The origin of industrial design
Design originates from the needs of life, and the moment human beings solve the needs of life, the design comes into being. When human ancestors began to utilize the most primitive natural materials to make simple tools, the idea of design had sprouted in their brains. Although they started to make the necessary tools unconsciously, such as using stones, tree poles, bones, animal hides, stems and vines, etc., the manufacture and use of these tools improved their ability to survive, to obtain more food, to build their own shelters, and to fight with ferocious beasts with the most primitive tools, so that human beings could survive well. With the continuous improvement of human wisdom, technological progress, the invention of smelting technology, from the earliest Stone Age, into the Bronze Age and the Iron Age, each stage marks the human being into a new invention design era, the design of the idea has been gradually integrated into the production of various uses, design is not imaginary.
Industrial design in the modern sense accompanied by the emergence of the industrial revolution in the late 18th century in Britain and the rise of the invention of the steam engine, marking the arrival of the industrial revolution, which brought about a huge change in the mode of production, improved production efficiency and speed. Mechanized production gradually replaced manual labor, changing the way people used to live and work, and society began to enter the industrial age. Design and manufacturing began to separate, with the development of social industrialization, industrial design was born. Now industrial design originated in Europe and developed in the United States.
In 1919, the famous German architect, design theorist Walter Gropes in Weimar, Germany, to create the world's first entirely for the development of design education and the establishment of the College - Bauhaus (Bauhuas) College. In April 1933 by the German Nazi government forcibly closed. Although the Bauhaus existed for a short period of time, it had a profound impact on modern design. From the specific impact, it laid the foundation for the structure of modern design education, the world's design education institutions, and even art education colleges and universities pass the basic course, is the first Bauhaus. This basic course structure, the study of planar and three-dimensional structure, the study of materials, the study of color, independent of the three aspects, so that visual education for the first time more firmly established on a scientific basis. Bauhaus also began the use of modern materials, to mass production for the purpose of industrial product design education with modernist features, laid the basic face of modernist industrial product design, industrial product design has a profound impact.
Introduction to the history of the development of industrial design
Industrial design originated in the Bauhaus (Bauhaus, 1919/4/1?1933/7), Germany, Weimar city, "public Bauhaus school" (Staatliches Bauhaus), short for, and then renamed "Hochschule f?r Gestaltung" (School of Design), customarily still called "Bauhaus". After the reunification of Germany, the school of design in Weimar was renamed the Bauhaus-Universit?t Weimar (Bauhaus-Universit?t Weimar). Her establishment marked the birth of modern design and had a profound impact on the development of modern design in the world, and the Bauhaus was the first institute in the world to be established solely for the development of modern design education. The word "Bauhaus" was coined by Gropius and is a translation of the German word Bauhaus, inverted from the German word Hausbau (house building).
The first phase (1919?1925), the Weimar period. Gropius (WALTER GROPIUS) as principal, put forward the "new unity of art and technology" lofty ideals, shouldering the sacred mission of training 20th century designers and architects. He recruited a wide range of talented people, artists and craftsmen hired to teach, the formation of a new type of education system combining art education and handmade; the second stage (1925?1932), the Dessau period. Bauhaus in Dessau, Germany, rebuilt, and curriculum reform, the implementation of the design and production of teaching methods integrated teaching, and achieved excellent results. 1928 Gropius resigned from the post of principal of the Bauhaus, by the head of the Department of Architecture, Hannes Meyer (HANNS?). Meyer (HANNS MEYER) succeeded. This ****-producer architect, the Bauhaus artistic radicalization to political radicalization, so that the Bauhaus is facing more and more political pressure. In the end, Meyer himself had to resign in 1930 and was succeeded by L MIES VAN DE ROHE. The successor Mies faced pressure from the Nazi forces, and did his best to keep the school running, and was finally forced to close the Bauhaus after the Nazis took over Dessau in October 1932;
The third stage (1932?1933), the Berlin period. The Bauhaus was a major player in the world's most prestigious city. L. Mies van der Rohe moved the school to a new building in Berlin. The school moved to an abandoned office building in Berlin, trying to regroup, because the spirit of the Bauhaus for the German Nazis can not, in the face of the Nazi government has just come to power, Mies was finally unable to return to heaven, in August of that year announced the permanent closure of the Bauhaus. 1933, the Bauhaus was closed in November, had to end the course of its 14 years of development.
The Bauhaus was formed by the merger of the Weimar School of Art and the School of Arts and Crafts, with the aim of training a new breed of designers. Although the Bauhaus was called the School of Architecture, until 1927 there were no architectural specialties, only subjects such as textiles, ceramics, goldsmithing, glass, sculpture, printing, etc. Therefore, the Bauhaus was primarily a design school. In terms of design theory, Bauhaus put forward three basic ideas: ① the new unity of art and technology: ② the purpose of design is people rather than products: ③ design must be carried out in accordance with the laws of nature and objectivity. These points of view for the development of industrial design has played a positive role, so that modern design gradually from idealism to realism, that is, rational, scientific ideas to replace artistic self-expression and romanticism.
The development status of domestic industrial design
Due to historical reasons, in China's relatively systematic introduction of industrial design concepts and methods for more than 30 years, the first 20 years of slow development. With the implementation of the scientific concept of development, the transformation of the development mode of demand, ten years of industrial design development has greatly accelerated the pace. Comrade Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Premier Wen Jiabao and other national leaders times have relevant important instructions and instructions; national "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" and the government's work report are included in the development of industrial design; in 2010, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other 11 ministries jointly issued a special document. In 2010, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other 11 ministries and commissions jointly issued a special document "on the promotion of industrial design development of a number of guiding opinions"; at the end of 2011, the State Council issued the "Industrial Transformation and Upgrading" five-year plan, as well as in early 2012 the General Office of the State Council issued the "on accelerating the development of high-tech service industry of the guiding opinions," the two important documents, have specifically emphasized the development of industrial design. More than 20 provinces, cities and prefectures such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shenzhen have formulated policies and measures to promote the development of industrial design. In the "general environment" greatly improved, some of the original leading enterprises continue to lead, a number of emerging after the enterprise rushed forward, emerged a number of leaders and excellent products, many products not only won the domestic "Red Star Award", but also won the international well-known award. The award is not only the domestic "Red Star Award", but also internationally recognized awards.
Take Shenzhen as an example. China's industrial design industry development mode and prospect forecast analysis report" [1] data show that in 2011, Shenzhen, all kinds of industrial design organizations nearly 5000, in the professional industrial designers and practitioners more than 60,000 people. 2010 annual industrial design output value of nearly 2 billion, 2011 industrial design output value growth is also in more than 25%, and through the industrial design of industrial value added value of more than 100 billion. Meanwhile, Shenzhen has already formed an industrial design center with a concentration of more than 100 billion yuan. Meanwhile, Shenzhen has formed 45 creative design industrial parks with clustering effect, and 6 industrial design demonstration bases and enterprises in Guangdong Province*** In 2011, a bottle cap designed by Shangshan Industrial Design Co., Ltd. which is specially designed for the elderly, children and other people to open, won the 2011 German Red Dot Award.
China's design industry has made great strides in the development of the design industry in Beijing, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta region showed a thriving situation at the same time, the overall level of maturity of the developed regions have a greater gap. But China's industrial design industry still has a greater potential for development, the problem lies in how to correctly and reasonably guide, which needs to learn from the experience of the development of advanced foreign countries, to find out the mode suitable for the development of China, to realize the take-off of China's industrial design industry.
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