Patents are the main factor driving the transformation of China's ceramic industry
Western economic historian Dr. Angus Maddison believes that the West A.D. Era began after more than 2,000 years, China's GDP for about 1,800 years accounted for more than 20% of the global share of the world for a long time to be the world's first. During this history, there was only one industrial sector in China that consistently ranked first in the world in terms of production and export scale, and that was ceramics. After the Opium War, with the decline of the country's fortunes, China's ceramic industry is also gradually into decline.
In 1998, China once again became the world's largest ceramic producer. In the past nine years, China's ceramic industry continues to consolidate its dominance in the world, the total output has accounted for more than 2/3 of the world, of which, daily-use ceramics, architectural ceramics, sanitary ware production accounted for the world's 70%, 50%, 33% more than the production of ceramic products used in China's energy, electrician, IT, iron and steel, aerospace, chemical, medical and other industrial sectors are also increasing in a large number of production. China's ceramic industry exports and export revenue has been the world's first for many years, and has formed Foshan, Jingdezhen, Zibo, Clipper River, Dehua five major industrial zones. In addition, Jiangsu, Hebei, Henan, Liaoning and other places in the ceramic industry has also seen a rapid rise. Certain regional ceramic towns are also developing rapidly. For example, Fujian Jinjiang ceramic production has accounted for about 1/3 of the province, the annual output value of more than 7 billion yuan, and the speed of development of Foshan.
What is worth paying attention to is that China's ceramic industry is very serious disorderly competition, has threatened the healthy development of the industry as a whole. For example, due to the enterprises in foreign markets, each other malicious price pressure, low value-added exports in China, and in Europe, the United States, India, Mexico, the Philippines, Egypt and many other regions suffered anti-dumping lawsuits, the loss of a more serious. At home, China's duplication of construction projects, enterprises copy each other, counterfeiting, price pressure is more common. Local protectionism also hinders the expansion of large enterprises. Dragged down by the general environment, China's ceramic industry will be the first time in 2007 industry-wide losses, its global competitiveness will be negatively affected.
To change the situation of disorderly competition, the industry has made some attempts. For example, in September 2003, China Ceramic Industry Association daily ceramics professional committee was established in Zibo City. Its chairman is the chairman of Huaguang Ceramics Co., Ltd. and the other members are the chairman or general manager of dozens of large ceramic enterprises across the country. The committee seeks to create a price alliance to avoid vicious competition among large enterprises. These measures have been effective in promoting the healthy development of the industry.
However, from the current situation, China's ceramic industry may also go through a few years of adjustment, and ultimately turn to a small number of market appeal, control of the oligopoly monopoly of the national, and even the global market, the new pattern. In this transition process, the patent will become one of the main tools of enterprise competition, market reshuffle. Patents play a role in two main ways: First, patent disputes make a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises out of the market. Secondly, patent deployment contest and patent collusion make more large and medium-sized enterprises out one after another. From the current situation, both trends have emerged.
Ceramics industry patent disputes have continued to proliferate the trend
With the increasing competition in the market, China has hundreds of enterprises involved in various patent disputes. For example, in 2002, the Foshan Court of Foshan City, Shiwan Town, Ceramic Industry Research Institute sued Foshan Shunde Chencun Town, Dengzhou Ketai Industrial Company Limited infringement of the "exhaustable ceramic tile mold utility model patent. Foshan city is the world's largest ceramic industry base, especially building ceramics exports accounted for 3/4 of the country. this patent dispute in foshan area has a large social impact, increasing the development of enterprises in the patent risk factor. Since then, Foshan area patent cases have occurred repeatedly. For example, in 2004, Foshan Zhongfa judgment Foshan City and the United States Ceramics Co., Ltd. infringement of Foshan City, Yashikov Ceramics Co., Ltd. "brick (Dream Marseille)" design patents. 2005, Foshan Intermediate Court accepted Ou Shennuo Ceramics Co., Ltd. filed a lawsuit of intellectual property rights infringement, and ex officio seizure of the two Foshan companies nearly 8 million yuan assets. In this case, the defendant is suspected of infringing the production technology of rainbow stone ceramics, production process, formula and other trade secrets, but also suspected of infringing the design patent.
