Chongming in a narrow sense refers to Chongming Island, and in a broader sense refers to Chongming County. Chongming County currently consists of three islands, including Chongming Island, Changxing Island and Hengsha Island, with a total land area of 1,411 square kilometers.
Chongming Island, the third largest island in China. Chongming Island is located in the western Pacific coastline of China's midpoint area, located in China's largest river Yangtze River estuary, is the world's largest estuarine alluvial island, is China's third largest island after Taiwan Island, Hainan Island, there is a "gateway to the Yangtze River, the East China Sea, Yingzhou," said. The island is surrounded by rivers on three sides and the sea on the other side, bordered by the Yangtze River in the west, the vast East China Sea in the east, Pudong New Area and Baoshan District in the south and Taicang City in Jiangsu Province across the water, and Haimen City and Qidong City in Jiangsu Province in the north. The island covers an area of 1,267 square kilometers, with an east-west length of 80 kilometers and a north-south width of 13 to 18 kilometers. The terrain of the island is flat, with no hills, slightly higher in the northwest and central part of the island, and slightly lower in the southwest and east part of the island, and more than 90% of the land elevation (with Wusong Elevation 0 meters as the reference) is between 3.21 meters and 4.20 meters. The geographical location of the island is between 121°09′30〃 and 121°54′00〃 in east longitude and 31°27′00〃 and 31°51′15〃 in north latitude. It is located in the northern subtropical zone with a mild and humid climate, the average annual temperature of which is 15.2℃, abundant sunshine and rainfall, and the four seasons are distinct. The island has clean water and soil, fresh air, excellent ecological environment, and the average life expectancy of the residents is 76.7 years. Changxing Island, with a total area of 88 square kilometers, has a deep-water coastline of nearly 20 kilometers along the south, with a general water depth of -12 meters to -16 meters, and the deepest depth of -22 meters, which can dock 300,000-ton ships. Hengsha Island, a total area of 56 square kilometers.
[edit]History of Establishment
Chongming Island has a history of more than 1,300 years since it became land. In 618 A.D. (the first year of Wude in the Tang Dynasty), the two islands of Dongsha and Xisha began to appear on the sea surface outside the mouth of the Yangtze River. After that, many sandbars were rising and collapsing in the east and west, in the south and north, until the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, they were connected into one big island of Chongming. A.D. 696 (Tang Dynasty, the first year of Tongtian), began to live on the island. In 705 AD (Tang Dynasty Shenlongyuan year), set up a town in Xisha, named Chongming ("Chong" for high, "Ming" for the sea and sky, "Chongming" means high above the water and flat and wide). ("Chong" means high, "Ming" means sea and sky, "Chongming" means high above the water but flat and wide). In 1222 A.D. (the 15th year of Jia Ding of the Southern Song Dynasty), the Tianci Salt Farm was set up under Tongzhou. In 1277 (14th year of the Yuan Dynasty), it was upgraded to Chongming Prefecture, attached to Yangzhou Road. In 1396 A.D. (the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty), it was changed from a prefecture to a county, and was first attached to Yangzhou Road, then to Suzhou Prefecture, and to Taicang Prefecture at the same time. During the Republic of China period, it was attached to Nantong and Songjiang in Jiangsu Province. After the liberation, under the Jiangsu Nantong District. 1958 December 1 from the Shanghai Municipality, is currently the only county in the nineteen districts and counties of Shanghai.
Changxing Island was founded in the Xianfeng era, and Hengsha Island has been reclaimed and relocated since 1886, with a history of about 120 years. Since May 18, 2005, by the Shanghai Municipal People's Government reported to the State Council for approval, formerly belonging to the Shanghai Baoshan District, Changxing, Hengsha two townships administrative division, into a system into Chongming County.
[edit]Historical Status
The people of Chongming have a glorious revolutionary tradition. In the Ming Dynasty, Chongming's "Sand Soldiers" were famous for their bravery during the anti-Japanese wars, and in the fall of 1921, when the peasants of Xisha in Chongming rioted, Mao Zedong wrote an article about the feat in the weekly newspaper "Guide", the organ of the central government of the People's Republic of China at that time.In September of 1926, Lu Tieqiang and Yu Fucai, special commissioners of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provincial Committees of the People's Republic of China, returned to Chongming, and set up an early rural grass-roots party organization in China. Rural grass-roots party organizations. In the long years of revolutionary struggle, many sons and daughters of Chongming have sacrificed their precious lives for the revolutionary cause of the Chinese people.
