Synonymous name: Hydrofluoride (hydrofluoric acid, hydrofluoric acid).
Chemical characteristics:-
CAS registration number: 7664-39-3.
Molecular formula: HF
Molecular weight: 20.0 1
Classification and scheme of hazardous substances:
8 corrosive substances; Six drug dramas
Packing: steel cylinder; Ordinary wooden box outside ampoule
Edit this paragraph
Hazard identification data
The most important hazards and impacts:
Acute: strong corrosiveness and strong oxidation.
Inhalation:
1. Stimulate nose, pharynx, eyes and respiratory tract.
2. High concentration steam can severely burn lips, mouth, pharynx and lungs.
3. It may lead to hydrops in the lungs and death.
Exposure to an environment with a concentration of 4. 122ppm 1 min will seriously irritate the nose, pharynx and breathing.
Hydrogen fluoride gas detector
Tao.
Exposure to a concentration of 5.50ppm for several minutes may lead to death.
Skin:
1. Its gas or anhydrous liquid can cause deep skin burns.
2. Excessive splashing on the skin will lead to death.
Eyes: Its vapor will dissolve in the water on the surface of the eyeball, causing irritation.
Intake: not suitable for HF gas. Irritation burns eyes, skin and respiratory system. May cause osteoporosis.
Chronic: Long-term exposure to weak hydrogen fluoride can also lead to corrosion and oxidation, thus damaging human tissues.
Main symptoms: irritation, skin burn, bone weakness and changes (osteoporosis).
Edit this paragraph
Emergency treatment
First aid methods for different exposure routes:
Inhalation:
1. Remove the pollution source or move the patient to a place with fresh air. If necessary, give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
2. Keep the respiratory tract unblocked and seek medical advice immediately.
3. Avoid mouth-to-mouth contact, and it is best to give oxygen by trained personnel under the guidance of a doctor.
Skin contact:
1. Avoid direct contact with chemicals and wear waterproof gloves if necessary.
2. Wash the affected area with moderate flow of warm water for more than 20 minutes as soon as possible. And remove pollutants when washing again.
3. Immerse the injured part in 0.2% HYAMINE 1622 water solution ice (1: 500) or 0. 1. 13%Zephiran ice. If you can't soak it directly, use a bandage and change it every two minutes.
4. If sensitive tissues (lips or mouth) are burned, apply 2.5% calcium gluconate glue and seek medical attention immediately.
Eye contact:
1. Immediately open the eyelids and rinse the contaminated eyes with plenty of clean water for at least 15 minutes.
2. If there is still irritation after washing, wash it repeatedly and see a doctor immediately.
Intake:
1. If the patient is about to lose his will, lose consciousness or have convulsions, don't take anything orally.
2. Rinse your mouth thoroughly with water and don't induce vomiting.
3. Let the patient drink 240-300ml of calcium gluconate solution to dilute the contents in the stomach.
4. If the patient vomits spontaneously, ask the patient to move forward to avoid the danger of inhaling vomit.
5. Feed the patient with water repeatedly.
6. Seek medical attention immediately.
Protection of first-aid personnel: avoid inhaling steam, touching eyes, skin and clothes, and wear appropriate protective clothing, safety gloves and other protective equipment.
Advice to doctors:
1. When inhaling, give oxygen.
2. Skin contact, consider ice bath.
3. Avoid gastric lavage or vomiting.
Edit this paragraph
Fire extinguishing measures
Applicable fire extinguishing agent: For surrounding fires, use appropriate fire extinguishing agent to extinguish the fire.
Special hazards that may be encountered during fire fighting:
1. Contact with water is in danger of violently spraying HF, so water should not directly contact with open or leaking containers.
2. When 2. HF is stored in a metal container, which may produce and accumulate flammable hydrogen.
Special fire extinguishing procedures:-
Special protective equipment for firefighters: Firefighters must wear Class A airtight chemical protective clothing and air respirator.
Edit this paragraph
Leakage treatment method
Personal preventive measures:
1. Personnel should stay away from the leakage area.
2. Provide appropriate protection and ventilation equipment.
Environmental factors:
1. Wear acid-proof clothes for gas supply to achieve maximum protection.
2. Extinguish or remove all ignition sources.
3. Report to the relevant units of government safety, health and environmental protection.
Cleaning method:
1. Don't touch the leak.
2. Avoid leakage to sewers, ditches or other confined spaces.
3. Try to prevent or reduce leakage when safety permits.
4. A small amount of liquid leakage will be absorbed by the absorbent that reacts with the leaked substance and placed in a properly sealed and labeled container.
