1, on the value of the design
In the view of many people, water treatment works easier, most projects look at the general know how, a little more effort can be made out of some of the "innovation". So many years down the line, a variety of proprietary technical terms are endless, and its actual content is often similar, a variety of environmental protection companies have also been followed. In this process of imitation and replication, the best are slowly accumulating experience and lessons learned, and there are also many people who fall down and do not know the direction. There is a saying in the industry that "good project managers are smashed out of money", and at the same time to understand is that in the absence of respect for the objective law, the money can not be smashed out of a good project manager. For a project, the design of the project is the main line of project control, often plays a vital role, and in complex projects, the design of the good or bad basically determines the success or failure of the project.
Design has always been something more than a simple process of reference and refinement, but something very much alive. Each project has different external conditions, from the analysis of water quality and quantity to regional variability, as well as the user's habits and input and output expectations. All of these need to be fully analyzed and communicated, and coordinated through systematic and specialized means, so that the project can be constructed economically and efficiently and achieve the intended process purpose.
In a way, design is a creative act, with its core value. Valuable design should have the following characteristics:
1) a good understanding of the purpose of the project process, fully guarantee the function of the project itself.
2) Considering different user habits and the external environment of the architectural aesthetics, etc., all aspects of the project to achieve a balanced state.
3) Engineering design and construction work closely together, saving the project organization costs.
2, the difference between design and drawing
Design and drawing have essential differences.
Generally speaking, the design refers to a complete system is responsible for, including the project's basic design conditions for the confirmation of the design process of various elements of the trade-offs and choices, but also includes the design of drawings and with the project implementation. In the actual design of the work, in order to ensure the correctness and rationality of the design, the preliminary need to spend a lot of energy for the collection and confirmation of basic project information, such as site visits and communication with the owner to confirm, etc., in the process of designing a variety of options for discussion and selection, and a variety of changes in external conditions due to the repetition of some projects need to carry out on-site testing and other work. All of the above work needs to be based on a solid professional foundation, combined with the actual situation of the project to carry out comprehensive judgment, in the case of insufficient conditions also need to carry out appropriate prediction, comprehensive quality requirements.
Drawing is a part of design, and it is the basic skill that designers should have. In the specific drawing of the work, the process route and the overall scheme has been determined, mainly the general plan and the individual refinement of the design work, meticulous and repetitive labor more. Drawing should first fully understand the design intent, in order to refine the design of less detours, high quality, fast completion of the drawing task.
3, the design needs to be familiar with and master the basic knowledge
Design needs to have a good foundation of various aspects of professional knowledge and skills, including the following:
1) basic theory of wastewater treatment
Process design needs to master the basic theory of the relevant, including the components and characteristics of wastewater, pollutants, removal mechanisms, but also need to have a basic knowledge of hydraulic calculation. Have a basic knowledge of hydraulic calculations.
Engineering design is ultimately for the purpose of process services, only based on the basic theory, the design is rooted design.
2) National standards, norms and manuals
National standards and norms promulgated to regulate the construction of the project are mandatory and need to be observed in the design.
Design manuals are compiled to facilitate the design work, the manuals are more comprehensive to cover the various methods of design, is an important reference material. Designers should familiarize themselves with it and use it wisely.
3) conventional unit design
Design is for specific projects and the composition of the project of the various process units, the need to have a full understanding of the design elements of the process unit in order to carry out process design work.
4) Basic engineering drawing
Engineering design is articulated through the language of drawings, understanding of the basic theory of projection, the country's basic drawing regulations, the composition of the drawings and the depth of the requirements, etc., can make a standardized beginning of the design of drawings.
AutoCAD software is a general-purpose drawing software, need to master the basic drawing skills.
5) equipment, instrumentation and piping knowledge
Equipment, instrumentation and piping are essential components of the project, you need to master the relevant knowledge, familiar with the specifications and parameters and conditions of use in order to carry out a reasonable selection and design, so that the project construction in line with the design requirements.
6) auxiliary professional routine knowledge
Process designers also need to understand the structure of the building, electrical automation and other auxiliary professional routine knowledge, in the professional cooperation in order to smooth docking.
4, different stages of the ability to demand
For designers, the design work to start the entry point of different, but no matter what kind of work, to grow quickly, you need to pay attention to familiarize with and master a variety of basic skills.