Chongming County has 13 towns and 3 townships under its jurisdiction. Chengqiao Town, the seat of the county government, is the political, economic and cultural center of the county. After the merger of the three islands, the total population has increased, but the natural growth rate is still negative. at the end of 2005, the county's household population was 701,000, an increase of 69,000 over the previous year, with a floating population of 83,000, a birth rate of 5.9 per thousand, a death rate of 8.8 per thousand, and a natural growth rate of -2.9 per thousand. Ethnic groups are mainly Han Chinese, and there are also Mongolian, Hui, Manchu, Zhuang, Bai, Yi, Korean, Uyghur, Buyi, Hani, Tujia, Tibetan and other ethnic minorities.
[Edit paragraph] Prospective goals
The overall goal established by the plan is: to adhere to the scientific concept of development as the unifying principle, in accordance with the requirements of building a harmonious socialist society, around the construction of modernized eco-island area of the overall goal, vigorously implement the main strategy of science and education to develop the county to accelerate the development of the three island linkage, and strive to make the three islands of Chongming to adapt to the construction of a modernized international metropolis of Shanghai's long-term need of The three islands of Chongming have become one of the best areas for the harmonious coexistence of man and nature and for the coordinated development of economy and society.
Prospective targeting of the three islands: Chongming is an important strategic space for the sustainable development of Shanghai. Adhere to the three islands function, industry, population, infrastructure linkage, respectively, the construction of integrated ecological island, marine equipment island, ecological leisure island, relying on scientific and technological innovation, the implementation of circular economy, the development of eco-industry, and strive to build Chongming into a harmonious and beautiful environment, intensive use of resources, economic and social coordinated development of the modern ecological island area.
The three islands of Chongming's functional positioning mainly reflects the following six aspects: forest garden island, eco-habitat island, leisure and vacation island, green food island, marine equipment island, science and technology research and development island.
[Edit]Economic Development
Total Economy
The adjustment of industrial structure has been further strengthened, the integration of the three industries has been developed, and the total economy has maintained a double-digit growth, but due to the impact of the global financial crisis, the speed of development has dropped compared with that of the previous year. After preliminary calculations, in 2008 the county realized 13.77 billion yuan of added value, an increase of 12.1% over the previous year, 1.3 percentage points lower than the previous year's growth rate, to complete the annual target of 100.1%, of which, the primary industry added value of 1.69 billion yuan, an increase of 0.6% over the previous year; the secondary industry added value of 6.82 billion yuan, an increase of 13.3% over the previous year; the tertiary industry added value of 5.26 billion yuan, an increase of 14.8% over the previous year, the proportion of added value of primary, secondary and tertiary industries were 12.3%, 49.5% and 38.2% respectively.
The financial reform continues to deepen, the financial system continues to improve, supervision has been strengthened, revenue growth is obvious. 2008 completed the fiscal revenue of 5.07 billion yuan, an increase of 19.4% over the previous year, to complete the annual target task of 110.9%, of which 2.20 billion yuan of county-level fiscal revenue, an increase of 18.7% over the previous year.
Agriculture
In 2008, the total sown area of grain crops in the county was 754,000 mu, a year-on-year decrease of 1.8%, and the total output realized 310,000 tons, a year-on-year increase of 1.0%.
In 2008, the county's total agricultural output value was 4.99 billion yuan, an increase of 8.0% over the previous year.
Industry
In 2008, the total industrial output value of 16.25 billion yuan, an increase of 10% over the previous year, to complete 100% of the annual target, in which the scale of the above industry to take a pivotal position in the completion of the total industrial output value of 14.85 billion yuan, accounting for 91.4% of the county's industrial.
Domestic and foreign trade
The total retail sales of consumer goods amounted to 3.41 billion yuan in 2008, an increase of 13.4% over the previous year, completing 102.1% of the annual target.
In 2008, the total amount of foreign trade exports amounted to 3.20 billion yuan, down 12.9% from the previous year. Among them, 3.18 billion yuan of exports of industrial products, down 13.4% from the previous year; agricultural and sideline products exports of 0.2 billion yuan, down 8.7% from the previous year.
Fixed Asset Investment
In 2008, the completion of the total fixed asset investment of 5.59 billion yuan, an increase of 26.2% over the previous year, to complete the annual target task of 100.2%.
Tourism
2008 received 1.130 million tourists, an increase of 11.2% over the previous year; completed direct operating income of 280 million yuan, an increase of 13.2% over the previous year.
