Introduction: Academic thesis is an article used to conduct scientific research and describe the results of scientific research, referred to as thesis.
It is both a means of scientific research to explore issues and a tool for academic communication to describe the results of scientific research. It includes thesis, thesis, dissertation, scientific and technological thesis, results of the paper, etc., collectively referred to as academic papers.
English major paper format specification A Contrastive Study beeen English and Chinese Idioms (title: two, bold, bold, center, except for the English small words, the first letter of all other words should be capitalized; in addition: in addition to the title, the font of all the English in the paper adopt "Times New Roman") (College, major, student number, author's name, instructor's name (small four-size Song font, bold), in order to be printed under the title of the paper, empty two lines, centered) Abstract This paper centers on the different This paper centers on the different expressions of ...... (English Abstract: two lines in the air; the title is in five-size "Times New Roman" font, bold, placed in bold brackets, and placed in top space; there is an empty space between the subsequent content and the bold brackets in front of it, without any other space). (One space between the subsequent content and the preceding bold square brackets, without any other punctuation marks; in five-point "Times New Roman" font, without bolding; single-spaced.) Key Words idiom; parison; English; Chinese (英文关键词：题目采用五号 "Times New Roman "字体，加粗，两单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的 Bold square brackets between the subsequent content and the previous space, without any other punctuation, using five "Times New Roman" font, not bold, in addition to the proper nouns, the other words of the first letter is not capitalized, the words separated by a semicolon ";", a space after the semicolon; and finally, a space after the semicolon. After the semicolon, there is one space; after the last keyword, there is no punctuation mark; single spacing.)
1. Introduction (top, in addition to the first word and proper nouns, other words do not capitalize the first letter; the title of the last do not use any punctuation marks, empty two lines) In both English and Chinese, .... So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences beeen Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44). expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (The first line of the paragraph is indented with 4 English characters; the labeling method of the notes: the authors appearing in the notes must form a one-to-one correspondence with the references at the end of the text; pay attention to the punctuation marks between one or more authors, the labeling method of time, page number, etc.; in addition, the authors of the Chinese references have to appear in the form of pinyin, and the Chinese surnames cannot appear; the notes appear before the punctuation marks) 2. The similarities beeen English idioms and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999. similarities beeen English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, .... And it can be clearly seen in the following examples: (1) I don't know.
(2) I am not a poet. (The examples in the text are arranged in the order of (1), (2)... up to the last example; and ①, ②... are the superscripted numbers of the footnotes or endnotes) 3. The differences beeen English idioms and Chinese idioms 3.1 The characteristics of English idioms (正文文) 3.1 The characteristics of English idioms (()) 3.1 The characteristics of English idioms ()) 3.1 The characteristics of English idioms ()) characteristics of English idioms (The serial numbering of the chapters in the text: chapter numbering: 1., 2., 3.,...; section numbering: 1.1,1.2..., 2.1,2.2...; subsection numbering: 1.1.1, 1.1.2..., 1.1.2..., 1.1.1, 1.1.2..., 1.1.2..., 1.1.2..., 1.1.2...). 1.1.2....
Subsections of the following levels, the use of Greek numbers in brackets for the order, such as (i), (ii) ...; and then the use of letters in brackets, such as (a), (b), ...; the title of each chapter of the top-left, small four characters, bold; each section (and the following subsections) of the title of the top-left, small four characters, do not bold but (italicized; all chapter titles are on a separate line with no punctuation at the end) .... In conclusion, .... 3.2 The characteristics of Chinese idioms .... Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (note the alternative way of writing the notes in this sentence): (9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. (10) People take no thought of the value of time. take no thought of the value of time until they lose it. .... 3.2.1 The *** ysis of the differences beeen English and Chinese idioms ... (i) .... .... (ii) .... .... 4. Conclusion .... Bibliography (References) (小四号，加粗，後不加任何标点号) Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981. I. Title of English Thesis A longer English thesis (e.g., English thesis) generally requires a title page, which is written in the following format: the distance between the first line of the title and the top of the printout is about one-third of the total length of the printout, and the distance between the next line (usually by, in the center) is 5cm, and the third and the fourth lines are the author's name and the date respectively (both in the center). ). If the English paper is written by a student for a particular course, the instructor's title and name (e.g., Dr./Prof. C. Prager) and the course number or title (e.g., English 734 or British Novel) should be typed between the author's name and the date.
