The discipline applies modern medicine and other scientific and technological means to study the relationship between human health and environmental factors, and to formulate strategies and measures for disease prevention and control, in order to control diseases, safeguard people's health, and prolong the life span of human beings. With the development of the medical model, the specialty increasingly shows its importance in medical science.
The program trains health practitioners who are engaged in preventive medicine laboratory work and scientific research, and who have certain knowledge of health management and foreign language skills. Students can systematically master the basic theories, basic knowledge and basic skills of the specialty on the basis of mastering the theoretical knowledge and skills of general clinical medicine, and can use the knowledge and skills learned to engage in practical work and scientific research work.
Objective of business training: this specialty cultivates senior medical professionals who have basic theoretical knowledge of preventive medicine and health detection technology, and who can be engaged in preventive medicine in institutions such as sanitary and epidemic prevention, environmental hygiene or food hygiene monitoring.
Business Training Requirements: The students of this specialty mainly learn the basic theoretical knowledge of basic medicine and preventive medicine, receive the basic training of hygiene testing technology and disease control, and have the basic ability to work on hygiene and epidemic prevention, control of infectious and occupational diseases, improvement of environmental hygiene of the population, and implementation of food hygiene supervision.
Graduates should acquire the following knowledge and abilities:
1. master the basic theoretical knowledge of preventive medicine and the basic ability of epidemic prevention;
2. master the basic ability of hygienic testing and supervision of the crowd's labor, life, study, environment and food;
3. have the ability to analyze the factors that affect the health of the crowd and the prevalence of diseases;
3. have the ability to analyze the factors that affect the health of the crowd and the prevalence of diseases. Ability to analyze the various factors affecting the health of the population and the epidemiology of diseases, and to formulate measures and plans for the prevention of diseases and the promotion of the health of the population;
4. Familiarity with the national guidelines, policies and regulations on national health;
5. Familiarity with the basic theoretical knowledge of clinical medicine and the prevention and treatment techniques of common diseases and diseases, as well as with the work of health education;
6. Mastery of basic methods of literature retrieval, data searching, computer application and statistical analysis, and a certain degree of scientific research and supervision. The students have the ability to conduct scientific research and practical work.
Main subjects: basic medicine, preventive medicine
Major courses: biochemistry, medical microbiology, immunology, physiology, pathology, diagnostics, internal medicine, health statistics, health chemistry, epidemiology, infectious diseases, health toxicology, environmental hygiene, nutrition and food hygiene, labor hygiene and occupational diseases, children and adolescents, social medicine and health administration. Health Care Management, etc.
Year of study: five years
Degree conferred: Bachelor of Medicine
Similar majors: Clinical Medicine
Opening colleges and universities
Guangzhou Medical College (five years) Anhui University of Science and Technology (five years)
Chongqing Medical University (five years) GUIYANG Medical College (five years) KUANMING MEDICAL CAREER UNIVERSITY (five years)
Lanzhou University (five years) QINGHAI MEDICAL COLLEGE (five years) five years) Qinghai Medical College (five years) Ningxia Medical College (five years)
Xinjiang Medical University (five years) Capital Medical University (five years) Tianjin Medical University (five years)
Beijing Coal Medical College (five years) Hebei Medical University (five years) Shanxi Medical University (five years)
Nemenggu University of Science and Technology (five years) Shenyang Medical College (five years) Liaoning Normal University ( (five years)
Beihua University (five years) Harbin Medical University (five years) Qiqihar Medical College (five years)
Nanjing Medical University (five years) Wenzhou Medical College (five years) Anhui Medical University (five years)
Fujian Medical University (five years) Jiangxi Medical College (five years) Jining Medical College (five years)
Zhengzhou University (five years) Nanhua University (five years) Guangdong Pharmaceutical University (five years)
Guangxi Medical University (five years) Central University for Nationalities (five years) Southeast University (five years)
Nantong University (five years) Peking University (five years) China Medical University (five years)
Jilin University (five years) Fudan University (five years) Shandong University (five years)
University of Science and Technology of Huazhong (five years) Central South University (five years) Sun Yat-sen University (five years)
Sichuan University (five years) Xi'an Jiaotong University (five years) Suzhou University (five years)
Zhejiang University (five years) Wuhan University of Science and Technology (five years) Bengbu Medical College (five years)
Yichun College (five years) Wuhan University (five years) Luzhou Medical College (five years)
Weifang Medical College (five years )
Professional Comprehensive Introduction
Preventive medicine is differentiated from the system of medical science, it is the study of the prevention and elimination of disease, hygiene, enhance physical fitness, improve and create a production environment conducive to health and living conditions of science. The difference between preventive medicine and clinical medicine lies in the fact that it takes the population as its object rather than being limited to the individual as its object. One of the trends in the development of medicine is to develop from individual medicine to group medicine, and it is impossible to leave the group and group medicine methods for the real and complete solution of many medical problems today.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, from the experience of defeating virulent infectious diseases such as smallpox, cholera, and bubonic plague, mankind gradually established a relatively perfect theory and system of preventive medicine. 1949, China's health and epidemic prevention entered a brand new period. Look at the "small flower" on the upper part of our arm, it is the "cowpox vaccine" inoculated shortly after birth, which is to prevent smallpox, a disease that has claimed the lives of countless people in Europe and our country, even if we are lucky enough to survive, we will still be left with big and small "pockmarks" on our faces. "Even if they survived, they would be left with large and small pockmarks on their faces. In recent years, children born in China have no longer been vaccinated against this disease, because the germs of smallpox have completely disappeared from the country.