In addition, the Foshan region has also occurred in the national impact of some patent dispute cases, such as group litigation, cross-provincial litigation. For example, in 2004, dongpeng ceramic company with "microcrystalline glass ceramic composite plate production method" invention patent sued more than 10 ceramic enterprises in foshan infringement, once caused the industry shock. 2005, foshan intermediate court also heard the patent infringement dispute case between jiangsu roman ceramic tiles limited and foshan city rhodan architectural ceramics co. Ltd. and Foshan City, Guangdong High Court in 2006, the patent infringement dispute between the Guangxi Touxian Yazhao titanium dioxide Co. In addition to Foshan, some patent disputes have also occurred in other regions of Guangdong. For example, in 2005, guangdong high court heard the design patent infringement dispute between jiangsu roman tile company limited and guangzhou venus ceramics development co.
As China's second largest ceramic industry base, Fujian Province has also erupted in a number of patent disputes. For example, in 2005, fujian high court heard jinjiang city zaozou ruicheng building materials floor tile factory and jinjiang jincheng ceramics co. In the same year, Liaoning Province, Shenyang Intermediate Court also heard Zhou Zizhang, Fujian Province, Quanzhou City, Hongli Building Materials Co. Ltd. v. defendant Cai Jianming, Fujian Quanzhou Jinfeng Ceramics Industry Co. design patent infringement dispute. Jiangsu enterprises have also initiated some patent litigation. For example, Yixing Beitel New Technology Components Co. Ltd. had a patent litigation with Yixing Guowei Ceramic Appliance Co. The latter has had patent litigation with Huang Yonghai, Suzhou Xinye Electronics Co. and Qingdao Aucma Group Air Conditioner Factory.
There are also many patent lawsuits in the northern region. For example, in 2002, Beijing First Intermediate Court of Beijing Dongtie Thermal Ceramics Co., Ltd. and Beijing Yingtelite kind of textile Co., Ltd. between the utility model patent infringement litigation. 2003, Beijing Higher People's Court of the latter and the Beijing Xinchen Ceramic Fiber Products Co. In 2003, Jinan, a ceramic technology research institute and an enterprise outbreak of patent infringement litigation. 2006, Luoyang City Intellectual Property Office in accordance with the complaint investigated the Luoyang Nuogin Ceramics Co., Ltd. products, on the spot destruction of the company's 23 sets of 129 infringing on the patent rights of others of the product.
After 2007, China's ceramic industry, the number of patents authorized will continue to increase rapidly. With a large number of patents are deployed in place, patent disputes between companies can be expected to continue to increase. With the increasing patent risk, the lack of R & D, design capabilities of a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises will continue to exit the market.
Ceramics industry invention patent deployment race continues to escalate
Ceramics industry patent literature is more. For example, the Foshan City Intellectual Property Office issued a "ceramic patent database" contains more than 400,000 Chinese and foreign patents, including tens of thousands of domestic patents. From the open literature, China's ceramic industry manufacturing methods and product invention patents are mainly distributed in the following areas:
First, general ceramic technology. For example, documents 01133080.5 and 01133079.1 relate to a ceramic and its manufacturing method. The ceramics have a small rate of dimensional change, a high precision shape and size, and can fully utilize inorganic functional material particle properties.Document No. 02148454.6 relates to a transparent alumina ceramic product and a method of manufacturing the same, and the ceramic formula includes alumina, sintering agent, plasticizer, and lubricant. The manufacturing method is: alumina powder, sintering agent, plasticizer, lubricant according to the proportion of ingredients; heating, mixing uniformly made of thermoplastic ceramic material; thermoplastic molding; degreasing vegetal firing; high temperature sintering; it is suitable for the production of complex shapes, precise dimensions, dense and translucent high-density polycrystalline transparent alumina ceramics and color transparent alumina ceramics.93107711.7 document relates to a kind of high-strength ceramic body and a manufacturing method thereof.
Second, electrical ceramic technology. For example, Document 01802497.1 relates to a ceramic film and a method of manufacturing the same, and a semiconductor device and a piezoelectric element. The method improves the surface morphology of the ceramic film.Document No. 02120470.5 relates to a multilayer ceramic substrate and a method of manufacturing the same, an unsintered ceramic stack, and an electronic device, which is suitable for the manufacture of ceramic components for the electronics industry.Document No. 02152823.3 relates to a method of manufacturing a dielectric ceramic raw material powder and a dielectric ceramic raw material powder, which can be used in the manufacture of a stacked ceramic capacitor for improving the electrostatic capacity temperature stability of core jacket structures. document 03101732.0 relates to a method of manufacturing a porous ceramic structural body. It manufactures a molding body using a ceramic raw material as the main component and containing a pore-making agent, and then dries and fires the obtained molding body into a porous ceramic structure body.Document No. 02100987.2 relates to a ceramic electronic component and a method of manufacturing the same. It forms a protective film obtained by dehydration condensation with an organosilicon compound on the surface of a ceramic substrate and on an external electrode of a peripheral part. It prevents moisture from being adsorbed on the surface of the electronic component and improves its operational reliability.
