!
He is the legendary "model of the times" - Peng Shilu.
A sacred and arduous task
"At the word of command, pack up your backpack and set off immediately!"
In the summer of 1967, a military platoon of black stuffed trucks quietly left Xizhimen Station in Beijing.
Peng Shilu stood by the door of the train, looking at the first lights of Beijing, and his thoughts had flown to the deep valleys of the southwest. On this trip, they will go to an unnamed ravine to fulfill the important mission of building the first-generation nuclear submarine land model reactor. This mission is related to the success or failure of China's major national defense project 3354 nuclear submarine development.
Nuclear submarine technology is extremely complex. At that time, China was seriously short of materials, equipment, personnel and funds. Could the Chinese build a nuclear submarine? Was this a daydream or a fantasy? At the international level, some people were dismissive and others were cynical.
This sacred and difficult mission fell on the shoulders of Peng Shilu and his comrades.
In 1962, Peng Shilu began to lead the research and development of nuclear power plants for submarines under the oath of "building nuclear submarines in ten thousand years". At this time the country was in a difficult period, he organized the research laboratory, chewing corn every day, sometimes corn is not enough to eat, go to the suburbs to dig wild vegetables. Peng Shilu led theoretical courses, such as reactor physics. In just two years, he managed to bring more than 50 people studying chemical engineering, electricity and instrumentation to the forefront of the nuclear power discipline. When designing reactors, there were no computers, so they pulled a calculating ruler and used an abacus to calculate parameters; there was astronomical data on the reactor and various equipment parameters, and they worked day and night to figure it out.
In those difficult days, Peng Shilu was like everyone else, nothing special in life or work. He swallowed wild vegetables and chewed cabbage roots with everyone else. He not only ate with gusto, but also joked with everyone. How much more difficult are the conditions? Is it as bitter as being a prisoner in a cell as a child and being a beggar?
Yes, it is much better now than what he suffered in his early years.
Peng Shilu is the son of Peng Pei, an early leader of our party and a pioneer of the peasant movement. His mother was shot dead by reactionaries when he was 3. When he was 4, his father was arrested and killed. In the White Terror, to avoid being hunted down and killed, he hid all day long, even changing to another family in a few days. Every time he went to a family, he recognized his father, mother, brothers and sisters, wore hundreds of clothes and ate hundreds of meals.
When he was 8 years old, Peng Shilu was put in jail, and when he was 10, he was released. He had no friends, so from a young age he had to beg along the streets. When he was hungry, he begged for a bowl of rice soup; when he was sleepy, he rested under the eaves of houses and in haystacks. To survive, he helped people collect firewood, embroidered, and fed geese and cows. at the age of 11, he was arrested again and taken to Chaoan Prison. He spent his childhood and youth going through the vicissitudes of life and suffering on earth. He once said, "The rough childhood experiences have sharpened my character to defy difficulties and dangers. The caresses of dozens of 'mothers' inspired my instincts to love the people; to unselfishly distribute my parents' possessions to the peasants until I risked my life and gave my blood to the people and the motherland."
Then the Party organization found him and sent him to Yan'an, and his life took a turn for the better.In the 1990s, he worked as a student, a soldier, a nurse, a laborer, a technician, and in 1945 he became a member of the ****production party.In 1951, Pang Shilu was admitted as an international student. In 1951, Peng Shilu was admitted as an international student and studied at Kazan Chemical Institute and Moscow Chemical and Mechanical Institute of the USSR, graduated with honors and was awarded the title of "Outstanding Chemical and Mechanical Engineer". After that, in response to the needs of national construction, he studied nuclear power for two years at the Moscow Power Institute. While studying abroad, Peng never went to bed before 12 o'clock at night. Peng Shilu knew that it was not easy to train an international student in this country. He should learn as much as he can. Now, this knowledge can finally be used to serve his country! As a young man, he took on the heavy responsibility of developing a nuclear submarine reactor.
As the heart of a nuclear submarine, the nuclear submarine reactor was much more difficult to develop. Can they develop it at Pensiloo? Can they control it after developing it? This series of questions was in front of him and his comrades.
During the development of the submarine's nuclear power plant, Peng Shilu presided over the technical demonstration and early development of the main equipment, as well as the expansion of the nuclear power plant's preliminary design and construction design, and solved a series of major technical key issues. "Although he has a brash and humorous personality, he is meticulous in technical issues, and can calculate everything from the core to the propeller on board!" Heat expert Huang commented this way.
