Harbin has 8 districts 10 counties (cities), namely nangang district, Daoli, Daowai, Xiangfang, Songbei, Fangping, Hulan, Acheng, shangzhi city, Shuangcheng, Binxian, founder county, yilan county, Bayan, wuchang city, Mulan, Yanshou and Tonghe. Wuchang, Shuangcheng and Shangzhi are three county-level cities.
Harbin has jurisdiction over 8 municipal districts, 7 counties and 3 county-level cities. Songbei District People's Government. The total population is about 9.8 million, including 4.75 million in the urban area.
Comparative analysis of rural economic and social development in ten counties (cities) of Harbin
First, the city's natural resources and agricultural production pattern
1, natural resource endowment status
Natural conditions and resource endowments are the basis of agricultural development. Although the progress of science and technology and the emergence of new planting, breeding and processing modes have reduced this dependence, they still play a very important role in forming advantageous agriculture in terms of actual national conditions and the basic situation of the world market.
The cultivated land area is large and the land reserve resources are scarce. Harbin is located at125 42'-13010' east longitude and 44 04'-46 40' north latitude. Located in the middle of Songnen Plain, covering an area of 53,000 square kilometers. It is a typical agricultural city, and nearly 80% of farmers' income comes from agriculture. By the end of 2006, the city's cultivated land area was 6.5438+0.78 million hectares, with a per capita cultivated land of 5.8 mu. Although the cultivated land area and per capita cultivated land area are relatively large, our medium and low yield cultivated land accounts for nearly 50%, and the unused land is less than 5%. Rural land is limited.
The county (city) under its jurisdiction has a large agricultural population and a large surplus labor force. Our city has 8 districts, 10 counties (cities), 189 townships and 20 17 administrative villages, with an agricultural population of 4.6 million. By the end of 2006, the total rural labor resources were 2,965,438+600,000. Among them, the male labor force 1.5 1.3 million, accounting for 51.9%; The female labor force 1.402 million, accounting for 48. 1%. The per capita gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery created by farmers is 10368 yuan. Excessive rural surplus labor reduces agricultural labor productivity.
The water quality is good, but water resources are scarce. Our city is a city with serious water shortage, and the comprehensive production capacity of tap water in urban areas ranks last among the sub-provincial cities in China, with only 6.5438+0.07 million tons/day. Agricultural production includes drought and flood, nine-year spring drought and frequent spring drought. The city's total water resources are 654.38+029 billion cubic meters, and the surface water resources are 9.9 billion cubic meters. Most rivers, reservoirs and groundwater have little or no pollution and are suitable for farmland irrigation. There are 132 rivers with a drainage area of over 50 square kilometers in the city, and the maximum runoff of Songhua River is 211600,000 cubic meters. However, due to the lack of large-scale control projects, most of them are transit water. The average cultivated land water resources in the city is 95.3 cubic meters per hectare, which is lower than the national average. The water shortage of paddy fields in our city alone exceeds 65.438+0.5 billion cubic meters, which restricts the development of agricultural production in our city, especially rice production.
Good soil quality is beneficial to crop growth. There are eight types of soils in our city, including dark brown soil, albic soil, black soil, chernozem soil and meadow soil. Fertile soil, 99% of farmland soil organic matter content is higher than 2%, which is beneficial to crop growth. However, due to years of soil erosion and imbalance between land use and nutrition, the organic matter content of various soils has declined. At present, the area of farmland soil polluted by heavy metals and cadmium reaches 0.10.2 million hectares. However, in recent years, after environmental protection, pesticide residues in soil have decreased year by year, far below the national environmental quality standards, and the ecological environment has been well protected, which meets the growth requirements of green crops.
High forest coverage and small grassland area. The forest coverage rate of our city is 44.2%, and the grassland area of our city is 255,000 hectares, of which the usable area is only 6.5438+0.69 million hectares, and the per capita grassland area is 0.02 hectares, which is only 654.38+0/654.38+07 of the national average grassland area. Moreover, the grassland quality is low, and the livestock carrying capacity per mu is only about 12 sheep, which is lower than the national average.
