First, the basic situation of new rural construction in our province
Since the founding of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Sichuan Provincial Party Committee and the provincial government, in accordance with the overall requirements of the "two leaps" policy of building a new countryside, have taken the increase of farmers' income as the core goal, taken the construction of new countryside as an effective carrier and important support for industrial development, insisted on planning first, integrating production and villages, guiding by classification, and taking farmers as the main body, and made concerted efforts to promote the rational layout of urban and rural courtyards, the comprehensive improvement of landscapes, forests and villages, and the simultaneous follow-up of science, education, culture, health, radio and television. Last year, the By the end of June this year, the province had built 10972 new village settlements, involving 1 123000 households, and 15354 villages were upgraded, protected and restored, involving 903000 households, and 1242 pilot demonstration villages of happy and beautiful new villages started construction. There are 2033 new village settlements, 2 18 new rural complexes and 2307 "1+6" village-level public service centers in 60 provincial demonstration counties of new rural construction in the province. The planting industry continued to develop 6.03 million mu, with 237,000 large-scale farmers; Accumulated hardening of rural roads 18297 km, construction of irrigation canals 17589 km.
(a) adhere to the planning first, and promote the rational layout of urban and rural courtyards. As early as 2007, our province compiled and issued the Outline of Building a New Socialist Countryside in Sichuan Province (2006 -2020) and the 1 1 sub-plan. According to the requirements of the integration of urban and rural development and the promotion of new urbanization, various localities have also compiled and improved new rural construction and development plans. In the layout, adhere to the organic combination and scientific connection of new village construction planning with small town planning, modern agricultural park planning and new rural demonstration film construction planning, and form a reasonable spatial form of towns, central villages and natural villages; In terms of projects, the new village construction plan is scientifically linked with modern agricultural industrial projects, land consolidation projects, new village infrastructure projects, poverty alleviation and tourism development projects, and implemented in an orderly manner; In terms of architecture, the planning of village houses fully embodies the rural characteristics, regional characteristics and folk customs, with local flavor, rural flavor and homesickness.
(two) pay attention to the combination of production and village, and promote the sustained and stable increase of farmers' income. Give priority to the development of industry and adhere to the combination of industry first and production villages. Coordinate the construction of new rural construction demonstration counties and modern agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry key counties, cultivate dominant industries with characteristics, scale, grade and market, develop multiple functions of agriculture, continuously extend the agricultural industrial chain, increase added value, accelerate the development of agricultural product processing industry, circular agriculture, leisure agriculture, sightseeing agriculture and creative agriculture, and implement the "one-three linkage" and the combination of agriculture and tourism to drive farmers to increase their income continuously and steadily. For example, Xi 'an Village, Jiangyang District, Luzhou City has vigorously developed rural tourism, and built "five gardens" for sightseeing and leisure, such as vegetable fragrance garden, exotic orchard, fishing song garden, rose garden and ecological botanical garden, as well as landscapes such as agricultural folk culture corridor, agricultural cultural experience area and wedding photography base, which attracted a large number of tourists' consumption and realized the fundamental transformation of agricultural economic growth mode. Jiang 'an County vigorously develops the pig industry, introducing enterprises to adopt the "six-party cooperation" model of "enterprise-driven, farmers' participation, association overall planning, financial support, insurance and government assistance", and through the "company+family farm" breeding model, 500 farmers are driven to develop an annual output of 500 commercial pigs, so that farmers can also increase their income through the development of modern aquaculture. In 20 13 years, the per capita net income of farmers in our province reached 7895 yuan, an increase of 12.8% over the previous year. In the first half of this year, the per capita cash income of farmers reached 54 1 1 yuan.
(C) innovative financing mechanism, and strive to increase investment in new rural construction. In the investment of new rural construction funds, we should adhere to government guidance, farmers as the main body, social participation, multi-party investment and * * * construction * * enjoyment. First, increase government input. The provincial finance invests 600 million yuan in 60 demonstration counties every year; Since 20 12, the special fund for infrastructure construction in new villages has been invested 2 billion yuan every year. In the first half of this year, the central and provincial governments invested 7.57 billion yuan in various new rural construction funds. Second, actively carry out pilot projects for the free flow of urban and rural production factors, and explore various forms of rural property rights transfer such as land contractual management rights and mortgage financing for collective construction land use rights. For example, Pengxi County has launched four new loan mortgage models: land circulation management right+guarantee company, collective construction land use right+rural housing ownership, rural land circulation management right+above-ground buildings, government credit enhancement+bank credit, which has revitalized rural finance. Weiyuan county carries out agricultural BOT mode to avoid "renting once" and let farmers enjoy the benefits brought by scale operation. The third is to use financial funds to support agriculture to incite social capital. Through the integration of funds for supporting agriculture, it is used to provide discount and guarantee for financing loans of farmers and other agricultural business entities, and give full play to the amplification effect and leverage. For example, Cuiping District of Yibin City has promoted the pilot reform of quantitative equity of funds for supporting agriculture. The district government, cooperatives and Sichuan Tea Group jointly set up a company, with farmers' self-raised funds and financial subsidies accounting for 47.8% of the shares. In this way, financial subsidies have changed from a glass of water for farmers or enterprises in the past to a steady stream of wells.
