New materials refers to the new or developing, with traditional materials do not have excellent performance and special features of the material; or the use of new technologies (technology, equipment), so that the performance of traditional materials have significantly improved or produce new functional materials.
It is generally believed that some key materials to meet the needs of high-tech industrial development also belong to the category of new materials.
It is generally believed that some key materials needed to meet the development of high-tech industries also belong to the category of new materials.
It is generally believed that some key materials needed to meet the development of high-tech industries also belong to the category of new materials; It is generally believed that some key materials to meet the needs of high-tech industrial development also belong to the category of new materials. New materials industry (1) textile industry; (2) petroleum processing and coking industry; (3) chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industry; (4) chemical fiber manufacturing industry; (5) rubber products industry; (6) plastic products industry; (7) non-metallic mineral products industry; (8) ferrous metal smelting and calendering industry; (9) non-ferrous metal smelting and calendering industry; (10) metal products industry; (11) medical materials and medical products industry; (11) medical products industry; (11) medical materials and medical products industry; (11) medical materials and medical products industry; (11) medical materials and medical products industry; (11) medical materials and medical products industry; (11) medical materials and medical products industry; (11) medical materials and medical products industry; (12) medical materials and medical products industry; (13) medical materials and medical products industry; (14) medical materials and medical products industry (11) medical materials and medical products industry; (12) electrical equipment and electronic components manufacturing industry. Classification of new materials information materials electronic information materials and products supporting modern communications, computers, information networks, micro-mechanical intelligent systems, industrial automation and home appliances and other modern high-tech industries. The development scale and technical level of the electronic information materials industry, in the national economy has an important strategic position, is the most intense scientific and technological innovation and international competition in the field of materials. Microelectronic materials in the next 10 to 15 years is still the most basic information materials, optoelectronic materials will become the fastest growing and most promising information materials. Information materials can be mainly divided into the following categories: integrated circuits and semiconductor materials: silicon materials as the main body, new compound semiconductor materials and a new generation of high-temperature semiconductor materials are also an important part of the material, including high-purity chemical reagents and special electronic gases; optoelectronic materials: laser materials, infrared detector materials, liquid crystal display materials, high-brightness light-emitting diode materials, fiber optic materials and other fields; new types of electronic components materials: magnetic materials, magnetic materials, high brightness light-emitting diodes, optical fiber materials and so on. Electronic component materials: magnetic materials, electronic ceramic materials, piezoelectric crystal materials, information sensing materials and high-performance packaging materials. Current research hot spots and technological frontiers, including flexible crystals, photonic crystals, SiC, GaN, ZnSe and other wide bandwidth semiconductor materials represented by the third generation of semiconductor materials, organic display materials and a variety of nanoelectronic materials. Energy Materials Global energy consumption continues to grow, 80% of the energy from fossil fuels, in the long run, the need for non-polluting and sustainable development of new energy sources to replace all fossil fuels, the future of clean energy, including hydrogen, solar energy, wind energy, fusion energy. The key to solving the energy problem is the breakthrough of energy materials, whether it is to improve combustion efficiency to reduce resource consumption, or the development of new energy sources and the use of renewable energy have a very close relationship with the materials. Traditional energy materials: mainly to improve energy efficiency, to develop supercritical steam generating units and the overall coal gasification combined cycle technology, these technologies have high requirements for materials, such as engineering ceramics, new channel materials, etc.; hydrogen and fuel cells: hydrogen production, storage and utilization of materials and technologies required, fuel cell materials, etc.; green secondary batteries: nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries and high-performance polymer batteries and other new materials. Polymer batteries and other new materials; solar cells: polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, thin-film batteries and other materials; nuclear energy materials: new nuclear power reactor materials. New energy materials on the types of materials mainly include specialized thin films, polymer electrolyte, catalysts and electrodes, advanced optoelectronic materials, special spectral plastics and coatings, carbon nanotubes, metal hydride slurry, high-temperature superconducting materials, low-cost and low-energy civil engineering materials, lightweight, inexpensive and efficient insulating materials, lightweight, strong, composite structural materials, ultra-high-temperature alloys, ceramics and composites, radiation-resistant materials, low-activity materials, corrosion-resistant materials, and other materials, which can be used in the manufacture of solar cells, solar cells, and other materials. Low-activity materials, materials resistant to corrosion and pressure corrosion cracking, mechanical and plasma corrosion. Current research hotspots and technology frontiers include high-energy hydrogen storage materials, polymer battery materials, medium-temperature solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte materials, polycrystalline thin-film solar cell materials. Biomaterials Biomaterials are materials that are integrated with living systems to diagnose, treat, or replace tissues, organs, or enhance their functions. It involves materials, medicine, physics, biochemistry and modern high technology and many other disciplines, has become one of the main pillar industries in the 21st century. Many