The climatic conditions are suitable. The annual average temperature in the city is about 5℃, the annual rainfall is about 480 mm, the annual sunshine hours are about 2500 hours, and the annual effective accumulated temperature is 2300℃-2700℃. The climate has four distinct seasons, and agricultural products have northern characteristics and advantages.
2. Production patterns
Our city is an important national commodity grain base and world dairy cow base belt, with 6.5438+0.78 million hectares of cultivated land, 255,000 hectares of grassland and 6.5438+0.00 million hectares of wasteland, and the annual straw output is about 65.438+0.2 billion kilograms. Suitable climate, vast land, sufficient feed and cheap labor all provide a good foundation for the agricultural development of our city.
In 2004, 2005 and 2006, five counties and cities in our city ranked in the top ten in the results of comprehensive social and economic monitoring and evaluation in the province. Among them, Acheng ranked second after Suifenhe, Hulan, Shuangcheng, Shangzhi and Binxian ranked fourth, fifth, seventh and tenth respectively, Wuchang ranked eleventh, and the rest counties ranked in the top 50. The total grain output of our city and the output of the three leading products of corn, rice and soybean rank first in the province. Wuchang, Shuangcheng and Bayan in our city are all major grain-producing counties in China.
Our city's animal husbandry production is in a leading position in the whole province. In 2006, the output of meat, eggs and milk in our city was 722,000 tons, 305,000 tons and 6.5438+0.066 million tons respectively, ranking first in the province. Animal husbandry production in our city has obvious regional characteristics. The dairy industry in Shuangcheng is famous all over the country, and the poultry in Hulan ranks first in the province. Bayan and Binxian are famous for producing pigs and cattle.
Judging from the overall development of agriculture, the city has obvious regional characteristics of agriculture, obvious advantages in agricultural resources, economic aggregate and agricultural production structure, and its competitiveness is in a leading position in the province. Especially in recent years, Harbin's agricultural economic development has made brand-new achievements, and taking the road of scientific development is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. However, in the process of rapid development of agricultural economy, regional differences and imbalances have become more and more prominent, which has become an important factor hindering the rapid development of modern agriculture in our city.
Two. 10 comparison of rural economic and social development in counties (cities)
1, total agricultural economy
The added value of primary industry. Among 10 counties (cities), the added value of the primary industry in Shuangcheng ranked first with 4.55 billion yuan, with a growth rate of 7.4%, ranking sixth. Founder county ranked last with 630 million yuan, ranking third with a growth rate of 10.7%. The proportion of the added value of the primary industry in the regional GDP is the largest in Bayan County, reaching 62.8%, and the smallest in shangzhi city, with 17.4%.
Grain yield. Among 10 counties (cities), the top three grain yields are wuchang city, Shuangcheng and Bayan, which are 3.74 billion kg, 3.46 billion kg and 2.75 billion kg respectively, and their per mu yields are 1039. 1 kg and1/respectively. Founder county has the lowest grain output, accounting for 640 million kilograms and 779.5 kilograms per mu, ranking fourth.
Output value of animal husbandry. Among 10 counties (cities), the output value of animal husbandry in Shuangcheng is the largest, accounting for 3.83 billion yuan, accounting for 49.5% of the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. Nestle Switzerland settled in Shuangcheng from 65438 to 0990, which promoted the rapid development of Shuangcheng dairy industry. In 2006, there were 230,000 cows in Shuangcheng, accounting for 62.9% of the city. The largest proportion of the output value of animal husbandry is Binxian, accounting for 59.2%. In recent years, animal husbandry production represented by yellow cattle in Bin County has developed rapidly. In 2006, there were 294,000 yellow cattle and beef cattle in Bin County, accounting for 23.3% of the whole city. Yanshou County, with the smallest output value of animal husbandry, is 65.438+0.7 billion yuan, accounting for 654.38+0.6% of the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. The lowest proportion of the output value of animal husbandry is Mulan County, which is only 14.6%.