Third, laser ceramic technology. For example, document 02159468.6 relates to a ceramic concentrator cavity material, a ceramic concentrator cavity, and a method of manufacturing the same. The concentrator cavity material consists of an alumina powder doped with an activator and a sintering aid; the activator is a rare earth oxide. It produces a concentrator cavity with high density, which maintains the electromechanical properties of alumina ceramics and has high reflectivity, and is suitable for manufacturing various solid-state lasers.Document 00119025.3 relates to a fiber-optic ring Q-modulated laser. It consists of a semiconductor laser connected to an active fiber, a wavelength division multiplexer, a polarization controller, a fiber isolator, and a regulation unit to form an all-fiber ring laser. The innovation lies in the fact that the above mentioned conditioning unit consists only of filters and piezoelectric ceramics.
Fourth, IC ceramic technology. For example, document 02137372.8 relates to a method of manufacturing a material used as a substrate material for an integrated circuit package. It uses an alumina ceramic as a substrate with a diamond film deposited on the substrate. The manufacturing method is to grow the diamond film on the alumina ceramic using a hot wire chemical vapor deposition method, i.e., using a tungsten filament as a heating source, employing ethanol and hydrogen as reactants, and causing the diamond film to be deposited on the alumina ceramic substrate placed in the reaction chamber under vacuum and reduced pressure conditions.
Fifth, medical ceramic technology. For example, Document 92111765.5 relates to an activated fluorapatite bioceramic and a method of manufacturing the same. It can be used to manufacture FAP ceramic artificial bone, artificial dental appliances, etc., and it is biocompatible and can effectively resist erosion by human body fluids and oral fluids.Document No. 01813864.0 relates to a porous artificial grafted bone and its manufacturing method. The method comprises the steps of: preparing a finely divided mixture of a biocompatible ceramic powder, an organic binder, and a porous agent in an inert liquid to form a body, and causing at least some of the porous agents to be aligned along a *** coaxial line; arbitrarily molding the resulting body; causing the porous agent to form a porous structure in the body; heating the molded body to a temperature sufficiently high to stereotypically shape the porous structure; and further heating said body to eliminate residual organic binder and porous agent and melting it.Document 01126447.0 relates to an artificial residual limb bone end and a method of manufacturing and installing the same.
Sixth, architectural ceramic technology. For example, Document 03109190.3 relates to a microcrystalline glass-ceramic composite plate manufactured using industrial waste residue--gangue--and a method of manufacturing the same.Document 94110443.5 relates to a ceramic aggregate for construction and a method of manufacturing the same. The aggregate consists of silica, alumina trioxide, iron trioxide and alkaline oxides mixed in a certain proportion, and is manufactured by grinding, extruding mud strips, cutting and drying, vegetal burning and crushing, calcining, sieving and picking, etc. Literature No. 94119664.X relates to a ceramic architectural wall product component and its manufacturing method and special equipment. 89105792.7 relates to a multifunctional porcelain imitation wood-like Document No. 00114540.1 relates to a foam ceramic material for acoustic absorption and a manufacturing method thereof.Document No. 93110410.6 relates to a manufacturing method for glass color-printed wall and floor tiles.Document No. 02157137.6 relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing ceramic tiles and porcelain panels, and to the ceramic tiles and porcelain panels so manufactured.Document No. 02157137.6 relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing ceramic tiles and porcelain panels.
Seventh, mechanical ceramic component technology. For example, Document No. 02134779.4 relates to a method of manufacturing a ceramic roller bar at constant pressure. It is in the ceramic roller bar blank molding process and the ceramic roller bar blank in the kiln calcination molding process also has a ceramic roller bar blank pressure sizing process, in this process will be produced from the ceramic roller bar blank molding process out of the semi-dry ceramic roller bar blank through a pair of semicircular groove ring with a pair of rollers with a pressure sizing, so that the ceramic roller bar blanks of the shape of the dimensions of the uniformity.