types of materials have been utilized in health treatment, including metals and alloys, ceramics, polymers (e.g. polyethylene tubing), composites and biomaterials. Polymer biomaterials is the most active field of biomedical materials; metal biomaterials are still the most widely used bearing implant materials, medical titanium and its alloys, as well as Ni-Ti shape memory alloys is a hot spot of research and development; inorganic biomaterials are getting more and more attention. International biomedical materials research and development of the main direction, one is to simulate the composition, structure and function of human hard and soft tissues, organs and blood to carry out the biomimetic or functional design and preparation, and the second is to give the material excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity or life activity. In terms of specific materials, they mainly include controlled release materials, tissue engineering materials, biomimetic materials, nano-biomaterials, biologically active materials, interventional diagnostic and therapeutic materials, biodegradable and absorbable biomaterials, new artificial organs, artificial blood and so on. Automotive Materials Automotive materials account for a small proportion of the overall materials market, but belong to the high technical requirements, high technology content, high value-added three high products, representing the industry's highest level. Demand for automotive materials presents the following characteristics: lightweight and environmental protection is the main demand for the development direction; a variety of materials in the automotive set of proportions are changing, the main trend is the use of high-strength steel and ultra-high-strength steel, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, plastics and composites will be a large increase in the amount of automotive body structural materials will tend to the direction of the design of the multi-materials. At the same time the recycling of automotive materials has been more attention, electric vehicles, alternative fuels, automotive materials and automotive functional materials, the development and application of the work continues to strengthen. Nanomaterials and Technology Nanomaterials and technology will become the fifth leading technology to promote the rapid development of various fields of society and economy, and the first 20 years of the 21st century will be a critical period for the development of nanomaterials and technology. Nanoelectronics instead of microelectronics, nanoprocessing instead of microprocessing, nanomaterials instead of micromaterials, nanobiotechnology instead of micrometer-scale biotechnology, which is an objective law that cannot be shifted by human will. Most of the research and development of nano-materials and technology is in the stage of basic research, such as nano-electronics and devices, nano-biological and other high-risk areas, and has not yet formed a large-scale industry. But nanomaterials and technology in the electronic information industry, biomedical industry, energy industry, environmental protection, etc., the preparation and application of related materials will have a revolutionary impact.... Superconducting materials and technology Superconducting materials and technology is the 21st century with strategic significance of high-tech, widely used in energy, health care, transportation, scientific research and national defense and military and other major fields. The use of superconducting materials mainly depends on the performance of the material itself and the development of its preparation technology. Low-temperature superconducting materials have reached a practical level, high-temperature superconducting materials industrialization technology has also made a major breakthrough, high-temperature superconducting strips and mobile communications with high-temperature superconducting filtering subsystems will soon enter the commercialization stage. Rare-earth materials Rare-earth materials are a series of irreplaceable, high-performance new materials developed by utilizing the excellent magnetic, optical, and electrical properties of rare-earth elements. Rare earth materials are widely used in metallurgy and machinery, petrochemical, light industry and agriculture, electronic information, energy and environmental protection, national defense and military and other fields, is the world's transformation of traditional industries, the development of high-tech and cutting-edge national defense technology indispensable strategic materials. Specifically include: rare earth permanent magnetic materials (such as magnetic liner): the fastest growing rare earth materials, including NdFeB, SmCo, etc., widely used in motors, electro-acoustic, medical equipment, magnetic levitation trains and military industry and other high-tech fields; hydrogen storage alloys: mainly used in power batteries and fuel cells; rare earth luminescent materials: there are new types of energy-saving and environmentally friendly light with rare earth luminescent materials, high definition, digital color television sets and computer monitors. Digital color television sets and computer monitors with rare-earth luminescent materials, and special or extreme conditions set of rare-earth luminescent materials, etc.; rare-earth catalytic materials: the focus of the development is to replace precious metals, reduce the cost of catalysts, and improve the anti-poisoning properties and stability of performance; rare-earth in the set of other new materials: such as precision ceramics, optical glass, rare-earth etching agents, rare-earth pigments, etc., are also being used in a higher rate of growth, such as rare-earth alloy: mainly used in power cells and fuel cells. Speed growth, such as rare earth electronic ceramics, rare earth inorganic pigments. New iron and steel materials Iron and steel materials are important basic materials, widely used in energy development, transportation, petrochemical, machinery and electricity, light industry and textile, health care, construction and building materials, home appliances, communications, national defense and construction of high-tech industries, and has a strong competitive advantage. The development of new iron and steel materials focuses on high performance iron and steel materials. The direction of its high performance, long life, in the quality of the organization has been refined and precise control to improve the cleanliness of steel and high uniformity of the development. new non-ferrous metal alloy materials mainly including aluminum, magnesium, titanium and other light metal alloys, as well as powder metallurgy materials, high-purity metal materials. Aluminum alloys: including a variety of new high-strength and high-toughness, high