2. Production conditions
Total amount and structure of rural labor resources. In 10 counties (cities), wuchang city has the largest rural labor resources, with 405,000 people. Among them, the male labor force is 2 1. 1 ten thousand, accounting for 525438+0%; Female labor force194,000, accounting for 47.9%; 14.9% under 20 years old and over 60 years old; 2.2% are illiterate. Founder county has the smallest total resources, with 75,000 people. Among them, there are 40,000 male laborers, accounting for 53.6%; The female labor force is 35,000, accounting for 46.4%; 15.8% under 20 years old and over 60 years old; Illiteracy accounts for 3.0%.
Agricultural producers and operators. In 10 counties (cities), wuchang city has the largest number of agricultural producers and operators, with135,000 households. Among them, agricultural income accounts for 98.5%, and animal husbandry income only accounts for 1.3%. The number of agricultural producers and business households is the lowest in founder county, with 24,000 households. Among them, agricultural income accounts for 97.9%, and animal husbandry income only accounts for 1.3%. There are 0/320,000 production and business households in Shuangcheng, and the income from animal husbandry accounts for 23.3%, ranking first.
Agricultural machinery and equipment. Compared with the first agricultural census, the level of agricultural machinery and equipment in the city has been significantly improved. In 10 counties (cities), yilan county has the largest number of large and medium-sized tractors, with 6,785, and the number of small tractors is 28,000, ranking third. It has 488 combine harvesters, ranking second. Shangzhi city has at least 1.27 large and medium-sized tractors, ranking fifth with 22,000 small tractors. It has 146 combine harvesters, ranking third.
Agricultural technical measures. Bayan county has the largest proportion of mechanized farming area, accounting for 96.3%, mechanized sowing area of 87.6%, ranking first, and mechanized harvesting area of 10%, ranking fifth. Shangzhi city has the smallest proportion of mechanized farming area, accounting for 33.5%, and the mechanized sowing area is 7.8%, which also ranks last, and the mechanized harvesting area is 1.9%, ranking seventh.
Agricultural technicians. In 10 counties (cities), shangzhi city has the largest number of agricultural technicians, accounting for 54 10, among which senior technicians account for 1 1.8%, ranking second. There are 545 agricultural technicians in Shuangcheng, among whom 7.2% are senior technicians, ranking fifth.
3. Living conditions
Per capita housing area. Peasant houses are mainly bungalows, and the residential structure is mainly brick-wood structure and brick-concrete structure. In 10 counties (cities), shangzhi city and founder county have the largest per capita living area, both of which are 2 1.87 square meters, and their brick-concrete and brick (stone) wood structures account for 83.8% and 62.3% respectively, ranking second and sixth respectively. The largest proportion of brick-concrete and brick (stone) wood structure is Shuangcheng, accounting for 85.7%. The largest proportion of bamboo and grass adobe structure is Yilan, accounting for 46.6%.
Drinking water supply. 75.9% of towns and villages in our city implement centralized water supply, and 1.2% of farmers have difficulty drinking water. In 10 counties (cities), Tonghe county uses the most pipeline water on average, accounting for 55%, and the average level of pure water treatment is the highest, accounting for 44. 1%, and the proportion of drinking water difficulty is relatively low, accounting for 1%. The average usage of tap water in wuchang city is the least, accounting for only 1 1.6%. The average level of pure water treatment is only 8.3%, and the proportion of drinking water difficulty is relatively low, accounting for 1%.
Structure of cooking energy. Nearly 90% of the energy used by rural families for cooking is firewood. In 10 counties (cities), yilan county used the most coal for cooking, accounting for 5.4%, and founder county used the least coal for cooking, accounting for 0.9%. The largest proportion of gas consumption is in Shuangcheng, with 3.3%.
Sanitary facilities. 76.2% rural residents in our city use simple toilets or no toilets. In 10 counties (cities), rural residents in Shuangcheng have the largest proportion of using dry toilets, accounting for 68.3%, and their towns with garbage disposal stations account for 33.3%, ranking second with Founder. Mulan County has the largest proportion of towns where domestic sewage is treated, accounting for 66.7%.
