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In order to further understand my street empty nest elderly in life, psychological, spiritual and other needs, for the municipal party committee, the municipal government to develop caring for the empty nest of the elderly elderly policy to provide a scientific decision-making basis, my street in the five communities of Wusheng, Wannian, Tujia, Dadong, and Heping thematic survey. The survey object for 60 years of age and older and did not live with their children (elders) of the elderly, by the community full-time cadres of the elderly organization household survey. The survey took the questionnaire approach, by the investigator in accordance with the pre-designed questionnaire, into the home directly face the survey object to ask, by the survey family of empty nesting elderly face-to-face answers to the relevant questions, and carefully record the answers, on the spot recovery questionnaire. Now my street empty nest elderly living conditions are analyzed and reported as follows:
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First, the basic situation of the survey object
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According to the comprehensive summary of the questionnaire data. The total number of objects in this survey 191. The summary results show the following:
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Gender grouping: 66 men, accounting for 34.55%, 125 women, accounting for 65.45%.
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Age grouping: 33 people aged 60-69 years old accounted for 17.28%, 91 people aged 70-79 years old accounted for 47.64%, 62 people aged 80-89 years old accounted for 32.46%, and 8 people aged over 90 years old accounted for 4.19%.
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Cultural level grouping: illiterate 39 people accounted for 20.42%, 112 people accounted for 58.64% in elementary and junior high school, 22 people accounted for 11.52% in high school middle school, and 18 people accounted for 9.42% in college and above .
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Marital status grouping: unmarried 7 people accounted for 3.67%, widowed 107 people accounted for 56.02%, 65 people with living spouses accounted for 34.03%, divorced 8 people accounted for 4.19%, remarried 4 people accounted for 2.09%.
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Family survival time grouping: 29 people accounted for 15.18% for 0-5 years, 42 people accounted for 21.99% for 5-10 years, 29 people accounted for 15.18% for 10-15 years, 32 people accounted for 16.75% for 15-20 years, and 59 people accounted for 30.89% for more than 20 years.
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Existing children grouping: 35 people with 1 child accounted for 18.33%, 45 people with 2 children accounted for 23.56%, 55 people with 3 children accounted for 28.8%, 43 people with more than 4 children accounted for 22.51%, and 14 people without children accounted for 7.33%
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Second, the survey highlighted the main issues
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(1) Medical and health care
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1. Most of the empty-nester elderly have a high degree of self-care ability, but have more physical illnesses. Can take care of the elderly 153 people; semi-self-care of the elderly 29 people; can not take care of the elderly and general daily life behaviors need to be completely dependent on others 9 people. Survey respondents show that most of the empty nest elderly health some minor problems, but suffers from hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes and other diseases of the elderly there are 61 people, in addition, there are 27 people suffering from serious diseases and even cancer.
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2, the empty nest of the elderly medical situation is not optimistic. Through the statistics to see the number of monthly medical expenditure, monthly expenditure of 100-500 yuan as many as 106 people, 500-100 27 people, more than 1,000 yuan of 18 people, only 40 people in the 100 yuan below. The survey shows that there are 155 for the elderly think that the most worrying thing at present is the disease, which brings great pressure on the life of the empty-nested elderly.
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(2) Economic Income
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1. Among the survey respondents, the number of women is almost double that of men, but the number of men with properties in their own names is larger, and most of the pensions are in the range of 1,000 to 1,500 yuan, which is just enough to maintain life.
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2, the empty-nested elderly in the basic living expenses are not big, the monthly expenditure of 500-1000 yuan of 112 people, 1000-2000 yuan of 48 people, more than 2000 yuan of 13 people, but for the purchase of self-funded help elderly call for help equipment, there are still 150 people think that they can not afford to buy, and 182 elderly people hope that the government to buy.
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(3) Living arrangements and spiritual comfort
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1. The cultural and recreational life of the empty-nester elderly is relatively lacking. One of the 108 elderly is mainly at home to do housework, and neighbors chatting and walking, 98 people choose to watch TV, listen to the radio, reading, and actively participate in cultural and sports activities, singing, dancing, travel, etc. Only 56 people, none of them on the University of the Elderly, and even 23 elderly people do not have anything to do and the lack of people to talk about the often feel the emptiness and loneliness.