5, about the design cycle
Good design needs to consume a lot of energy, in every aspect of the careful consideration and trade-offs, and implemented into the text and drawings. It also involves the cooperation and coordination of all parties, and requires reasonable feedback and decision-making time, which combine to form the design cycle.
Mature design teams with extensive experience are much more efficient and have shorter design cycles. To have a shorter design cycle, in addition to the ability to execute, the test is the design team's ability to make comprehensive judgments, especially in the immature conditions of the ability to pre-judgment, can quickly grasp the main line of the project in the chaos of the demand, coordinate to solve the key problems, and guide the implementation of the project.
Two, began to participate in the design
For the novice, began to participate in the design of the work, often from some simple things to do:
1, the project site to implement the cooperation
Project site implementation with the cooperation of the designers should have the experience of the field to assist in solving the site of the construction and the drawings of the relevant issues at the same time, it can help to deepen the understanding of the construction drawings of the composition, exercise the drawings and the actual practice of the design of the design of the project. The ability to link the drawings to the actual project can be practiced. For a mature design engineer, the accumulation of rich field experience is essential.
2, the drawing design of simple process monomer
From the simple and relatively easy to understand the drawing, start to contact the design work, such as catchment basin, pumping station, etc.. In the case of the overall workload is not large, can understand and familiar with the design process and key points, drawing drawing skills, cooperation between the various specialties and so on. In the completion of the task at the same time, more information in the easy water purification network (www.ep360.cn.) on the drawing design work to form an overall understanding. Drawing to develop good habits, need to do the following:
1) do not copy the map: an effective way to improve the efficiency of the design is to refer to external drawings, but at the same time the design of the most likely to make the mistake of simply copying the map. One of the biggest differences is that the reference drawings are based on the basic theory and design specifications, in the design of other design results. Copying a drawing is simply changing the drawing on other people's results without considering the applicability of the design, which can easily lead to inconsistency between the design and the actual needs of the project, and design errors.
2) Fully understand the unit process function: the unit process function is fundamental, in the design of often due to changes in external conditions need to make some adjustments. Only a full understanding of the process function, adjust the flexibility, and does not affect the purpose of the process.
3) Cautiously face the demand for equipment installation and maintenance: equipment manufacturers generally provide installation drawings, and equipment manufacturers often provide a general picture, or drawings of other similar projects, not necessarily fully match the needs of the project. Design needs to fully understand the installation and maintenance conditions of the equipment, combined with the actual external conditions and needs of the project and then targeted design considerations, in order to ensure the rationality of the design.
3, program production participation
In the case of process routes and design parameters are relatively clear, based on specifications and manuals as the basic basis for design calculations, checking, equipment selection, etc., with the perfect program. It is easier to participate in simple written work, and at the same time, you can familiarize yourself with basic design calculations, equipment selection, and other skills.
The growth of design experience is a gradual process, and it is especially important to pay attention to the accumulation of basic skills if you want to go higher on the design ability ladder.
Three, the growth of design experience
1, a good state of mind
Do a good job of long-term intentions. Wastewater treatment engineering involves a wide range of knowledge requirements of the whole, the project construction cycle is generally longer, mature designers are required to have a large number of project experience, and through the experience of the complete project, generally need at least 3 to 5 years or more time. And in the work, a lot of time is actually dealing with very trivial things, including a variety of iterations, but these jobs are very often necessary, any neglect may bring some bad consequences. Design work needs to have a good mindset, on the one hand, trivial work can be familiar with the process, on the other hand, the process of various errors and repetitions is actually the process of design ability to improve.
2, the habit of getting to the bottom of the matter
Design work as much as possible to find out a variety of design considerations of the original starting point, process parameters can generally be restored to the theoretical basis for the design of ancillary general and economic, installation and maintenance conditions and ease of operation. With the habit of searching for the root of the design can be built on a solid foundation.
3, the skills of work
The task before the start, to fully understand the core needs of the task, first meet the completion of the basic tasks, and then according to their own characteristics of the appropriate play. Work should first obey the overall arrangement in order to improve the overall efficiency, design in the middle of the understanding, communication and coordination skills are very important, is an important component of the design ability.
4, the precipitation of design ability
We usually accumulate more problems, through the design project participation, site visits and other relevant experience, more active participation in the discussion, the experience will be transformed into their own precipitation of design ability. With the precipitation of design ability, can be combined with the project, the formation of their own independent insights into the design, can really have the ability to independently undertake the project.
You can also go to the easy water network library to see, there are a lot of sewage treatment design program cases can learn from.