During those difficult years, Peng Shilu and his comrades were like explorers trekking through a vast desert. They endured the scorching sun, sandstorms and getting lost, and endured thirst, hunger and exhaustion, but they did not hesitate to leave a trail of determined advancement.
Under Peng Shilu's leadership, researchers worked night and day to design nuclear power plants on land and at sea. They stepped over green hills and looked east. Finally, they found the ideal address to build a land-based model reactor at Peng Shilu -- so they left Beijing in a smothered truck and set up camp in a deep ravine in the southwest.
Thrilling experiments.
There were mountain winds blowing and rock hawks flying.
In the ravine, everything starts from scratch. Eight thousand soldiers and civilians here day and night to open up the mountains and guns, leveling the land, building houses, installing and debugging equipment, building experimental bases. Here the transportation is inconvenient, vegetable scarcity, fuel shortage, housing is simple, medical difficulties, living area from the work area dozens of miles. No matter how windy or rainy it is, Chief Engineer Peng Shilu drives a big truck every day and leads everyone to go out early and return late, without seeing the sun at both ends.
In those busy days and nights, the roots of Peng Shilu's illnesses, which fell when he was a child in a dark and damp cell and when he was begging on the streets, erupted one after another and tormented him from time to time. But he kept enduring the physical pain and working selflessly.
"The man worked like a 'desperate Saburota'." Zhao, his comrade-in-arms and a nuclear power expert, said. One year, during commissioning tests of a nuclear submarine, Peng Shilu suddenly fainted at the work site. Doctors resuscitated him and found that not only did he have a hole in his stomach, but he had also suffered severe blood loss --, amazingly enough.
What's more: he still had a scar on his stomach that had long since perforated and healed itself, but he didn't even know it!
After more than two years of hard work by eight thousand soldiers and civilians, the research and development experimental base was completed, and the equipment was installed and commissioned in place. By the Chinese people's own design, self-built nuclear submarine land mode heap, just waiting to start the heap, the power to enhance this critical moment.
This is undoubtedly a thrilling test.
On this day, the atmosphere of the entire R&D test base was solemn and solemn, and the hearts of all the participants were in their throats. Peng Shilu sat in the command hall, calm, did not show a trace of anxiety. With the commanding officer's instruction to start the reactor, the reactor was finally started. Peng Shilu boiled red eyes staring at the instrument. The entire control room, everyone's expression is serious. Time passes by, the nuclear reactor power increases little by little. At this time, the entire hall is so quiet that you can only hear the "ticking" sound of the clock on the wall. The tiny sound of the clock is like a drumstick beating on people's hearts.
Rows of red and green signal lights are constantly flashing, and an instrument panel pointer is slightly jumping. The participants in the test, are wide-eyed, fully concentrated on observing the instrumentation of every slight change; the operator is also nervous and carefully recorded the experimental data.
"Report to Mr. Peng, there is a safety valve leakage in the steam generator." The inspector suddenly reported.
"Go, go and take a look." Peng Shilu hurriedly came to the leaking valve, and after a little thought, decisively ordered the workers, "Cut it off!"
"What? Cut it off?!" Everyone present stared in disbelief.
"Cut it off!" Peng Shilu once again clapped his hands decisively.
The valve was cut off, and the test went on as usual.
The chief engineer's style of work, always clean, never suffer, drag the mud.
Before the nuclear reactor was assembled, should we have a land-based model reactor first? This too has been hotly debated. Some people think it is not necessary, because the land mode reactor will not only make the trial production cost increased by half, but also will delay the submarine launch time. If the control is not good, it will also explode. Peng Shilu through the calculation that the construction of land mode reactor is a "small loss, take advantage of a big advantage", and only in this way to ensure a success. Peng Shilu showed his calculations of a variety of detailed parameters, said: "Even if the control failure, it is absolutely no possibility of explosion."
This time, Peng Shilu again decisive decision to cut the valve, because he calculated that the highest temperature will not make the machine pressure more than the design pressure. Since the safety valve was a bit leaky and not good for improvement, it was entirely possible to do without it.
It takes a lot of courage to take risks. When Peng Shilu makes a decision, he always says: "If it's right, the achievement goes to everyone; if it's wrong, I'll be responsible!"