(4) Promote comprehensive environmental management and gradually improve the living space of rural residents. In accordance with the requirements of "building a well-off society in an all-round way" and the integrated development of urban and rural areas, supporting infrastructure construction around farmers' living and production needs, implementing comprehensive improvement of mountains and rivers, and promoting the construction of kitchens, toilets and biogas on a large scale, greatly facilitating farmers' living and production, enabling rural people to live in good houses, lead a good life, form good habits and form a good atmosphere. For example, Yibin actively carries out "five transformations and one governance", that is, "sanitation, sewage purification, courtyard beautification, village greening, village road hardening and garbage centralized collection and treatment", and explores and promotes the ecological environment evaluation of new village planning. Suining has fully implemented the new model of "household orientation, group classification, village collection, town operation and county treatment". 65% of the villages in the city have implemented the project of building facade cleaning and style shaping, and 75% of the villages have reached the requirements of "neatness, order, beauty and institutionalization".
(five) adhere to the synchronous follow-up, and strive to achieve equalization of urban and rural public services. Closely around the establishment of a unified urban and rural security system, accelerate the pace of urban and rural system integration, so that the vast number of farmers can learn to teach, get medical care and provide for their old age. First, push forward the construction of new countryside in succession, and comprehensively carry out the construction of village-level public service activity centers with the activities of village-level organizations (village committees) and convenience service centers, farmers' training centers, cultural and sports centers, health and family planning centers, comprehensive mediation centers and farmers' shopping centers (that is, "1+6") as the main contents. The second is to strengthen the balanced development of urban and rural education. We will improve the construction of rural compulsory education student canteens, boarding schools, teaching rooms and rural teachers' turnover rooms, and vigorously improve the conditions for running schools in rural areas. In order to further improve the nutritional status of rural students and promote education equity, the provincial government has implemented the nutrition improvement plan for rural compulsory education students since 20 12. The third is to further promote rural medical and health undertakings. Accelerate the establishment of urban-rural integration of medical assistance, maternal and child health care and family planning subsidy policies, further improve the new rural cooperative medical system, raise the level of financing subsidies, and narrow the gap between urban and rural basic medical security. The participation rate of the new rural cooperative medical system is 99.2%. The fourth is to further improve the rural social security system. Strengthen social assistance, improve the rural social minimum living security mechanism, improve the level of rural five guarantees, accelerate the construction of low-rent housing in rural areas, and gradually expand the coverage of industrial injury insurance and medical insurance for migrant workers. Fifth, strengthen rural cultural construction and integrate rural cultural inheritance into the whole process of new rural construction. For example, Shi Cun, Changle Town, Pengxi County, Suining City has built a village-level cultural and sports activity center of 4,000 square meters, which has attracted famous painters, photographers and poets to create works and greatly enriched the spiritual and cultural life of rural residents.
Second, the main problems
(A) the new rural planning needs further improvement and perfection. First, some planning was done in a hurry, and the functional orientation, regional layout, industrial support, cultural taste and architectural style of the new village were not well considered, so the planning was not comprehensive; Some plans have not been adjusted and improved according to the process of urbanization, and the layout of villages cannot correspond to changes such as rural population transfer, resulting in idle housing and waste of resources for some farmers; Some settlements are not reasonable enough, and the breeding radius is large, which is far from the industrial development. The second is to copy the urban model in planning and construction. Some new residential areas simply adopt the urban model in planning, design and construction, and some engage in the worship of reinforced concrete and urban gardens and flowers. The ground is full of artificial landscapes such as gardens, lawns, waterscapes, squares and sculptures, which are incompatible with the countryside and have nothing to do with farmers, making villages different from villages and cities. Third, there is a shortage of talents for new rural construction planning, especially those who understand both infrastructure construction and industrial development and new rural construction planning. It is difficult to implement and guide the new rural construction planning.