5. Wash the leaking area with water.
6. Do not directly add water to the leakage source, and do not let water flow into the HF container.
7. If possible, reverse the leaking container so that gas can escape instead of liquid.
8. If leakage cannot be prevented, move the leaking container to a safe place for air leakage repair.
Edit this paragraph
Safe disposal and storage methods
Disposal:
1.HF will react with some container materials or pollutants to produce explosive hydrogen.
2. When opening the HF container, make sure that the working area is well ventilated and there is no spark or ignition source.
3. The process containing HF needs to be handled very carefully.
4. Avoid releasing steam into the air in the work area.
5. Operate in a well-ventilated specific area and use the minimum dose.
6. Emergency response device ready for fire fighting and leakage treatment.
7. Anhydrous HF should be stored in steel pressure vessels.
8. Fans and electrical equipment shall be riot-proof equipment.
9. Consider the detection and alarm system of Zhangshe.
10. Post warning signs at appropriate places.
1 1. Check regularly for defects such as damage or leakage.
Storage:
1. All storage containers should be far away from heat sources and avoid direct sunlight.
2. The storage area should be properly and independently ventilated.
3. The building materials, lighting and ventilation system in the storage area shall be corrosion-resistant.
4. Limited storage, and restrict personnel from entering the storage area.
5. The storage area should be separated from the employee-intensive work area.
Edit this paragraph
Exposure prevention measures
Engineering control:
1. Operate in a completely closed environment.
2. Integral ventilation or local exhaust device.
Control parameters:
Eight-hour daily allowable concentration (TLV):3 ppm.
Short-term average allowable concentration (STEL):6p pm.
Maximum allowable concentration:-
Biological index: 3mg(B, Ns) of fluoride ions per gram of creatine in urine before going to work.
Personal protective equipment:
Respiratory protection: less than 30ppm: powered air purification type or full-size chemical filter tank type respiratory protection equipment with anti-HF filter tank, gas mask with anti-HF filter tank, full-size self-carrying or air supply type respiratory protection equipment.
Unknown concentration: positive pressure self-carrying respiratory protective equipment, positive pressure full gas supply respiratory protective equipment supplemented by positive pressure self-carrying respiratory protective equipment.
Escape: gas mask with anti-high frequency filter, escape type with respiratory protection equipment.
Hand protection: waterproof gloves, Saranex, barrier, Chemrel and Responder are recommended as materials.
Eye protection: chemical safety goggles, green wide hard working cap, with full face protection mask.
Skin and body protection: the above-mentioned rubber integrated protective clothing and work boots. Eye washer and emergency shower equipment.
Health measures:
1. Drag the contaminated clothes as soon as possible after work, then wear them or discard them after washing, and inform the laundry staff of the hazards of pollutants.
2. Smoking or eating is strictly prohibited in the workplace.
Wash your hands thoroughly after handling this thing.
4. Keep the workplace clean.
Edit this paragraph
physicochemical property
Chemical formula HF
The molar mass is 20.0063 g mol-1.
State of matter: gas, shape of liquid: fuming liquid or gas.
Appearance colorless gas
Smell: a strong pungent smell
PH value:-boiling point/boiling point range: 19.54℃
Decomposition temperature:-
Melting point? 83.38℃ (189.77 kPa)
Boiling point: 19.54℃ (293. 15 K)
Flash point: nonflammable
Test method:-
Spontaneous combustion temperature:-explosion limit:/
Vapor pressure: 4. 1 Kpa @2 1℃ Vapor density: 0.99 (13.6℃)
Density 0.8 18g/L
Solubility: completely dissolve (water)
Edit this paragraph
Stability and reactivity
Stability: stability under normal conditions
Possible dangerous reactions under special circumstances:
1. Alkali (such as caustic soda): violent reaction.
2. Fluorine gas: it reacts violently with 50% HF solution, which may cause fire.
3. Arsenic trioxide: The reaction generates a lot of heat.
4. Glass, pottery, metal containing silicon dioxide, natural rubber and natural leather: this acid can dissolve them.
Most metals except wax, lead and platinum: this acid can corrode them.
Circumstances to be avoided:-
Substances to be avoided: alkali (such as caustic soda), fluorine gas, arsenic trioxide, glass, pottery, metal containing silicon dioxide, natural rubber and natural leather, and most metals except wax, lead and platinum.
Hazardous decomposition products:-
Solubility: Soluble in water. Its solution is hydrofluoric acid.
Harmful combustion products: hydrogen fluoride.
Edit this paragraph
Toxicity data
LD50:- LD50:1108 ppm/1h (rats, inhaled)
Acute toxicity: LC50? : 5000 mgF-/m3, 5 min (inhaled by mice); 14400 mg F-/m？ 3.5 minutes (inhalation by rats); 270 mg F-/m3 for 60 minutes (inhaled by mice); 1 100 mg F-/ m3 for 60 minutes (inhaled by rats).