When printed, each line should be double-spaced, i.e., spaced approximately 0.6 cm apart, if not otherwise required (the same spacing applies to the rest of the paper). As far as students are concerned, if the length of the English paper is short, you can also not do the title page (and outline page), and the content of the title page in the body of the first page of the upper left.
The first line is the author's name, about 2.5cm from the top of the paper, followed by the instructor's title and last name, the course number (or name), and the date; the left side of each line is aligned up and down, with a margin of about 2.5cm (the same as below). Next is the title of the paper and the body (between the date and the title and the title and the body of the first line of printing only between lines, do not have to leave more space).
Second, the outline of the English thesis English thesis outline page, including the thesis sentence and the outline itself, the standardized format is as follows: first in the first line (and the distance from the top of the paper is still about 2.5cm) at the beginning of the word Thesis and a colon, after a space.
2. How to write a thesis1, the thesis format of the thesis title: (attached to the signature) requires accurate, concise, eye-catching, novel.
2, thesis format of the table of contents Table of Contents is a brief list of the main paragraphs in the paper. (Short papers do not have to list the table of contents.) 3, thesis format of the executive summary: is an excerpt from the main content of the article, short, concise and complete.
The number of words can be less than a few dozens of words, not more than three hundred words is appropriate. 4, the paper format of the keywords or subject matter Keywords are selected from the title of the paper, synopsis and the body of the paper, is to express the central content of the paper has a substantial significance of the vocabulary.
Keywords are used as a computer system to cite the content of the paper's characteristics of the words, to facilitate the information system for readers to retrieve the collection. Each paper usually choose 3-8 words as keywords, a separate line, in the "Abstract" of the lower left.
Theme words are standardized words, in determining the theme word, the paper should be subject to analysis, according to the rules of citation and grouping into the theme of the word list of standardized words. (See Chinese Theme Word List and World Chinese Theme Word List).
5, the thesis format of the paper body: (1) Introduction: Introduction, also known as the preface, preface and introduction, used in the beginning of the paper. The introduction should generally summarize the author's intention, explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing.
The introduction should be short, concise and to the point. (2) the body of the paper: the body is the main body of the paper, the body should include the thesis, the argument, the process of argumentation and conclusion.
The main part includes the following: a. Raising the problem - argument; b. Analyzing the problem - argument and argumentation; c. Solving the problem - argumentation methods and steps; d. Conclusion. 6, thesis format of references A thesis reference is the paper in the research and writing can be referred to or cited in the main literature, listed at the end of the paper.
References should be on a separate page, labeled in accordance with the "GB7714-87 post-written references to the rules of entry". Chinese: title - author - publication information (edition, edition, edition) English: author - title - publication information The requirements of the listed references are: (1) the listed references should be official publications, so that readers can verify.
(2) The listed references should be labeled with the serial number, title of the work or article, author, and publication information.
3. What are the stylistic characteristics of a thesisA thesis is often used to refer to an article that conducts research in various academic fields and describes the results of academic research, referred to as a dissertation.
It is both a means of exploring issues for academic research and a tool for describing the results of academic research for academic communication. It includes thesis, thesis, dissertation, scientific and technological thesis, results of thesis and so on.
The thesis generally consists of title, author, abstract, keywords, body, references and appendices, etc., some of which (e.g., appendices) may or may not be included.
Types of Dissertations
In order to explore and grasp the rules and characteristics of dissertation writing, it is necessary to categorize dissertations. Due to the different contents and nature of the dissertation itself, different fields of study, objects, methods, and ways of presentation, the dissertation is categorized in different ways.
According to the nature of the content and different research methods can be divided into theoretical papers, experimental papers, descriptive papers and design papers.
There is also a comprehensive classification method, that is, the dissertation is divided into four categories: thematic, argumentative, synthesis and comprehensive.
4. What style of writing does a college essay belong toEssay Format
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1. Essay title of the essay format: (with signature below) requires accuracy, conciseness, eye-catching, and novelty.
2, thesis format of the table of contents
The table of contents is a brief list of the main paragraphs in the paper. (Short papers do not have to list the catalog.)
3, thesis format summary:
is an excerpt of the main content of the article, short, concise, complete. The number of words can be less than dozens of words, more than three hundred words is appropriate.
4, the paper format of the keywords or subject matter
The keywords are selected from the title of the paper, the synopsis and the body, is the expression of the central content of the paper has a substantial significance of the vocabulary. Keywords are words used to characterize the content of a paper in a computer system, so that the information system can be assembled for the reader to retrieve. Each paper is generally selected 3-8 words as the key words, a separate line, in the "Abstract" of the lower left.