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2, the survey results show that the children care about the living conditions of the elderly empty nesters 167 people, but there are still 20 people indifferent to the elderly, and 160 for the elderly will meet within six months, but there are 9 elderly people for a long time it is difficult to meet with their children.
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3. The results of the survey show that most of the elderly still do not quite accept the way to the nursing home, and are still willing to maintain the traditional Chinese family pension, but they also hope to get the help of the community and the government's help and care.
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4. Most of the empty-nester elderly are interested in the ? love doorbell? Red Ribbon? The most important thing is that they have a good understanding of the concept of "love doorbell" and "red ribbon". The most important thing is that they are not the only ones who have the right to know. The elderly help call system also holds a conservative attitude only 61 people show the need, and 130 lives are said to be less need.
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Third, the recommendations and countermeasures
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(a) Continuously improve the city's pension insurance system
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In the piece of basic pension insurance, it is necessary to effectively ensure that the level of growth of the elderly population's pension is consistent with the level of social and economic development, so that the elderly population can **** enjoy the fruits of social and economic development, in particular, we should appropriately increase the level of pensions for retired enterprise personnel, in the spouses' will subsidies, social pension subsidies, etc., should also be timely and continuously improve the level of treatment in this regard, so that Those elderly people who live mainly on these sources of income can maintain a minimum basic living.
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(2) Emphasize medical protection and medical services for the elderly
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The physical condition of the elderly population determines their need for a higher level of medical social security than the general population, and at the same time, the arrival of the aging society has led to the increasing proportion of the elderly population in the total population. Therefore, at present, we should continue to vigorously promote the adjustment of the structure of urban medical and health resources allocation, and accelerate the transfer of part of the medical and health resources to the community, so as to increase the supply capacity of the community's medical and health services for the elderly; and the medical services provided by the community to the elderly population should be all-rounded, including not only the treatment of diseases, but also other aspects of the services, such as medical consultation, vigorous publicity on disease prevention and treatment, advocating a healthy lifestyle, popularizing knowledge of elderly care and nursing, and so on.
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(c) Accelerating the development of community care services
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The government should increase investment in this area. For old urban areas like my street, empty-nesters are generally interested in free services paid for by the government, and the number of elderly families who can enjoy such free services is very small at present. Therefore, the Government should take into account the special situation of some elderly families and relax the restrictions on the conditions for the implementation of free services so that more elderly families can benefit. At the same time, community care services should be strengthened ... Integration and publicity work.
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(iv) Focus on ? empty nest? spiritual and cultural life of the elderly
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First of all, we should vigorously advocate ? Respect for the elderly, old age, help the elderly? The traditional virtues. Educate the children of the empty-nested elderly to fulfill their maintenance obligations in terms of spiritual comfort, visit home often and care more about the elderly. Mobilizing and organizing the majority of young people and the public to join the ranks of volunteers to serve the empty-nested elderly, giving full play to the role of volunteers in the spiritual comfort of the empty-nested elderly.
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Secondly, the construction of community cultural and sports facilities and venues should be strengthened. We should find ways to increase the construction of community cultural and sports facilities and venues, and utilize the power of the government and society in all aspects.
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Again, the community should often organize and carry out cultural and sports activities that are popular with the elderly. The form of the activities should be as rich as possible, only in this way can meet the needs of more empty-nested elderly friends, more elderly people will be attracted to the community.
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Finally, the community staff should give full play to the initiative in the work, to understand the basic situation of the community's empty-nested elderly, more care and visit them. In particular, they often visit those who do not often go out for various reasons, to understand their needs and give them as much help as possible, and to pay special attention to the single empty-nested elderly.