The mission of preventive medicine requires that it must be far-sighted, oriented to the future of medicine, and consider human diseases and health problems from a strategic height. Preventive medicine cultivates talents with forward-looking and visionary thinking, able to grasp the big picture from the whole. Investigation and analysis is the basic research method of preventive medicine, need to rely on field observation and experimental research two types of analytical tools, mostly using health statistics and epidemiology and other methods, students will receive systematic statistics, computers and other subjects of education.
Nowadays, almost every medical school has a preventive medicine program, and a bachelor's degree in medicine is awarded after graduation. Because of our country's large population and vast territory, the supply of preventive medicine personnel is far from catching up with the demand, and the relative number of people to be far fewer than the clinical medicine profession, so the graduates of this specialty have more choices, want to continue to further study, you can read a master's degree, doctoral degree, in-depth study of a field of preventive medicine; want to participate in the work, there is also a relatively wide range of employment surface, you can go to the government's health department, engaged in the management of the health industry, health economic policy formulation, etc., and the students will have a good opportunity to work in the health sector.
Preventive medicine code: 100201.
Three, the development of professional education
Preventive medicine is with the creation of modern medicine and statistics, microbiology and the gradual development of the perfect. Preventive medicine was founded in the 19th century after the three major discoveries of natural science in Europe, then there is no specialized preventive medicine education and specializing in preventive medicine, but by the general medical personnel. Until the 20th century, after World War I, due to the great lack of professionals to solve population health problems, developed countries in Europe and the United States, as well as Russia, opened departments of preventive and social medicine and public **** health departments in medical schools, mainly for the student period and post-graduation education. After the Second World War, the role of public **** hygienists has been more attention, Europe and the United States and Russia have opened specialized public **** hygiene colleges.
China's preventive medicine program was founded in the turbulent war years. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, a large number of refugees, the emergence of the wounded so that infectious diseases and infectious diseases are widespread, the medical school of Beiping, Shanghai, Chongqing and other major cities in the Nationalist Region of the medical school of the University of General Affairs, the opening of the Department of Public **** hygiene, recruited a small number of students specializing in public **** hygiene. The liberation zone in 1940 in Yan'an founded China Medical University, also opened a preventive medicine, training a number of public **** health professionals, for the founding of the country after the development of professional education in preventive medicine laid the foundation.
Early liberation, the masses in the vast areas of our country after suffering from the ravages of war in the poor and sick, a variety of epidemics are widely prevalent, heavy prevention and control work, the urgent need for a large number of professionals. 1950, the Ministry of Health put forward the "prevention-oriented" approach to health, and in some of the higher medical schools in the start of the public **** health specialties. In August 1954, the Ministry of Health held the Tenth National Conference on Higher Medical Education, to determine the preventive medicine program for five years, from 1955 onwards. 1955, the Ministry of Health decided to adjust and merge the existing nine public **** health professionals into six. 1955, according to the fall of the country's six administrative divisions, the establishment of the Department of Health of the Beijing Medical College, the Department of Health of the University of Medical Sciences, Shanxi, the Department of Health of the Shanghai First Medical College, the Department of Health of the Shanghai First Medical College, the Department of Health of the Shanghai First Medical College, the Department of Health of the Shanghai First Medical College. In the fall of 1955, according to the six administrative divisions of the country, the Department of Health of Beijing Medical College, the Department of Health of Harbin Medical University, the Department of Health of Shanxi Medical College, the Department of Health of Shanghai First Medical College (now incorporated into Fudan University), the Department of Health of Wuhan Medical College, and the Department of Health of Sichuan Medical College were established, and in that year, there were 1,702 students of the national public **** health professions. Department of Health 17, to the summer of 1962, 17 health department, have successively dismounted, still retaining the original 6, equipment and faculty steadily rising, enrollment scale with the former level.
