Advantages of government procurement:
First, government procurement improves the efficiency of the use of government funds
Second, government procurement is an important economic means of macro-control.
Third, government procurement meets the objective requirements of economic internationalization.
Four, government procurement is an important measure against corruption.
Main problems in government procurement:
First, the principal-agent problem in government procurement.
"In the procurement process, a four-level principal-agent chain of' taxpayer-government-financial department-government specialized procurement agency-procurement official' will generally be formed."
Because the original taxpayers have no management power and decision-making power, they can't make decisions by signing contracts to make profits, but want to enjoy the welfare improvement brought by government procurement. As the last party in the principal-agent chain, purchasing personnel play a decisive role in purchasing decision. As rational economic people, they will naturally use their powers to maximize their interests, which leads to conflicts of interest with agents (taxpayers) and principal-agent problems.
Second, the game analysis of government procurement
Although China's government procurement efforts to improve the supervision mechanism and evaluation mechanism, through public bidding to avoid corruption and bribery in the procurement process, but due to "two libraries (technical expert database and supplier library) imperfect construction", imperfect supervision mechanism and other issues, the market competitiveness has not been fully played. This directly leads to imperfect competition in the government procurement market, thus forming an oligopoly, which in turn leads to various game behaviors. So the final Nash equilibrium of this game matrix is that both sides choose to collude. At this time, procurement officials get rent-seeking opportunities, and suppliers can get premium income through monopoly. Because collusion is good for both sides, they will form an interest group to protect themselves and deal with taxpayers. This also explains why corruption and bribery of procurement officials are common.
Thirdly, the social welfare benefit analysis of government procurement.
As the main provider of public goods, the government must distort the original equilibrium point of the market if it wants to play the role of public goods. At the same time, in the real economic society, the harsh conditions of the optimal solution of government procurement cannot be met, which leads to the inefficiency of the process of government procurement of public goods and the unsatisfactory results of activities, that is, the government fails, which makes government procurement unable to reach the ideal state.
Improve the government procurement system;
First, strengthen the understanding of government procurement system.
First of all, strengthen the awareness of government procurement system and improve the understanding of government procurement system. Although the government procurement system has a long history in the west, it is still a new thing in China. Whether all parties can form a unified and profound understanding of the urgency and necessity of establishing this system and its important role under the conditions of market economy will subjectively affect the establishment of China's government procurement system.
Two, clearly establish a unified government procurement agencies.
Combined with the actual situation in China, centralized procurement projects in government procurement should be organized and implemented by full-time institutions such as government procurement centers. The government procurement center is a department established by the government and entrusted by the government to organize major and centralized procurement affairs of administrative institutions and directly carry out procurement business. The government procurement center shall conduct business in strict accordance with government procurement laws and regulations and other relevant procurement policies. According to the actual situation, the government procurement center can entrust part of the bidding affairs to social intermediaries.
Third, strengthen the supervision of government procurement.
Government procurement is an economic activity. When economic interests are involved, some people will take risks. In view of some illegal operations in the government procurement system, it must be strictly controlled and not allowed to develop freely, otherwise the government procurement system will become the road to wealth for some authorities. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of government procurement system and promote the establishment of government procurement supervision mechanism. First of all, it is necessary to establish an internal supervision and restriction mechanism in the government procurement department, so that it can gradually form a supervision system that is both interrelated and mutually restrictive with the government procurement department. Secondly, we will further strengthen the post-event supervision and re-inspection after government procurement activities, ensure each pass well and put an end to illegal operations in government procurement. Finally, we should gradually strengthen social supervision and public opinion supervision, and accelerate the construction of an all-round and whole-process government procurement supervision mechanism. Let the illegal activities hidden under the government procurement system have nothing to hide.
Fourth, the construction of professional team in purchasing department.
In the face of government procurement activities with strong policy and wide coverage, procurement personnel need to master the knowledge of social science and natural science. According to the characteristics of government procurement and the present situation of the procurement team, at this stage, procurement personnel should first learn the professional knowledge of government procurement, the basic theory and technology of government procurement, the international and domestic experience and lessons of government procurement, and the relevant policy and legal knowledge of government procurement. Then, apply what you have learned to practical operation, and only when you encounter problems in practical operation can you gradually make up for the defects of your own business ability. And regularly conduct induction training for procurement personnel, invite experts and teachers to guide and communicate with procurement personnel, and introduce the basic content of China's contract law, contract format and relevant requirements for signing contracts, as well as bidding procedures, bidding document preparation and bid evaluation methods. Strengthen the comprehensive business ability of purchasing personnel. Strive to build the government procurement team in China into a team with strong professionalism and high business ability.