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The basic living conditions of the urban empty-nested elderly census time is tight, wide-ranging, wide audience, although there are certain difficulties, but if the municipal government for the development of elderly policy to provide a scientific basis for the elderly in the future to enable the elderly to get from the work of this work in a practical and caring of the benefits of all the difficulties are surmountable. We will not stop for the old service footsteps, will continue to uphold the political strength, business excellence, style of practice, dedication of the consistent style, to better serve the elderly, and strive to achieve? The elderly, the elderly have medical care, the elderly have teaching, the elderly have learning, the elderly have something to do, the elderly have fun? The work of the goal is my street all the staff of the elderly persistent pursuit!
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model two
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According to the latest statistics from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the urban migrant population amounted to 267 million in 2013, resulting in more and more elderly people in rural areas to stay alone in the empty nest, the vast majority of elderly people to stay in their original place of residence, a very small number of elderly people to follow their children to the city to live. Empty nest problem has become the whole society *** with the care of the increasingly serious social problems, how to solve the working children to go out to earn money and stay with their parents has become a deep thought of the problem to be solved.
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I. Survey Objects and Methods
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1. Survey Objects:
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This survey was selected to take the old people left behind in Duyang Village, Duyang Township, Dahua Yao Autonomous County as the case of this survey.
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2. Survey Methods:
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This survey mainly takes the method of visiting and household typical survey, the survey involves the living conditions of rural empty-nested elderly, living needs, medical and social security and ? The survey covers the living conditions, living needs, health care and social security, and the old age care. The survey covers the living conditions of the rural empty-nested elderly, their living needs, medical and social security, and the problems and countermeasures in the elderly. In the typical household survey, from the rural elderly living conditions, medical security, the current situation of old age and spiritual and cultural life of the four aspects of the use of structured interviews, typical household interviews with 20 elderly.
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Second, the basic situation
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Dahua Yao Autonomous County is located in the middle reaches of the Hongshui River in the northwestern part of central Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The county covers an area of 2,753 square kilometers, arable land area of 16,200 hectares, the county's total population of 458,700 people, Yao accounted for 21.95%, the county jurisdiction of 13 townships and 3 towns. Duyang Township is located in the middle of Dahua Yao Autonomous County, 50 kilometers away from the county town, located in the hills. The town people's government is located in Duyang Village Duyang Street. East of the seven hundred lane township, north of the North King Township, west of the rocky beach township, Jiangnan Township, south of the Hundred Horse Township, the ancient river township. 2006 the township has a total area of 189 square kilometers, the total population of 24,244 people. Jurisdiction Duyang, Shangwu, Wucheng, Zhongwu, Gacheng, Manjiang, Shuangfu and other 7 villages. Duyang town arable land area of 883 hectares, of which 443 hectares of paddy fields, 440 hectares of dry land, the main agricultural products are rice, corn, etc., agricultural products processing mainly wood processing.
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Empty-nested elderly (here the elderly refers to more than 60 years old [including 60 years old] elderly) has become a social issue of general concern to society. According to incomplete statistics, the county over 60 years of age (including 60 years of age) elderly ***57,670 people, of which 40,369 left behind the elderly, accounting for 70% of the county 60 years of age, of which 17,244 men, 23,125 women. The education level of the elderly, including illiteracy accounted for 61.7% of the total number of elderly, 33% of primary education, 4.6% of middle school education, less than 0.7% of high school education; the physical health of the elderly, daily life can take care of themselves and can be engaged in lighter farm work of the elderly accounted for 78% of the total number of the elderly, semi-loss of the ability to work accounted for 15% of the total number of the elderly, basic loss of working capacity of the elderly accounted for 15%, the total number of the elderly in the county. The basic loss of working ability accounted for 7% of the total number of elderly people; economic sources, 81.9% of the children's support, their own support accounted for 9.7%, social support accounted for 8.1%.