Eighth, textile ceramic technology. For example, document 02137393.0 relates to a manufacturing method of zirconia toughened alumina ceramic textile porcelain parts, which includes the following steps: selecting raw materials and weighing each component raw material according to the weight percentage of the raw material, grinding the raw material into a powder by a ball mill; adding a binder mixing and stirring to form a mixture; molding the textile porcelain part blanks; carrying out appropriate trimming and processing; sintering at high temperatures; and carrying out grinding and polishing to form textile Document 94102823.2 relates to a functional textile and a manufacturing method thereof. The textile is woven from functional viscose fibers, cotton yarns, polyester yarns or nylon yarns, etc.; the functional viscose fibers consist of functional ceramic powder and viscose; the composition and proportion of the functional ceramic powder follow certain specifications. It is manufactured by: preparing functional ceramic powder according to the range of composition; making viscose cotton from functional ceramic powder and viscose under certain conditions; making functional viscose fiber; weaving functional viscose fiber with cotton yarn polyester yarn and the like into textiles on a weaving machine.
Ninth, artificial alabaster technology. For example, document 01130675.0 relates to a waste plastic ceramic powder lightweight imitation alabaster building decoration material and its manufacturing method, through its formula and process, it can produce imitation alabaster railings, bricks, tiles, floor tiles and other products.
Tenth, degradation ceramic product technology. For example, document 01127386.0 relates to a disposable biodegradable tableware and its manufacturing method. The material mainly consists of a biodegradable main material, a binder, a filler and a segregant, and is suitable for manufacturing degradable ceramic products.
Eleventh, metal-ceramic reinforcement technology. For example, Document 01139227.4 relates to a method of manufacturing a ceramic lined steel pipe. It sets a ceramic lining of corrosion and wear resistant ceramics inside the steel pipe. The lining raw material includes Al, SiO2, and the manufacturing method includes baking, batching, mixing, loading and ignition sintering, which is characterized by drying and mixing acid slag material with Al and SiO2, and then reacting and sintering under the action of centrifugal force after ignition, to form a dense ceramic plating layer in the inner wall of the steel pipe.
Twelfth, lighting ceramic technology. For example, document 02129282.5 relates to a method of manufacturing a light-emitting ceramic product. document 92109718.2 relates to a high-voltage discharge lamp and a method of manufacturing the same. The lamp has a ceramic discharge capacitor with the ends of the container closed with plugs. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal feed lead or a major portion thereof is less than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic. The feed lead is hermetically sintered directly into the plug.Document 99122846.4 relates to a method of manufacturing a ceramic arc discharge tube for a metal halide lamp.
Thirteenth, refractory ceramic technology. For example, document 93120337.6 relates to an ultra-high temperature ceramic heat generator and its manufacturing method. document 93108856.9 relates to a refractory ceramic gas stove mouth and its manufacturing method. It will silica oxide, alumina refractory materials poured into the reel bucket machine, while adding water for grinding and mixing into a slurry, take out the slurry by the first mixing, and then into the pneumatic mixing cylinder; and then, control the slurry pressurized injection molding plaster mold to the embryo self-casting; pouring out of which is not united slurry, made of the outer ring nozzle, the inner ring nozzle semifinished products; will be concentric stacked, the use of slurry bonding fixed by the drying, After finishing, in the outer ring nozzle, the inner ring nozzle drilling the required flame hole, and then placed in the gas kiln high temperature firing into the nozzle.
Fourteenth, superconducting ceramic technology. For example, 88101380 relates to a method of manufacturing superconducting ceramics under the action of a magnetic field.87101048 relates to an oxide superconducting coil and a method of manufacturing the same. It can use a metal tape or a masking agent to spirally mask the parts of a ceramic tube that do not need to be sprayed with a superconducting coating, and then spray powdered superconducting material and an oxide insulating layer onto the ceramic tube in succession by a thermal spraying method, and form a sandwich-type superconducting coil after heat treatment.
The fifteenth, fiber optic ceramic technology. For example, the document 200410051135.7 relates to a method of making a fiber optic ceramic sleeve, including two processes of blank making and forming and semi-finished product processing, the blank making and forming process includes mold assembly, blank molding and forming, blank sintering, and post-processing of the blank. The machining process includes grinding the inner hole of the sleeve semi-finished product, grinding the outer circle of the sleeve semi-finished product, grinding the concentricity of the sleeve semi-finished product, grinding the end face of the sleeve semi-finished product and notching the sleeve semi-finished product, and surface treatment, and other processes.Document 01139526.5 relates to a fiber-optic F-P interferometer with a metal-ceramic structure. Its metal adjustment arm is a tubular structure with a slightly larger diameter of the front center hole in front, in which a ceramic tube is installed; the inner hole of the ceramic tube is a tapered hole; the optical fiber is inserted into the ceramic tube through the center of the metal adjustment arm and fixed with adhesive. The end surfaces of the ceramic tube and the optical fiber, which are glued together, are smoothed and coated.95192802.3 relates to a fiber optic sleeve. The sleeve is polished to a physical contact arc and has a first convex end with a predetermined radius of curvature, a second end and an axial hole connecting the first and second ends. An optical fiber is secured within the aperture and a standardized polishing or grinding technique is applied to form an end of the optical fiber, the end of the optical fiber being in ****-plane with the first convex end of the casing.