Transportation facilities. There are 96. 1% villages and 87.0% natural roads in the city, and the roads entering the village and the roads in the village are mainly gravel roads. In 10 counties (cities), the largest proportion of towns and villages with roads above Grade II is founder county, accounting for 75%, and all towns and villages can reach the county government within 1 hour. The smallest proportion of towns and villages above secondary roads is Shuangcheng, which is 29. 1%. The largest proportion of towns far away from the county (city) government is shangzhi city, accounting for 35.3%.
Heating facilities. More than 70% farmers in this city still use fire kang to keep warm. Among the counties (cities) with 10, the proportion of heating in Shuangcheng is the largest, accounting for 54.5%, and the air conditioner is at most 0. 1 1%. In Yanshou County, 92.4% people use kang to keep warm, and only 7.4% people keep warm.
4. Standard of living
Per capita net income of farmers. The per capita net income of farmers in all counties of the city is 4286 yuan 10. Among the counties (cities), the highest per capita net income is 473 yuan1yuan in Tonghe County and the lowest is 3628 yuan in Mulan County. 10 The per capita net income level of counties (cities) is relatively balanced, but the difference is also more than 1,000 yuan.
Cultural education. There are 1 1. 1% townships in the city with vocational and technical schools. Among 10 counties (cities), yilan county has the largest proportion of towns and villages with vocational and technical schools, accounting for 22.2%, with an average of 2 middle schools in each town, ranking fifth, and 10.6 primary schools ranking sixth. There are no vocational and technical schools in Yanshou County. On average, each township has 1.3 middle schools, ranking last, and1.3 primary schools, ranking seventh.
Entertainment and leisure activities. 65.6% of towns and villages in the city have radio and TV stations, 99.4% of villages can receive TV programs, and 75.2% of villages have installed cable TV. In 10 counties (cities), shangzhi city and yilan county 100% townships have radio and television stations, and the least is that Tonghe County only reaches 25%. The average gym in Yilan and Yanshou counties is 22.2%, while that in wuchang city is only 4.2%. On average, Bayan County has the largest number of parks, accounting for 22.2%, while Shuangcheng City has only 4.2%.
Medical and pension conditions. In 10 counties (cities), every township in yilan county has an average of 2. 1, and every township in Yanshou county has an average of 1. 1. Basically, every township has a nursing home, and only two townships in Tonghe County have a nursing home.
Durable goods per 100 households. Color TV sets are basically popular in our city, and the ownership rate is over 98%. Motorcycles and mobile phones have become the mainstream of farmers' daily consumption. In 10 counties (cities), the largest proportion of motorcycles is Yanshou County, accounting for 39.5%, and the ownership rates of fixed telephones, mobile phones and computers are 59.6%, 74.4% and 34.8%, ranking seventh, second and sixth respectively. Twin cities have the highest car ownership rate of 2.9%.
Through the comparative analysis of agricultural production conditions, agricultural production and business activities, rural infrastructure, rural residents' life and other aspects of the city 10 counties (cities). It can be seen that the agricultural economy continues to develop, the income structure is diversified, and the production and living conditions have improved. However, in some areas, cattle are still plowing and transplanting rice by hand, with low level of machinery and equipment and backward agricultural production technology; Agricultural management is mainly based on farming, with low income, poor living conditions and lack of strong protection for family life. All localities should base themselves on the foundation, highlight their advantages and compete for development. For example, Shuangcheng is a typical plain agricultural county, so we should rely on the advantages of resources, take the development path of "rooting in planting, expanding animal husbandry and deepening processing industry", persist in taking agricultural industrialization as the driving force, and realize the benign interactive development of workers and peasants through the development path of starting from basic agriculture, extending the agricultural and animal husbandry industrial chain and expanding the industrial scale. The five permanent members should give full play to the advantages of more arable land and a good foundation for grain production, focus on developing high-quality and efficient grain production, and build production bases such as rice, medicinal materials, melons and vegetables, animal husbandry and green food. Founder county should focus on the development of rice, edible fungi, northern medicine, specialty and other industries with distinctive advantages.