(2) Farmers' subjective awareness of the new rural construction is relatively weak. On the one hand, some local people lack a sense of ownership, have low enthusiasm for investment and investment, and have the idea of "waiting, relying and wanting". On the other hand, some local governments have done everything they can to set up a stage and sing opera, making farmers become outsiders and bystanders; In some places, against the wishes of farmers, under the banner of saving land, large-scale demolition and centralized building are carried out, but in fact, the mystery of supporting land finance is hidden, and farmers' right to use homesteads is exploited for no reason; In some places, industrial and commercial capital entered strongly, engaged in large concentration and built small property houses, depriving the people of their right to know, participate and develop.
(3) Insufficient capital investment and deviation in resource allocation. First, there is a great pressure on construction funds. The new rural construction involves industrial development, rural housing construction, infrastructure and public services supporting construction and many other aspects. The task is wide, the demand for funds is large, and the enthusiasm of the masses to raise funds is not high. There is a big gap between the demand for construction funds and the government's financial resources and farmers' own investment ability. Second, it is difficult to integrate funds. At present, most of the central government's funds to support the construction of new countryside are allocated to local governments according to industries, and it is difficult to integrate them at the grassroots level, resulting in inefficient use of funds. Third, the relationship between "icing on the cake" and "giving timely assistance in the snow" is not properly handled in the allocation of resources. Some places have spared no expense to hold demonstrations in places with good foundations and conditions, and concentrated resources to create "images" and "highlights", ignoring remote mountainous areas and backward areas that need help most, resulting in a growing gap between regions. In some places, the new rural construction only pays attention to the construction of rural houses, ignoring the production and life of farmers, resulting in a situation of "glamorous appearance and poor internal" in rural areas.
(D) Rural ecological and environmental problems remain outstanding. First, rural non-point source pollution is more serious. Because some farmers can't use pesticides correctly, the fertilization structure is unreasonable and the pesticide application is improper, the soil pollution is serious and the surface runoff pollutes the water body. At the same time, the treated agricultural plastic film and straw are mostly burned, which seriously pollutes the atmospheric environment. Second, the problem of rural drinking water safety needs to be improved. In the vast rural areas outside the central town, there is generally no perfect water supply system, and farmers directly take water from rivers, ponds, mountain springs and shallow wells. Whether the water quality meets the drinking water standard has not been recognized by the relevant departments, and most of them are used directly without purification and disinfection, which has many hidden dangers in drinking water safety. Third, the construction of rural environmental infrastructure lags behind. Some rural areas have not established a complete rural sewage treatment and discharge system, and some farmers directly discharge sewage into rivers, lakes and streams. Because some settlements are far away from cities, the cost of garbage disposal and transportation is too high, and the phenomenon of littering everywhere. In addition, although some new rural demonstration films have built water supply and drainage systems, garbage stations, biogas septic tanks, public toilets and so on. There is no financial guarantee for maintenance and operation, which leads to certain difficulties in the operation and management of environmental protection facilities.
Third, some suggestions.
(1) Outline a new round of rural reform and development path from the top-level design. The new rural construction is closely related to the deepening of rural reform, which is not only an important carrier, but also an important goal of deepening reform and promoting development. It is suggested that the state should carry out top-level design in land transfer, transformation of agricultural development mode, cultivation of new business entities, rural public services, rural governance and household registration system, so as to make greater breakthroughs and loosens in policies, and at the same time formulate and improve relevant laws to promote the steady progress of new rural construction. For example, speed up rural financial legislation, protect the legitimate rights and interests of the broad masses of rural people, promote the development of rural financial institutions, prevent and resolve financial risks, and maintain rural financial and social stability. For another example, the liberalization of land management rights has become the focus of the new round of rural reform. It is suggested that the National People's Congress enact the land circulation law or the State Council enact the land circulation regulations, so as to fundamentally solve the problems of land circulation management institutions, management procedures, operational norms, contract signing, liability for breach of contract and so on. Standardize the behavior of the government, farmers, enterprises or other economic organizations, effectively solve various practical problems encountered in the process of land circulation, and make all aspects of land circulation work have laws to follow.
(2) Increase financial input and improve the mechanism and mode of capital operation. First, further increase the input of the central government. To ensure that the growth of agricultural investment is not lower than the growth of recurrent fiscal revenue, we should arrange certain special funds to support the construction of new countryside every year. Sichuan is a big agricultural province with a large population, weak foundation, imbalance and underdevelopment. The urbanization rate is only about 45%, the rural population is close to 45 million, and the residence is scattered. Therefore, the task of building a new countryside is quite arduous. It is suggested that the capital investment should be tilted to the western region and backward areas such as Sichuan. The second is to further clarify the financial rights and powers. In the construction of new countryside, we should further clarify which are state investment, which are collective investment and which are farmers' investment, rationally divide financial power and administrative power at all levels, and mobilize the enthusiasm of various subjects and governments at all levels. The third is to pay attention to the efficiency of the use of financial funds. Clean up and merge some special transfer payments, and increase the scale and proportion of general transfer payments. Some projects can only issue capital plans, decentralize the project approval authority, and create conditions for integrating local funds for supporting agriculture. It is necessary to release the project as soon as possible, timely allocate funds, strengthen the supervision of the use, and ensure the scientific and efficient use of funds.