Some people have asked Peng Shilu: "Why do you dare to clap the board?" He replied, "In fact, there is a secret, must use data to speak." A firm grasp of the experimental data, is the scientific basis for his bold decision-making. All engineering and technical matters must be clear, clear, clear, mind, can not be sloppy. After retirement, he also did not forget to urge his old colleagues: "No matter how high your current position, important data must be personally counted once, so that your heart can be down to earth!"
The test is still going on night and day.
The test site, the main and auxiliary engine compartments filled with steam and oil smoke; steam pipes in the burning hot air flow at high speed; clutch wide wheel at high speed, the faster and faster, the faster and faster?
Finally, at 18:30 on August 30, commander He Qian, with tears in his eyes and a trembling voice, announced to all the participants: "The main engine has reached full power rpm, and the corresponding reactor power has reached 99%, the test was a complete success!"
"We did it!" After listening to the test results announced by the commanding officer with bated breath, everyone suddenly cheered and jumped up - remember, on this day, August 30, 1970, designed and built by the Chinese themselves, without the use of a foreign screws of the nuclear submarine land-based model reactor trial success, Peng Shilu and his comrades, creating a new era of China's nuclear energy utilization! The new era of China's nuclear energy utilization!
At this moment, Peng Shilu did not join the ranks of the forgetful cheering, he closed his eyes heavily and sat down on a chair? He had not closed his eyes for five days and five nights.
At that moment, the airwaves announcing the success of China's nuclear submarine land-mode reactor test traveled from a deep mountain ditch to Chengdu, to Beijing, to the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and to the whole world!
Only two things in life
Rocket!
In mid-September, 1988, with a loud bang like a mountain and a tsunami, a milky-white rocket, from a nuclear submarine in the depths of the sea in one of China's northern waters, whistled out, spewing dazzling tongues of fire, rocketing upward into the vastness of the firmament!
"Boom!" The rocket landed precisely in the intended waters.
In 1979, Peng Shilu was appointed as the first chief designer of China's nuclear submarines. The nuclear submarine land-mode reactor they developed was installed on the nuclear submarine immediately after the successful test. During his tenure as chief designer of the nuclear submarine, Peng Shilu directed the commissioning and test flights of the first generation of nuclear submarines, and also successfully organized the development of the high-temperature, high-pressure, fully-sealed main pump, which has reached the world's advanced level.
After the efforts of Peng Shilu and his comrades, China's first nuclear submarine was launched on December 26, 1970; and in September 1988, the underwater launching of the launch vehicle was a complete success - since then, China has become the world's fifth country with the ability to launch launch launch vehicles underwater from nuclear submarines!
In the early 1980s, Peng Shilu completed the development of nuclear submarines, the main focus from the military industry to the civilian use of nuclear energy.
Before that, China had already kicked off the construction of nuclear power plants. At that time, China's development of nuclear power, which technical route to take, which reactor type to choose, has become the focus of debate in the academic community. After meticulous scientific debate and research, Peng Shilu argued that the internationally mature Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) program should be adopted. This proposal was finally recognized by most people and played a key role in the development of nuclear power in China.
The wind and frost in the north and the hot sun in the south. In those years, Peng Shilu dragged his sick and weak body, running around all the time, either in the nuclear power plant site or on the way to the site.In 1983, he was appointed as the chief director of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station, and did pioneering work for the development of China's nuclear power industry.
Since then, Peng Shilu has served as chairman of the nuclear power Qinshan Associated Company. He carefully calculated the main parameters of the nuclear power plant as well as technical and economic data, and made decisions with a clear mind, successfully realizing the major leap of China's nuclear power from prototype to commercial reactor.
"Be selfless, support the weak, dare to take risks, dare to be the first; do not fight with the world, do not ask for anything from others, help people; take the road you think is right in the midst of other people's naysayers; be subtractive, simplify the complexity." This is the motto of Peng Shilu's life. His wish, on the other hand, is to build China's first nuclear submarine and China's first nuclear power plant. "After accomplishing these two things, I will be worthy of my father." Peng Shilu did.
At 9 p.m. on March 30, 2021, Bohai Bay was clear and sparkling. Accompanied by the stirring song of "China's Heroic Nuclear Submarine", a ship traveled in a southwesterly direction, and after arriving at the designated waters, Peng Shilu and his wife Ma Shuying's ashes were scattered into the sea. At the age of 96, he practiced his vow at the end of his life - to watch over the motherland's oceans forever.
People's Daily ( August 14, 2021, 08 Edition)
Related Q&A: What is the 49th horse in the Chinese zodiac sign for camping