Europe and the United States are very important to the soundness of the public **** health and improve, there is a complete health epidemic prevention and social health care system. Therefore, developed and middle-developed countries public **** health professional education is very developed. According to the World Health Organization 94 years of statistics, 54 countries in Europe and the United States, public **** health schools have 284, its graduates will be mainly engaged in environmental monitoring, health missions, health legislation and other work. The current state of international education in the United States, for example: the United States currently has nearly 30 years of independent public **** health colleges, the source of its students have completed undergraduate education of medical and non-medical students. The general policy of the United States of America public **** health education is "based on the group, closely integrated with the group treatment and prevention", basic statistics, sociology, economics, political science, nutrition, health engineering, management, etiology and so on. Specialized courses are all related to groups and communities: they include epidemiology, health education, disease control planning, public health planning, environmental health, health management, applied nutrition, occupational health, health information systems, and so on. The main classroom is not in the classroom, but in the community. This U.S. model of education has been increasingly recognized around the world.
After the reform and opening up, the cause of preventive medicine education has been vigorously developed, the original six health departments of the quality of teaching and learning continues to improve. 81 years, the Sichuan Medical College set up a health inspection specialty, the Wuhan Medical College set up an additional specialty of environmental medicine.
In April 1985, Harbin Medical University in the original Department of Health on the basis. First built a public **** College of Health, with health, health inspection, health management, nutrition and food hygiene 4 specialties, **** 15 teaching and research departments. Following, Beijing Medical University (has been merged into Peking University Medical Department), Shanghai Medical University, West China Medical University (merged into Sichuan University in 2000), Tongji Medical University (merged into the newly established Huazhong University of Science and Technology in 2000) have established public **** health colleges, by 95 years, the country **** there are public **** health faculties and departments **** 41, total enrollment of 5,753. 1981, the Harvard Medical University and other former health departments, with health testing, health management, nutrition and food hygiene 4 specialties, **** 15 teaching and research departments. Since 1981, the health departments of the former six medical schools, such as the Harvard Medical University, began to enroll graduate students with master's degrees or higher. By 1995, ten medical universities had opened postgraduate programs, and graduate schools had been set up at North Medical University, Shanghai Medical University, and Union Medical College, while Xi'an Medical University (now Xi'an Jiaotong University) and the University of Alabama in the U.S. had jointly established a program in social medicine and health care management, with an enrollment of 20 students and a three-year course of study. According to the relevant departments of statistics, by 98, China's public **** health professionals have trained 648 master's degree students, 32 doctoral students.
At present, the international community is generally promoting the "American model". With the further improvement of the social health care system in western countries, social health care will become the dominant health care system, and the increasingly serious environmental health problems and the resulting occupational disease epidemics will become a threat to human health of the number one killer. Therefore, the United States public **** health education advocated by the "based on the group, based on the principle of social" and public **** health education from the medical field to the social field of the transition of the policy is increasingly accepted, and will be with the western society, "the pursuit of health, return to nature" trend of thinking and popularization. It is also expected that the trend of "health and nature" in Western societies will become more popular. We can make such an outlook, public *** health professional education will become more and more prominent independence, will no longer only the medical field, but medicine, sociology, environmental education of multidisciplinary collection.
China's economic income and cultural literacy is constantly improving, the understanding of disease from passive acceptance of treatment to active prevention, the pursuit of health up. Our government has clearly proposed to respond to the World Health Organization's "health care for all by the year 2000" goal, and has made a clear commitment. Therefore, at present, the country's emphasis on preventive medicine education will be further increased, the investment will be further increased, the enrollment scale will be further expanded, at the same time, the curriculum will be more inclined to the proportion of sociology, environmental science and other non-medical categories. In order to meet the growing social demand for public **** health professionals. As the condition of the profession in our country has been relatively good, so its supply and demand should basically be able to reach a balance, but it will still be the 21st century the world's hot specialty.