Electricity applications can be divided into two categories of strong and weak power according to the strength of the power transmission power. Buildings and complexes of electricity generally refers to AC 220V50Hz and above the strong power. Mainly to provide people with electrical energy, electrical energy will be converted to other energy sources, such as air conditioning power, lighting power, power power and so on. Intelligent buildings in the weak power there are two main categories, one is the national provisions of the safety voltage level and control voltage and other low-voltage electrical energy, AC and DC points, AC 36V or less, DC 24V or less, such as 24V DC control power supply, or emergency lighting backup power. Another category is the information source containing voice, image, data and other information, such as telephone, television, computer information. People are accustomed to call the technology in the area of weak electricity as weak electricity technology. Visible intelligent buildings, the basic meaning of weak power technology is still the original meaning of weak power technology. Only with the rapid development of modern low power high technology, intelligent buildings in the application of low power technology is more and more extensive. Such as intelligent fire protection systems, monitoring systems, computer networks, building automation, intelligent broadcasting and so on. The degree of application of weak electricity technology determines the degree of intelligent building intelligence.
In general, the weak power system engineering refers to the second category of applications. Mainly includes: 1, television signal engineering, such as television monitoring system, cable television. 2, communications engineering, such as telephone. 3, intelligent fire engineering. 4, sound reinforcement and audio engineering, such as the district in the background music broadcasting, background music in the building. 5, integrated wiring project, mainly used for computer networks. With the rapid development of computer technology, hardware and software capabilities of the rapid and powerful, a variety of weak power system engineering and computer technology, the perfect combination of the various categories of the past is no longer as clear as before. The mutual integration of various types of engineering is system integration.
Intelligent residential community integration
Current intelligent residential development has the following trends:
①Provide a high degree of security, such as fire prevention, explosion-proof, anti-electrocution and other safety precautions. Set up automatic fire alarm, gas leakage alarm, security intercom, burglar alarm system.
② provide comfortable and pleasant high-grade living space and environment, such as comfortable indoor temperature and humidity, good lighting environment, appropriate hot and cold water supply. The air conditioning, lighting and other automatic control.
3 with adequate communication facilities to meet the requirements of the home office, such as telephone, fax, set-top box (STB), computers and so on.
④Provide colorful amateur cultural and educational life. Have a good video equipment, such as cable TV, satellite TV, graphic TV, two-way TV, audio or home theater.
5 Requirements for electrical equipment and household appliances to realize automation, remote control. Centralized management of water, electricity, gas and other energy consumption, in order to achieve the purpose of energy saving.
These social requirements stimulate the development of industrial technology, so that many products to adapt to the above requirements have come out. Such as the United States, "intelligent plastic house", this house through the computer system for indoor lighting, room temperature, water temperature automatically adjusted to make the bedroom plastic glass to change colors. Some intelligent homes, computer systems can be based on the weather, temperature, humidity, wind and other conditions automatically adjust the window switch to maintain the room's optimal state. If the weather is bad, the windows will immediately close, the air conditioning began to work; watching TV when the phone rings, the TV volume automatically shut down. If the sound volume is too loud at night, the windows of the room will be automatically closed to avoid affecting others and so on. Intelligent homes are naturally much more than these functions, generally considered to have the following four functions of the residence for intelligent homes:
①Security and defense automation systems. ② physical health and culture, entertainment automation system. ③Automated information management system. ③Automated system for information management. ④Automated system for food preparation.
Automation of household activities refers to housework, management, cultural life and general information. The so-called housework refers to the automation of home appliances, security facilities, energy management and so on. Management refers to household purchasing, economic management, household work and medical and health management. Cultural life refers to the use of computers for learning, entertainment, and artistic creation. Information management and communication refers to the use of communication networks and external communication and consulting services.
2 Intelligent housing Intelligent housing is characterized by the above functions. It is realized through the home technology center and the national network, etc.
2.1 Home Technology Center The Home Controller or Home Technology Center has functions such as security, automation and communication. Specifically as follows:
(1) Environmental control and protection monitoring including air conditioning control, lighting control, hot water control. (2)Family burglary and fire security management with fire alarm, gas leakage alarm, leakage alarm, intrusion alarm and other functions. Such as visual intercom protection door, anti-theft detectors, manual alarms, etc., smoke detectors, gas probes, etc. can be accessed, but also through the phone or other networks to the management center for the alarm. Management center to receive the signal can be processed directly. (3) Centralized control and remote control of home appliances. (4) Energy information management with electricity, water, gas, heat data collection and transmission functions. Also provides computer communication interface, can be networked with the community computer network or with the fiber optic coaxial cable hybrid network (fFC) networking.
The home controller can provide X-10, Ionworks, Cebus and other communication interfaces to connect to different home buses.