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III. Analysis of the current situation and problems in the life of the empty-nested elderly
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(a) Most of the left-behind elderly still need manual labor
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The children go out to work so that the family economic conditions can be improved, but because of their relative income is not high, and most of them have their own families, but also to pay for their children to go to school, so most of the elderly still rely on their own labor to maintain their usual livelihood. According to the survey, most of the left-behind elderly are still engaged in manual labor and still have to bear the burden of agricultural production. On the one hand, engaging in agricultural production can increase the family's economic resources, basically solve the daily expenses of firewood, rice, oil and salt, and reduce the burden of children. On the other hand, the vast majority of the elderly do not want to waste their fields, so they insist on engaging in agricultural production activities. As children are not around, many heavy agricultural work to hire people, the cost is relatively high, the elderly only carry out daily field management.
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(ii) Lack of family atmosphere and monotonous spiritual comfort
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With a large number of children going out to work, the function of family old age is weakened, and the elderly need the comfort of affection and life care. According to research, with the age and various body organs weakened, the elderly in some aspects tend to be childish, more need to children's care. Therefore, children have an irreplaceable position in the hearts of the elderly. As their children are always away from home, basically they cannot go home to reunite with the elderly except for a few days when they can come back for the Spring Festival or Ching Ming Festival, and some of them do not go home even for several years, so it is inevitable that the old people have a sense of loneliness. Through the analysis of the survey on the empty-nested elderly, more than 80% of the children of migrant workers often call their parents, and the telephone has become the main means of communication between the elderly and their children and the spiritual solace, and sometimes even these basic spiritual solace is not available. Especially when the elderly are sick and need to be accompanied by their children for treatment in the hospital, the children are not around, so they can only rely on the old couple to support each other, which makes them even more lonely and helpless. And if the old man is widowed, the days will be even more difficult.
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(C) The health care situation of the elderly left behind is still not optimistic
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The most worrying thing for the left-behind elderly is illness, which can lead to almost all difficulties: financial constraints, lack of care, increased psychological burden, etc. The health condition of the left-behind elderly is still not optimistic
? At present, the overall health of the elderly left behind is poor, many of them are in a state of sub-health, in which the proportion of chronic diseases is higher. Rural elderly people basically do not have medical checkups, and only go to the doctor when they feel sick. Nowadays, the new rural cooperative medical care system has greatly improved the medical protection of the rural population, but due to the imperfections of the relevant laws and regulations as well as the influence of human factors in the grassroots implementation process, the new rural cooperative medical care system has not yet played its due role. Due to the constraints of the cooperative medical care system's proportional reimbursement and capping system, the new rural cooperative medical care system's substantive assistance to elderly people suffering from serious illnesses is very limited. Because of their low economic income, there are few cases in which they do not seek medical treatment when they are ill, and because of their spending habits and realistic financial capacity, ? Resisting minor illnesses and suffering from major illnesses are still the choices of most elderly people. is still the choice of most elderly people. They tend to drag their feet when they are sick, and only a small number of them will go to see a doctor. Some of their children do not come back because they are busy at work or because they have to travel a long distance, but they just call to inquire. There have been tragedies in remote rural mountainous areas where elderly people have died at home of illness without anyone knowing.
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Fourth, to solve the problem of the elderly left behind recommendations
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(a) Policy
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The government should adhere to the implementation of the scientific concept of development in the formulation of policies, adhere to the people-oriented, take full account of the actual situation in rural areas, integrate urban and rural development, and formulate practical policies. According to the local actual situation, the introduction of corresponding policies, increase the implementation of the policy, improve the wages of migrant workers, urging enterprises and institutions must be paid on time and in accordance with the amount of migrant workers, to ensure that the legitimate interests of migrant workers. Only in this way will migrant workers be more able to support the elderly and try to improve their quality of life.
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(ii) further improve the social security system, the government should introduce corresponding policies, establish and improve the rural social security system with social insurance, social assistance, social welfare, social charity as the main content, increase the input of rural social assistance and rural social welfare, to ensure that the guaranteed income distribution in place. Eligible elderly persons left behind in rural areas are included in the scope of the lowincome insurance scheme, so as to economically ensure that elderly persons left behind reach a basic standard of living. The government has formulated policies to publicize respect for the elderly on a regular basis, such as: the annual selection of the model family of respect for the elderly and love for the elderly, to give financial assistance to the family, to give the family's children the right of first choice of employment and schooling, and so on.
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