Population and family planning
Household population decreased year by year, the foreign population increased significantly. 2008 the end of the three islands of the household population of 694,000 people, a decrease of 0.3 million people than the previous year, the birth rate of 5.39 ‰, the mortality rate of 9.02 ‰, the rate of natural growth of -3.63 ‰, for 14 consecutive years in a negative growth trend. Foreign mobile population of 148,000 people, an increase of 26,000 people over the previous year.
The family planning rate of the household population reached 99.8%, and the family planning rate of the floating population reached 91.02%.
Labor and Employment
New employment in urban and rural areas maintained a good level, in 2008, the county realized 11,868 new jobs, completing 118.7% of the annual target. Vocational training for 11,261 people, completing 140.8% of the annual target. Urban registered unemployment of 6500 people, control in the city reached the target of 6940 people.
Employment of urban collective units above the more stable, in 2008 the county's urban workers numbered 28,000 people. Among them, 11,000 employees of enterprise units; 14,000 employees of institutions; 0.3 million people in institutions and organizations.
Social Security
The participation rate of basic pension insurance and basic medical insurance for urban workers in the county reached 100% in 2008. The coverage of social pension insurance for farmers was further expanded, with the number of people participating in rural social pension insurance reaching 47,000 in 2008, completing 139.9% of the plan.
Income of urban and rural residents
In 2008, the county's average annual wage of 34,700 yuan, an increase of 23.8% over the previous year; annual per capita net income of 8,350 yuan for rural households, an increase of 11.5% over the previous year.
The total amount of residents' savings continues to increase, the end of the year urban and rural residents savings balance of 21.5 billion yuan, an increase of 3.80 billion yuan over the beginning of the year, per capita savings of 30,980 yuan, an increase of 5,767 yuan over the previous year.
Environmental protection
According to the overall goal of the construction of Chongming Eco-Island, with the construction of the national ecological county as the starting point, comprehensively promote the protection of ecological environment and the construction of Chongming, successfully completed the third round of the three-year action plan for environmental protection. Environmental infrastructure construction has been further strengthened, Chengqiao, Changxing, Chenjia Town sewage treatment facilities have been completed and put into operation; Xinhe, Fort Town sewage treatment plant has begun construction, the remaining 11 townships townships sewage treatment facilities into the preparatory stage of the project, the end of the year the townships sewage treatment rate of 50%; Chengqiao, Luhua, Gangxi, Chenjia Township and Hengsha and other five beautiful townships have passed the examination and acceptance; the county rural The collection, transfer and disposal system of domestic garbage in the county has been basically completed, and all three garbage terminal disposal sites have been put into operation, and the harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage in the county has reached 98%. The quality of ecological environment has been significantly improved, the annual COD reduction of 1,400 tons, SO2 reduction of 2% of the annual task; 18 large-scale livestock and poultry farms comprehensive treatment; built 646 square kilometers of smoke and dust control area and Chengqiao Town, 4 square kilometers of dust pollution control area. It has carried out the comprehensive environmental improvement of "Hundred Roads and Thousand Points"; implemented the improvement of Wanhe River; implemented the comprehensive improvement project of the middle section of the South Hengdian River (Sansahong-Zhanghanghang harbor section); and completed the dredging project of Dongping River and Xinjian Harbor.
[Editorial] Changxing and Hengsha Islands
By the Shanghai Municipal People's Government for the approval of the State Council, the Changxing and Hengsha townships, which were formerly part of Baoshan District of Shanghai, were assigned to Chongming County from May 18, 2005 onwards. The implementation of the above administrative division of the adjustment, is the Shanghai Municipal Party Committee, the municipal government to implement the scientific concept of development, focusing on the overall situation of the development of Shanghai, a major initiative, conducive to the "three islands" (Chongming, Changxing, Hengsha) unified planning, rational allocation of resources; conducive to "three islands "Complementary advantages of industrial structure, to promote the construction of Chongming Eco-Island.
Changxing Township has 24 administrative villages, 260 village groups. Among them, there is 1 fishery village. The total population of 36,000 people (excluding Qianwei Farm). There are Phoenix Township, Panshi Township and Yuansha Township in the island, of which Phoenix Township is the seat of the township government, located in the center of the island. The function of Changxing Island is to be a "marine equipment island".
Hengsha Township has 24 administrative villages, 1 neighborhood committee, and 246 village groups. Among them, there is one fishery village. The total population of 33,000 people. The township government is located in Xinmin Township. In 1992, Hengsha Island was listed by the State Council as a national tourist resort.
The function of Hengsha Island is positioned as a "leisure and resort island", and it mainly develops international conference and exhibition center, international entertainment center, low-density high-grade residential villa area, yacht club and other projects.