2.2 Home Networking
Home networking is the networking of various consumer electronics, computers and their peripherals. In general, the home network is divided into three main categories, the information network connecting computers and their peripherals, the audio-visual network connecting televisions, video recorders and stereos, and the control network connecting air conditioners and lighting equipment. The current trend is to unite these three networks, which is the home network.
The current trend in intelligent housing is to develop a home bus that connects all information system devices. This intelligent housing is characterized by:
①Home network system.
②Provide various services (automation of home activities) through the home network system.
③Capable of connecting other homes and the outside world.
Establishing a home network with a telephone line is a good choice. There are usually multiple telephone outlets in the home, and it is also fast in terms of transmission rate - 1Mbps for a telephone line and 35kbps for a power line. another way is to use a wireless home network, but it is more expensive, less reliable in terms of data transmission, and has a lower transmission rate. The use of fieldbus hnworks protocol (Echelon) as a home bus also has a great impact. Using X-10 company's X-10 protocol home bus also has a great application, which is a use of power lines as a control cable home control system, simplifying the installation and wiring of equipment.
2.3 Home Wiring System
Home wiring system supports voice, data, video, multimedia, home automation, environmental protection, security, television, alarms, sensors and so on. Home cabling system approved transmission media are unshielded twisted pair (UTP), coaxial cable, optical fiber. In each home to install a distribution device (Distributor warvice, DD) or wiring racks, building floors to establish floor wiring room, the building set up the main wiring room. The wiring system also supports the wiring of buildings in residential neighborhoods. In the United States has developed a home telecommunications cabling standards ANSI/EIA/rIA570A, there are a number of manufacturers to provide such products.
3 Intelligent residential community Intelligent residential community is based on residential intelligence to provide the following functions:
1) to provide security in residential communities. Such as closed-circuit television monitoring, electronic patrol system, perimeter protection, fire alarm and its fire linkage function, parking management facilities, emergency alarm facilities. ② provide residential community public **** building mechanical and electrical facilities automatic control and centralized monitoring functions. In the community property management center can be such as power distribution equipment, water supply and drainage equipment, elevators, heating equipment, community lighting and other equipment for monitoring and providing households with energy consumption measurement and automatic collection. ③ Provide electronic billboards and electronic query system in residential area, and provide background sound. ④ Provide residential community information and communication services and management, set up a comprehensive communication network, set up information services air station, integrated management of community information.
China's intelligent residential research, the 21st century is expected to enter the family use. At present, the construction of a number of intelligent residential district officials to the computer network as a bridge, combined with the communications system and office automation system, to realize the automation of residential management. It focuses on improving family education and residential security level.
4 Residential Intelligent System Design
The following is a residential intelligent system design program.
4.1 Project Overview
This project includes 30 high-rise, low-rise buildings and a community service center, a kindergarten, with a total construction area of about 300,000 m2.
4.2 Automatic Fire Alarm Devices
(1) Fire Automatic Alarm Devices (FAS) According to the specifications in the fire center is installed in the fire control device with automatic alarm control device mainframe, which is installed in the fire center. Automatic monitoring. In large public buildings, equipment rooms, aisles, front rooms, stairwells, etc. installed smoke detectors, heat detectors installed in the garage, detectors for analog type. Installation of automatic fire alarm control device substation in residential buildings, and installation of gas detectors in each residence. In all parts of the building set up a comprehensive alarm control board, above the monitor, bell, emergency telephone, emergency outlets and other components. (2) fire linkage control in the event of fire automatic fire alarm device automatically control fire extinguishing equipment, smoke equipment, fire shutter doors, elevators, power supply and other corresponding action. (3) Fire incident broadcasting in a variety of buildings in the basement, garage, equipment room, elevator front room, corridor speakers. (4) Specialized communication equipment for firefighting is set up as an independent firefighting telephone system. In a variety of building basements, garages, equipment rooms, elevator front room, corridors, property management rooms, security rooms, etc. set up fire telephone terminals or sockets.