Theme words are standardized words, in determining the theme word, the paper should be subject to analysis, according to the rules of citation and grouping into the theme of the word list of standardized words. (See Chinese Theme Word List and World Chinese Theme Word List).
5, the thesis format of the paper body:
(1) Introduction: the introduction, also known as the preface, preface and introduction, used in the beginning of the paper. The introduction should generally summarize the author's intention, explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing. It should be short, concise, and focused on the topic. The main part includes the following:
a. Presenting the problem-argument;
b. Analyzing the problem-argument and argumentation;
c. Solving the problem-argumentation methods and steps;
d. Conclusion.
6. References in essay format
A paper's references are the main literature that can be referred to or cited in the research and writing of the paper, listed at the end of the paper. References should be on a separate page, labeled according to "GB7714-87 Rules for the Recording of Post-textual References".
Chinese: title - author - publication information (edition place, publisher, edition period)
English: author - title - publication information
The requirements of the listed references are:
(1) The listed references should be official publications, so as to allow readers to verify.
(2) The listed references should be labeled with the serial number, title of the work or article, author, and publication information.
Argumentative Essay
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Argumentative essay is a style of writing that analyzes and comments on a certain issue or a certain thing, and expresses one's own viewpoints, positions, attitudes, opinions, and claims. Argumentative essays have three elements, namely, argument, argument and argumentation.
The basic requirements of the argument is: the correct point of view, serious generalization, practical significance, appropriate use of a variety of expressions; the basic requirements of the argument is: real and reliable, full of typical; the basic requirements of the argument is: reasoning must be logical.
Writing an argumentative essay to consider the thesis, consider what to use as an argument to prove it, how to argue, and then draw a conclusion. It can be the first to put forward a general thesis, and then separately, analyze the various sub-arguments, and finally reach a conclusion; can also be quoted first a story, a dialogue, or describe a scene, and then layer by layer from the facts to analyze the reasoning, summarize the derivation of a new conclusion. This kind of writing is called the total division style, which is a kind of essay writing style often used by middle school students. Can also be in the beginning of the article first put forward a people concerned about the question, and then one by one to answer, layer by layer in-depth, this is the answer to the difficult style of writing. It is also important that the author intends to put two different things in an antagonistic way to compare and contrast, and then come to a conclusion, which is the contrast writing method.
Argumentative essays are a style of writing that uses logic, reasoning and proof to explain the author's position and opinions. This kind of article or from the front to put forward some kind of opinion, claim, or refute the wrong views of others. Newspaper reviews, essays or daily life in the feelings, etc., all belong to the category of argumentative essays.
Argumentative essay, also known as reasoning, it is a kind of analysis of things, thesis, opinions, claims of the literary style. The author through the facts, reasoning, right and wrong, in order to determine the correctness or error of their views, to establish or deny a certain claim. Thesis should be a clear point of view, argumentative, refined language, reasonable argumentation, and strict logic.
5. Dissertation styleSimple ah, title, abstract, table of contents, body, references, acknowledgements, to give you a model to see the best procurement decision-making methods Overview
1.1 Background and significance of the study
1.1.1 Background of the study
When it comes to purchasing, in fact, in our country already has a very long history of origin. As the saying goes, "there are rules of the road", into the modern world, especially after joining the World Trade Organization, China's procurement has gained significant development, for the improvement of the market economy has played a due role. Procurement development process, procurement is not short of cost savings to enterprises. Secondly, procurement can enhance the cooperation benefit between enterprises. Procurement in the process of feeding materials to constantly follow up the development of new industrial enterprises. Comparison of goods, mainly from the quality, price, and the integrity of the company, the accuracy of the delivery time to choose.
1.1.2 Significance of the study
The significance of the study is mainly due to the fact that I want to work in the field of purchasing in the future and want to have a better understanding of purchasing. And to be able to innovate in the field of procurement.
Purchasing is an essential department of the enterprise, all the goods of the enterprise must be purchased through this department, the purchasing decision directly affects the cost changes in the enterprise, in order to minimize the cost of materials should be a better understanding of the purchasing decision-making methods. Purchasing is not only reflected in the enterprise above, individuals go shopping I also become a direct buyer. If you want to purchase the best goods for yourself, you should study the location of the store, the price of the goods, the quality of the goods, and the integrity of the store to make comparisons.