Sixteenth, agricultural ceramic technology. For example, Document 94119834.0 relates to a ceramic support structure article for crop planting and a method of manufacturing the same. The product includes a hollow ceramic-based pillar support structure for a plastic greenhouse for crop cultivation, and also includes a support column, a support frame, and a cultivation tank for multi-layer cultivation inside and outside the crop greenhouse. The product has the physicochemical properties of ceramics, but the production cost is similar to that of bricks and tiles, and is suitable for large-scale agricultural use.
Seventeenth, ceramic technology for transportation. For example, 98113313.4 relates to a method of manufacturing a reflective ceramic and its structure. The light-emitting ceramic manufactured with it is wear-resistant, durable, and simple in structure, and is suitable for constructing highway crosswalk, demarcation line, traffic indication line, etc. Document 99816532.8 relates to a kind of directional reflective material and its manufacturing method.
Eighteenth, catering ceramic technology. For example, document 95100065.9 relates to a far-infrared radiator and its manufacturing method. It has a mesh plate body, a curved strip of data and a ceramic overlay covered on the outside, the mesh of the suction plate body connects the curved strip with a concave, and there is still a gap between the mesh and the curved strip after the ceramic overlay is covered on the outside, and the ceramic overlay is a mixture of 30% clay and 70% alumina, and the mesh plate body and the curved strip are heated by the slurry of the ceramic overlay covered on the outside, and are molded in two times. It is suitable for the manufacture of baking utensils, especially suitable for the manufacture of far-infrared radiation baking utensils.
Nineteenth, landscape design ceramic technology. For example, document 98120368.X relates to a method of manufacturing a ceramic wigwam landscape. It manufactures a wigwam with opening-rich porous ceramics; forms the wigwam by the unit mold method, breaks down the complex wigwam into wigwam units and spatial units of holes, caves, apertures, seams, and hangs, and controls the external contour of the wigwam units with an outer mold and the spatial units of holes, caves, apertures, seams, and hangs with an inner mold.
Twentieth, nanoceramic technology. For example, document 94112086.4 relates to a method of manufacturing an alumina-based nanoscale complex phase ceramic.97112815.4 relates to a multifunctional nano voltage-sensitive powder material and a method of manufacturing the same. The related material is mainly synthesized by sol-gel method using chemically pure zinc acetate as the main body, triethanolamine as the solvent, citric acid as the complex, and then adding organic salts, inorganic salts, and rare-earth salts, and according to the type of added organic salts, inorganic salts, and rare-earth salts and differences in the manufacturing method, the multifunctional voltage-sensitive powder material can be made, with an average particle size ranging from a dozen nanometers to tens of nanometers. Document No. 00814320.X relates to a method of manufacturing nanocrystalline glass-ceramic fibers.
In short, from the open ceramic technology patent literature, certain domestic enterprises on the design, utility model to carry out a very intensive patent deployment work. With the increasing competition, China's invention patent deployment density also has a tendency to increase, the total amount has exceeded 10,000 articles. Certain large enterprises have shown the strategic intention of building technical trade barriers through large-scale deployment of patent networks.
At the same time, the merger between enterprises is also progressing gradually, and some strategic alliances can be expected to emerge. For example, in February 2007, under the organization of the local patent management organs, 14 famous ceramic enterprises in Foshan City signed a document, trying to form an intellectual property protection alliance. Some domestic backbone enterprises are also brewing the establishment of a patent strategic alliance, mutual granting of patent licenses to each other, through the "Patent Pool" (Patent Pool) *** with the suppression, boycott competitors outside the alliance. With the patent deployment competition and patent alliance continues to develop in depth, many large and medium-sized enterprises may also be out of the game one after another. In this process, the role of design and utility model patents will be declining; the role of manufacturing method and product invention patents will be more prominent. (Wei Yanliang