4.3 Security system
Establishment of closed-circuit television monitoring system, access control and perimeter alarm, personnel access control equipment, security patrol equipment and visual telephone doorbells and other security systems. (1) closed-circuit television surveillance system (CCTV) in the community's main entrances and exits, community perimeter and the main entrances and exits of important buildings, parking lots, hall corridors, elevators, and other major areas have cameras, in the monitoring center has a multimedia monitor, the implementation of 24h monitoring. Alarm signal and camera linkage. Image automatic or manual switching, PTZ and camera lens remote control. (2) entrance and exit management and perimeter alarm system describes the monitoring, measurement of voltage and current and other important electrical circuit parameters, distribution and substation system switching status, fault alarms, remote operation and control of the community's public **** aisles, halls, parking garages, garden lighting systems and other places of the lighting, according to the time and date, the plan or the outdoor daylight for the automatic switching, monitoring the status of the switch monitoring, measurement of indoor and outdoor air parameters, according to the calculation of the starting and stopping HVAC equipment, the monitoring of the HVAC equipment. Calculating the start and stop of HVAC equipment, energy-saving operation, monitoring the operating status of water pumps, and monitoring the level of various pools to report water supply and drainage alarms. Drinking water filtration and bacteriological equipment monitoring and control monitoring of elevator operation, automatic scheduling and operation control, record elevator operation time window and other open parts of the device to prevent a variety of sensors, you can find out if there are unauthorized access to the illegal entry of unauthorized persons. Alarm buttons are set up at each residence. Night and perimeter searchlight linkage. (3) personnel access control equipment (Amin S) in order to protect the security of important rooms or entrances and exits with magnetic card door locking system. (4) security patrol equipment in the security patrol route of the building at each place to set up patrol equipment, recording security personnel patrol time. Recorder in the monitoring center. (5) intercom or visual intercom security door for residents and visitors to contact, the use of intercom or visual intercom phone, with a remote control door lock function. In case of fire, the door lock can be opened automatically.
4.4 Building Automation System (BAS)
The district power distribution, power, lighting, HVAC, water supply and drainage and elevator facilities such as monitoring and control. Achieve optimized management to reduce energy consumption and equipment failure rate. (1) in large public **** building in order to achieve energy saving and security purposes, the use of microcomputer control system, the distribution of power, power, lighting, HVAC, water supply and drainage monitoring and control management is centralized in the monitoring center (also known as the fire center). Monitoring content as shown in the table. (2) set up a home automation system to realize the home appliances and remote control of the self-control of each residential electricity meter, water meter and gas meter are used in the remote transmission type, the user data can be transmitted to the management center for automatic processing. Each residence is equipped with a home controller, through the phone can be on the air conditioning and other home appliances self-control and remote control.
Table Monitoring Content
System Description Distribution and Transformer System Monitoring, measuring voltage and current and other important electrical circuit parameters, switch status, fault alarm, remote control operation. Lighting system Controls the lighting of public **** aisles, halls, parking garages, gardens and other places in the community, automatically switches and monitors the status of the switches according to the time and date, schedule or outdoor daylight. HVAC Monitor and measure indoor and outdoor air parameters, start and stop equipment according to calculations, and operate in an energy-saving manner. Water Supply and Drainage Monitor the operation status of water pumps, and monitor and alarm the liquid level of various pools. Drinking water filtration and bacteriostatic equipment monitoring and control. Elevator Monitor the elevator running status, automatic scheduling operation control, record running time.
4.5 Parking management system (CPS)
In the large public **** parking garage parking management system. The use of remote non-contact smart card automatic charging. In the entrance and exit set card reader and stall car, system controller, computer, cash register, display screen and so on. The system can be networked with the BAS system.
4.6 Communication equipment (ICS)
This project has a telephone, cable broadcasting, television system, public **** display and information query device a variety of communication equipment.
(1) The telephone system adopts the direct way of the city, the user can apply for confidential telephone, fax, domestic or international long-distance calls, etc. according to need. Can also be connected to the Internet, e-mail, voice paging, online education, online shopping, stock operations, medical services. Each residential living room and master bedroom with a telephone terminal socket. (2) cable broadcasting (PA) in the public **** building has a general business broadcasting and emergency broadcasting equipment. Speakers are provided in residential elevator lobbies and inner corridors. Loudspeakers are provided outdoors for background sound and emergency broadcasting. Broadcast control equipment is located in the monitoring center. (3) Television system (CTV) on the roof of the public **** building installation of television antennas and satellite television antennas, while access to the cable television system. Can also run their own programs or provide two-way interactive television services (VOD). Each residential living room, master bedroom with television outlets. (4) public **** display and information query device in the public **** building information service facilities, can provide information query service. Information query desk set up in the public **** building foyer, can display and query information, such as the distribution of households in the district, traffic and tourism, commercial outlets and commodity prices, film and television theater information. Electronic bulletin boards in the entire district.
4.7 Computer network
In the public **** building with a computer network system, including property management, resident information management, office automation, teleconferencing, data communication and exchange. Each residential building has a network switch. Information sockets are set up in the living room and master bedroom of each residence. The entire district can be connected to the computer network system, becoming an intelligent district.
4.8 Structured cabling system
In the public **** building using structured cabling system for telephone and computer network communication services. In each building on the first floor to set up the main wiring room, buried telephone and data communications cable pipe, pre-buried fiber optic cable pipe 'future introduction of fiber optic cables. Structured cabling distribution frames are set up in the weak electricity shafts on each floor for LAN (UN) and telephone use. Installation of home multi-coal network cabling system in each residential building and each house, which will support home audio-visual entertainment system, home automation system, Internet access, home office, etc. Can access the outside world of public **** information network, such as CATV, Internet.