2 Definition of Purchasing and Processes and Methods
2.1 Definition of Purchasing
It refers to the purchasing behavior of obtaining materials and services through exchanges to acquire resources of the right quality and quantity at the right time, place, and price for the enterprise's operations.
The use of the company's capital in exchange for the company's useful goods and services, that is to say, the use of capital to build resources (goods + services), the use of this resource through the management of the maximum value-added assets, so as to create profits for the company.
Purchasing is undertaken from the conceptualization stage of product design to the signing of system contracts with suppliers.
2.2 Purchasing process
2.2.1 Gathering information, requesting quotations, comparing and bargaining, evaluating, requesting samples, deciding, requisitioning, ordering, coordinating and communicating, urging for deliveries, checking the incoming goods, and sorting out payments.
2.2.2 Purchase quantity calculation: the current period should be purchased quantity = the current production requirements + the end of the period scheduled inventory - the previous estimated inventory - the previous has been purchased and not yet in the warehouse quantity
2.2.3 How to reasonably reduce the cost of procurement: the development of a reasonable purchasing plan in advance, query the current market situation, to grasp the factors and events affecting the cost. In the middle of the matter to find a number of qualified vendors offer, make a reserve price or budget, the use of bargaining skills. Afterwards, choose the appropriate price manufacturers to sign the contract, the use of quantity or cash discounts.
1) Purchasing price components: the supplier's cost, specifications and quality, supply and demand of purchased materials, production season and procurement timing, delivery terms, payment terms.
2) Purchased goods cost components: the method of engineering or manufacturing, special tools and equipment required, direct and indirect material costs, direct and indirect labor costs, manufacturing costs or outsourcing costs, marketing fees and taxes, profits.
2.2.4 What is the right price: Purchasing price should be to achieve the highest goal of the appropriate price, the buyer must be purchasing requirements, according to market conditions, analyze the quality of the material and price changes, choose the best quality and low cost of materials to buy.
2.2.5 1) How to determine whether the purchase price is reasonable: cost analysis, price analysis, market research, a number of manufacturers offer.
2) how to find suppliers: the use of existing information, public solicitation, through the introduction of the industry, read professional journals, associations or procurement of professional consultants, to participate in product demonstrations.
2.2.6 supplier classification: raw material suppliers, small service suppliers, temporary suppliers.
2.2.7 Qualified supplier standards: excellent business leaders, high-quality managers, stable employee groups, good machinery and equipment, good technology, good management system.
How to analyze suppliers: price, quality, service, location, inventory policy, flexibility.
I hope this can help you, hope to adopt
6. What are the basic requirements for academic paper writingAcademic journals must have the name of the author of the paper published. The names of the authors are known as first author, second author, third author, ...... in order of precedence. Generally, there is no limit to the number of authors, which means that the article should be a collaboration of several people. However, it is usually not more than 5 people. Some journals require a maximum of 3 or 2 people.
The author unit
The author unit is to determine the identity of an author in the evaluation of the title of the information, especially in the academic paper is indispensable. The usual format is: unit, province and city, zip code. For example: Beiyuan Primary School, Taierzhuang District, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, Shandong Zaozhuang 277400.
Abstract
The abstract, also known as the executive summary, is a generalized conclusion of the article. The abstract is usually around 200 words. The abstract is a guide to the full text of the paper and is an indispensable part of the paper's format. Abstracts are required to summarize the entire text and not to be one-sided about only one part of the article.
V. English abstract
Some journals require an English abstract. The English abstract is a translation of the Chinese abstract and should be accurate.
Keywords
Keywords are an important part of the article index. Keyword requirements must be set accurately and appropriately. So that others can more easily according to the keywords to understand the article's main talking about the problem. This is also a basic way of categorizing the article.
English keywords
Some journals require keywords to exist in English. English keywords need to be translated correctly.
Body
The body of an academic paper is the main body of the paper. The body of the paper should be clear, the thesis should be justified, and the theme of the paper should be clear. Thesis writing should not be generalized. The big hat under the writing of small problems. The body of a published paper is usually between 2,000 and 8,000 words long. The first thing you should do is to make sure that you have the right words in the right place, and that they are not too long.
References
References have a certain format. If there are references in the text, it should be cited in accordance with the order of Arabic numerals in square brackets in the upper right corner, and in the text in accordance with the order of citation of the cited references marked out in accordance with the name of the author of the cited references, citing the title of the text, the publishing unit and the date of publication.
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