specific strength and high specific mode, high-strength corrosion-resistant weldable, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant aluminum alloys, such as Al-Li alloys; magnesium alloys: including magnesium alloys and magnesium-based composites, ultra-light and high plasticity Mg-Li-X alloys, etc.; titanium alloys: including a new type of titanium alloys for medical use, high-temperature titanium alloys, high-strength titanium alloys, low-cost titanium alloys, etc.; Powder metallurgy materials: Products Mainly includes iron-based, copper-based automotive parts, refractory metals, cemented carbides, etc.; high-purity metals and materials: the purity of the material to the purer direction, the impurity content of ppb level, product specifications to the direction of large-scale development. New building materials new building materials, including new wall materials, chemical building materials, new thermal insulation materials, building decoration materials. The international trend of building materials is to environmental protection, energy saving, multi-functional direction. The development trend of glass is toward functional, practical, decorative, safety and environmental protection in five directions, including the surface modification of the raw glass or finishing treatment, energy-saving low-e (Low-E) and sunlight control of low-emission (Sun-E) film glass, etc.; in addition, also includes energy-saving, environmentally friendly new building materials, as well as special series of cement to meet the special needs of the project. In addition, it also includes energy-saving, environmentally friendly new building materials, as well as special series of cement to meet the special needs of the project. New chemical materials chemical materials in the national economy has an important position in the aerospace, machinery, petroleum industry, agriculture, construction, automotive, home appliances, electronics, biomedical industries play an important role. New chemical materials mainly include organic fluorine materials, organic silicon materials, high-performance fibers, nano-chemical materials, inorganic functional materials, etc.; nano-chemical materials and special chemical coatings research hot spots. Refinement, specialization, functionalization of the chemical materials industry has become an important development trend. Eco-environmental materials Eco-environmental materials is recognized in the human ecological environmental protection of strategic significance and countries around the world have to take the road of sustainable development in the context of the proposed, generally believed that the eco-environmental materials are satisfactory performance and at the same time be given to the excellent environmental compatibility of the material. This kind of material is characterized by the consumption of resources and energy, ecological and environmental pollution is small, high recycling rate, and from the material manufacturing, use, waste until the recycling process of the entire life cycle of the ecological environment, are coordinated. Mainly include: environmentally compatible materials, such as natural materials (wood, stone, etc.), biomimetic materials (artificial bone, artificial organs, etc.), green packaging materials (green bags, packaging containers), ecological building materials (non-toxic decorative materials, etc.); environmental degradation materials (biodegradable plastics, etc.); environmental engineering materials, such as environmental restoration materials, environmental purification materials (molecular sieve, ionic sieve materials), environmental substitution materials (phosphorus-free laundry detergent materials). Materials (phosphorus-free laundry detergent additives) and so on. Eco-environmental materials research hot spots and development direction, including the design of recycled polymers (plastics), the theoretical system of environmental coordination evaluation of materials, materials to reduce the environmental load of the new technology, new technologies and new methods. New military materials military materials for national defense science and technology, the strength of the national defense force and the development of the national economy has an important role in promoting the material basis of weapons and equipment and technology, is an important factor in determining the performance of weapons and equipment, but also to expand the new functions of weapons and equipment and reduce the cost of the entire life of the weapons and equipment, and to achieve and maintain the competitive advantage of the weapons and equipment of the driving force. With the rapid development of weapons and equipment, the role of materials technology to support the development of the following trends: First, composite: through the micro, mesoscopic and macroscopic level of the composite greatly improve the comprehensive performance of the material; Second, multi-functional: through the material composition, organization, structure of the optimal design and precise control, so that a single material with a number of functions to simplify the structural design of the weapons and equipment to achieve miniaturization, high reliability; Third, the purpose of reliable; Third, to expand the new functions of weapons and equipment and reduce the cost of the entire life of weapons and equipment, to obtain and maintain the competitive advantage of weapons and equipment driving force. Third, high-performance: the comprehensive performance of the materials continue to optimize, in order to improve the performance of weapons and equipment to lay the material foundation; Fourth, low-cost: low-cost technology in the field of materials is a high-tech content of technology, the development and production of weapons and equipment has an increasingly important role. Development Planning On October 18, 2012, the State Council issued the "Decision on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries", pointing out that by 2020, the new materials industry will become a leading industry in the national economy. It actively develops advanced structural materials such as magnetic materials, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear-resistant piping materials, new alloy materials, as well as the research and production of related supporting products. In order to promote the development of new high-tech materials, cutting-edge technologies are included in the 863 theme program, strategic emerging industries are included in the 863 major program, key industries are included in the support program. 863 program to obtain financial support for key industries and the same amount of policy for the development of new materials and the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries pay equal attention.