(3) Respect the wishes of the masses and give full play to the main role of farmers. Farmers are builders, beneficiaries and managers of new countryside. To promote the construction of new countryside, we must insist on trusting and relying on farmers, let them play a leading role, and strive to stimulate their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity in building new countryside. At present, the vacancy rate of rural housing is very high, especially in newly built settlements. In addition to unscientific planning, the main reason is that the government's ideas are inconsistent with the wishes of farmers. Therefore, in the construction of new countryside, we must fully respect farmers' dominant position, let farmers participate in the whole process of planning, site selection, construction and management, and effectively protect farmers' right to know, participate, speak and make decisions. For new village construction, industrial development, public service management and other projects, we should adopt a bottom-up approach, let the people be masters of their own affairs, make their own decisions and implement them independently, realize the transformation of farmers from "I want to do" to "I want to do", and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to participate. At the same time, the government should also play a guiding role. The "application system" we explored in Daying County is worth popularizing. The construction of new villages is planned by the government in a unified way, and farmers apply voluntarily. Construction will start when a certain number is reached, and farmers always rely on self-management and self-service in construction projects.
(4) Pay attention to industrial support and increase farmers' income continuously and steadily. It is necessary to adhere to the industry first, the integration of production and villages, and form a good pattern in which industry drives new villages and industries with new villages. First, vigorously adjust the agricultural structure. Consider and plan agriculture according to the idea of "planting, raising and processing" and the integration of agriculture, industry and commerce, and continuously extend the industrial chain; Market-oriented, giving full play to comparative advantages and improving comprehensive agricultural benefits; Pay attention to ecological balance, environmental protection and sustainable development, and work hard on the development of green, low-carbon and circular agriculture. Second, actively promote the development of agricultural industrialization. We should focus on supporting some enterprises with scale, market, benefit and certain popularity, and develop and grow through restructuring and cooperation. Focus on the introduction of brand enterprises with high technology content, high added value of products, high industrial relevance and strong market competitiveness, and improve the development level of agricultural industrialization. In addition, it is necessary to improve the degree of farmers' organization, improve the level of agricultural socialization services, and promote the docking of small production with the big market. Improve the mechanism for enterprises and farmers to enjoy benefits and bear risks. The third is to create employment opportunities for farmers on the spot. Accelerate the diversified development of rural economy, focus on cultivating and expanding rural industries, create more jobs, and let farmers stay in their hometowns, earn money, live a good life, and increase local and nearby income.
(5) Persist in extending services and promote the integration of urban and rural development. It is necessary to put rural social development in the same important position as economic development, and vigorously solve the problems such as the large income gap between urban and rural areas, the difficulty for farmers to see a doctor, the difficulty for studying, the difficulty for providing for the elderly, the poor sanitary conditions, and the monotonous cultural life. First, continue to vigorously promote infrastructure construction. Increase public financial input, strengthen rural public transport, centralized water supply, energy and electricity, radio and television, Internet broadband and other infrastructure construction, speed up the change of kitchen and toilet, water and roads, and further improve farmers' living conditions. The second is to strengthen rural financial services. Based on the confirmation of rural forest right, land right and rural house ownership, we will promote rural property mortgage financing and increase farmers' property income and operational income. The third is to speed up the construction of rural public service system. It is necessary to further promote the construction of rural public education system and strive to improve farmers' cultural level and labor skills; Strengthen the construction of rural public health and medical services, and actively safeguard the physical and mental health of farmers; Strengthen the construction of rural cultural infrastructure and prosper rural cultural undertakings; Establish and improve the rural labor security and minimum living security system to improve the living conditions of the poor. Fourth, efforts should be made to promote the construction of rural ecological civilization. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of environmental protection knowledge, improve the ecological concept of cadres and the masses, and form a good atmosphere for the whole people to participate in rural ecological environmental protection; It is necessary to increase the capital investment in rural environmental protection and strengthen the comprehensive management of rural environment; It is necessary to vigorously research, develop and popularize environmental protection practical technologies such as rural domestic sewage and garbage treatment, agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control, comprehensive utilization of agricultural wastes and rural health hazard assessment; It is necessary to popularize scientific fertilization and pesticide application, popularize the ecological agriculture model, guide farmers to form a "green" way of life and production, and coordinate economic development with environmental protection.