Subacute and chronic toxicity: cause chronic inflammation of nose, pharynx and larynx, and in severe cases, perforation of nasal septum may occur. Bone damage can lead to skeletal fluorosis. Hydrogen fluoride can penetrate deep into the skin, forming necrosis and ulcer, which is not easy to cure. Rabbits inhale 3.3 ~ 42 mg/m3, with an average of 20 mg/m3. 1 ~ 5.5 months later, mucosal irritation, emaciation, dyspnea, decreased hemoglobin, increased reticulocyte, and some animals died.
Metabolism: This substance can enter the human body through the respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract in the form of gas, steam or dust. Hydrogen fluoride is soluble and absorbed quickly. After being absorbed, it quickly enters the blood circulation, and about 75% runs in combination with albumin. [u compound] [/should be distributed in soft tissues such as aorta, heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney. It can also penetrate the placental barrier. When the pH value increases and the concentration of calcium ion increases, the binding amount of fluoride and plasma protein increases. In addition, high-fat foods will promote the retention of fluorine in the body. Fluoride in the body is mainly excreted with urine, and about half of fluoride absorbed by adults is excreted from urine; Those exposed to high concentrations in industrial production often excrete excessive fluoride in urine after leaving contact, which can last for several years.
Poisoning mechanism: Fluorine is the most active element in [U group elements]. Fluorine ion has a strong negative charge, and the hydrogen ion combined with it is not easy to separate. This characteristic of less ionization makes it easy to penetrate through the complete skin and lipid barrier and enter the deep subcutaneous tissue. Fluoride ions are dissociated from hydrofluoric acid and combine with calcium and magnesium plasma to form insoluble fluoride salts. However, the separated hydrogen ions will cause local acid burns. Fluorine ions can still dissolve the cell membrane, leading to liquefactive necrosis in epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue and even muscle layer. When it diffuses to bone, fluoride ions combine with calcium in bone, resulting in decalcification and other changes.
Stimulation: People are stimulated by 25mg/m3; 26 mg/m3 for several minutes; When the concentration is 50 mg/m3, it will cause irritation to eyes and nasal mucosa, and cause skin tingling; When the concentration is 100 mg/m3, it can only tolerate1min; ; When the concentration was 400 ~ 430 mg/m3, he died of acute poisoning.
Mutagenicity: DNA damage: Drosophila inhalation 1300 ppb(6 weeks); Sex chromosome deletion and non-segregation: Drosophila melanogaster inhaled 2900 ppb.
Hazard classification (GB 5044-85): Grade II (highly dangerous).
Toxic effects:
1. Fluoride is necessary for bones, but excessive fluoride may lead to fluorosis (softening and degeneration of bones and hardening).
2. Fluorosis may lead to heart disease, nervous system and intestinal problems.
3. The more fluoride inhaled, the more bone poisoning caused. After several years, excessive fluoride can be removed, and skeletal fluorosis may gradually recover.
4. The fluoride concentration in urine should be less than 4 mg/L. ..
Special effects: 470μg/m3/4H (pregnant 1-22 day female rats, inhaled) caused an increase in embryo mortality.
IARC classified it as the third group: it cannot be judged as human cancer.
Edit this paragraph
Ecological data
Possible environmental impact/distribution: Fluoride ions will be stored in bones, but can be excreted after several years.
Waste treatment method
Disposal method of waste:
1. Refer to relevant laws and regulations.
2. Consult product suppliers.
Material transportation
International transport regulations:
1.DOT 49 CFR classifies it as Class 8 corrosive substance, and the packaging grade is I.. Secondary hazards are toxic substances. (US Department of Transportation)
2.IATA/ICAO classification: 8, secondary hazard: 6. 1. (International Shipping Organization)
3.IMDG classification: 8, secondary hazard: 6. 1. (International Maritime Organization)
Un number: un number: 1052
Domestic transport regulations:
Rules for the transportation of automobile goods
Interim regulations on the administration of highway transportation
Special mode of transportation and matters needing attention: It is recommended that the operators have perfect training courses.
Regulatory data
Applicable regulations:
The State Council Decree No.344 [Regulations on Safety Management of Hazardous Chemicals]
[u People's Republic of China (PRC) Fire Protection Law [/
Classification and labeling of hazardous chemicals
[u Provisions on the Safe Use of Chemicals in the Workplace [/
[Rules for the transportation of goods by U-type vehicles [/
[Provisional Regulations on Transportation Management of U Road]/