[edit]Future transportation development
As Shanghai rail transit will continue to extend, in the future, line 9 and line 1 will be extended only Chongming County, line 9 station: Changxing Station, Hengsha Station, Dongtan Station, Migratory Bird Sanctuary Station, Baozhen East Station, Baozhen Station, Baozhen West Station, Xincheng East Station, Chongming New Town Station, and line 1 station: City New Town Station, Chongming New Town Station
The future Changxing Island will be a "leisure and resort island", mainly developing the international conference and exhibition center, international entertainment center, low-density high-grade residential villas and yacht clubs.
The future of Changxing Island, the island will have the construction of the Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel Bridge through, more rail transit line 9 Chongming branch north-south across the Changxing Island to Chongming Island, but also connected to the horizontal sand island, a shortcut to the development of the three island linkage. This is yesterday from the "China Shanghai architectural design and urban planning exhibition" briefing was informed. In order to facilitate the public in and out of Changxing Island, the city plans to build rail transit line 9 Chongming branch line, north-south across Changxing Island to Chongming Island and through the horizontal sand line to the east to the horizontal sand island. On Changxing Island will form Phoenix Station, Qianwei Station and Hengsha Line Yuansha New Community Station and other transportation hubs of different scales. The existing ferry station and supporting transportation facilities in Phoenix Town will be retained and reconstructed, and a tourist pier will be set up along the Yangtze River at the eastern end of the island directly opposite to Hengsha Island, focusing on the development of tourism on the island. Chongming Island is under the jurisdiction of Chongming County, Shanghai, while Changxing Island and Hengsha Island were also transferred to the management of Chongming County by the former Baoshan District a few years ago, which is now in order to more conveniently realize the unified planning and development of the three island linkage.
According to the plan, the actual total resident population of Changxing Island in the future is about 130,000 people, according to the 85% urbanization level, the total population of the town is about 110,000 people. Among them, Phoenix Town of Changxing Island will be the population settlement area, humanistic landscape concentration area and living service supporting center, and the scale of urban population will reach 90,000 people. It is planned that Phoenix Town will form two areas in the east and west, and **** the same as the development core of Changxing Island. Pan Yuan Highway is the main artery of transportation across Changxing Island, the completion of the coastal channel (Yangtze River Tunnel Bridge) will further become the main axis of the island's development, but also the island's ecological zone and the main watershed of the construction area, but also the island's main external transportation links, it is through the interchanges with the Pan Yuan Highway and the island's road network into a whole. In the future, Shanghai Railway Line 1 will also be extended to Chongming Island.
[Edit Paragraph]Chongming County Environmental Health Responsibility Area System
For *** with the creation of a clean and beautiful urban environment, to meet the arrival of the World Expo, the county county will be the full implementation of the municipal environmental health responsibility area system. the afternoon of February 25th, the county municipal environment joint meeting held a meeting to deploy this work.
The county city environment joint meeting decided, from now on, in the county to fully implement the city environmental health responsibility area system, the responsibility area scope of the first planning city 23 municipal roads along the line, ****7.16 square kilometers, involving 2790 units of responsibility. Focus on the main urban area of three vertical and three horizontal seven roads along the line, involving 1,929 responsible units. In order to put the work into practice, the county municipal environmental authorities and the use of the owner signed a letter of responsibility for environmental health, homeowners and the use of the owner also signed a corresponding letter of responsibility, clear use of the owner of the owner of the responsibility for environmental health of the main unit, the owner of the owner has the responsibility for the use of the owner of the responsibility for the supervision of the health of the environment, in order to ensure that the work of environmental health to the letter.
[Edit paragraph] Administrative divisions
Subordinate administrative divisions: Chenjia Town, Chenjia Town, Zhenxing Town, Xianghua Town, Fort Town, Hongyan Town, 竖新镇 Xinhe Town, Construction Town, Hongxi Town, Temple Town, Sanshing Town, Xincun Township, Lvhua Town, Changxing Island, Yokosha Island.
History of the county before the Ming Zhengde, the county administrative district set up no test.
1506 - 1521
1662 - 1722
1723 - 1735
June 1949 - April 1950, set up 4 districts, 2 townships, under the jurisdiction of 21 townships.
In September 1958, the townships were changed to people's communes, and in December of the same year - March 1959, 2 townships and 26 people's communes were set up.
In March 1984, the political and social separation, the people's commune into a township, the administrative division remains unchanged.
In 1988, there were 3 towns and 25 townships.
In addition, in 1959, after the reclamation, the reclamation area has established eight municipal state farms and two military reclamation farms.
Dongtan Migratory Bird Sanctuary