Lub connects the Node B transceiver to the Radio Network Controller (RNC). This can typically be accomplished over a T-1/E-1 link, which is usually centralized in a T-1/E-1 aggregator that provides traffic to the RNC over an OC-3 link.
Lur An RNC-to-RNC connection for call switching, typically implemented over an OC-3 link.
lu-cs The core network interface between the RNC and the circuit-switched voice network. Typically implemented as an OC-12 rate link.
lu-ps The core network interface between the RNC and the packet-switched data network. Typically implemented as an OC-12 rate link.
Table 1. Interface Reference Points Wireless Network Controller (RNC) Requirements Two technologies that help developers meet stringent wireless network controller (RNC) requirements are ATCA and the Intel?IXP2XXX network processor. The latter is based on the Intel Internet Exchange Architecture (Intel IXA) and Intel XScale?technology and is designed to deliver high performance and low power consumption. ATCAATCA is an industry program developed by the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Association (PICMG). Designed to meet the requirements of network equipment manufacturers for platform reuse, lower cost, faster time-to-market, and multifaceted flexibility, as well as the requirements of carriers and service providers for reduced capital and operating expenditures, ATCA meets these requirements by developing standard chassis form factors, intra-chassis interconnections, and platform management interfaces suitable for high-performance, high-bandwidth computing and communications solutions. For more information about ATCA, please visit: http://www.picmg.org/newinitiative.stm. Intel IXP2XXX Network Processor The IXP2XXX network processor provides the flexibility to process any protocol on any port; smooth portability from ATM to IP networks; customized operation-oriented wire-speed processing capabilities; feature upgrades; and emerging standards support. In addition, the combination of the commercially available ATCA subsystem and the IXP2XXX network processor presents designers with the opportunity to build a radio network controller (RNC) using standard modular components. The potential benefits of this type of design approach include increased system scalability and flexibility, further reducing time-to-market while lowering costs. Creating a Powerful Wireless Network Controller (RNC) Data Panel System
The figure above exemplifies an approach to creating a powerful wireless network controller (RNC) system utilizing ATCA and Intel's network processing chips. The advanced wireless network controller (RNC) functionality can be partitioned as described above, but other approaches are equally viable. This diagram is intended as a logical or conceptual example only and is not an illustration of the actual hardware configuration. At the data panel level, the design uses three basic types of cards. Radio Access Network (RAN) line cards, Core Network (CN) line cards, and Radio Network Layer (RNL) cards. The Radio Network Layer (RNL) card supports the wireless network stack and performs decoding/encoding. It also includes a control and application card. The Radio Access Network (RAN) line card and Core Network (CN) line card handle different network interface types, primarily based on carrier needs. Typical interfaces include T-1/E-1 and OC-3. These cards are designed with the Intel IXP2XXX network processor to support high-performance wire-speed transmission, switching, and conversion functions, such as ATM segmentation and reorganization (SAR), point-to-point (PPP) protocol processing, and POS transmission. Note: Line card functions can be co-located. A physical card can serve as an Iub, Iur, lu-PS, and lu-CS logical interface. The Radio Network Layer (RNL) cards can also use the high-performance IXP2XXX network processor to handle intensive protocol processing tasks in conjunction with the 3G network. These cards do not have a network interface to the outside world, but can act as complex protocol processing engines for traffic introduced through the radio access network (RAN) and core network (CN) line cards. The Radio Network Layer (RNL) cards must also be encrypted according to the 3GPP Kasumi encryption algorithm. The Radio Network Layer (RNL) card is the most MIP-intensive component of the Radio Network Controller (RNC) data panel and its performance is critical in determining overall system capacity and performance. System Performance To test the performance of the ATCA form factor line card with the IXP2XXX network processor and the Radio Network Layer (RNL) card, Intel created the Radio Network Controller (RNC) Data Panel reference platform. Internal performance metrics were evaluated by using traffic models derived from the UMTS 6 report (see http://www.umts-forum.org/servlet/dycon/ztumts/umts/Live/en/umts/Resources_Reports_06_ for the UMTS 6 report). index). This model is designed with a traffic load intended to represent a typical UMTS network in 2005. It mixes voice and data traffic, the latter requiring a bandwidth of 384 Kpbs per user. Using this traffic model, a Radio Network Layer (RNL) card with an IXP2800 network processor can handle 72,000 subscribers, generating a mixed load of 3,540 Erlang of circuit-switched and packet-switched traffic. Using a low-demand traffic model containing only circuit-switched voice calls, the card can handle 180,000 subscribers. Radio Network Layer (RNL) cards based on this design can be combined with line cards and other ATCA components to create extremely powerful compact Radio Network Controller (RNC) data panel systems. The system in Figure 5 illustrates a standard 19-inch ATCA rack with 14 card slots. A single rack can handle the traffic of 500,000 users and support a packet-switched data throughput rate of 555 Mbps. Numerous racks can be interconnected in a single telecom rack to support higher densities. The system in Figure 5*** contains 12 cards, including spares, to provide carrier-grade reliability and stability. All line cards and Radio Network Layer (RNL) cards utilize the Intel IXP2XXX network processor to provide high performance, wire-speed transmission, switching, and protocol processing. The line cards have the capability to support the full range of WAN interfaces, from T-1/E-1 to Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and Gigabit Ethernet rates. In this example system, the line cards are deployed in a 2+1 configuration: two active line cards and one standby line card. There are eight active OC-3 interfaces on the radio access network (RAN) side and eight additional OC-3 interfaces for failover. There are also two active OC-12 core network interfaces and two spare interfaces. The line cards are Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Automatic Protection Switching (APS) compliant for failover. The cards can be interconnected using an ATCA 3.1-compliant Ethernet switching fabric. Two Ethernet switching cards are included to support various connectivity options between the cards. A viable alternative design option is to use an Ethernet switch as a mezzanine card for the two Radio Network Layer (RNL) cards. This design has the distinct advantage of freeing up two node slots for revenue-generating cards. Combining the ATCA with the IXP2XXX network processor provides important performance and cost savings over the alternatives. Current wireless network controller (RNC) designs typically require multiple racks of equipment to support user densities of 100,000 to 200,000. The paradigm design can support up to 500,000 users in a single telecom rack, providing significant savings in power costs and central office footprint. Designing High-Density, Small-Footprint Radio Network Controller (RNC) Data Panels Next-generation radio network controllers (RNCs) are a key network element in emerging public*** wireless networks. With the industry's growing trend toward the use of standard, modular network elements, the traditional proprietary approach to wireless network controller (RNC) system design has begun to be replaced. By using the ATCA and IXP2XXX network processors, system designers can combine industry-standard hardware with powerful, programmable network processing chips. Wireless network controller (RNC) data panels based on these technologies are designed to achieve very high levels of density in a very small amount of system space
Homophone: R&C (also known as Gongtong R&B)
The "R&C" is a very big concept, and it's a symbol that has a very big difference between when it was formed and when it is now. It's a symbol that was very different when it was first formed than it is now. The connotation of "R&C" will always change with the music of the backstring, and every record in the future will give new things to "R&C", for example, R may stand for rhythm and revive, while C is the name of a five-alarm band. revive), and C is even more diverse, such as chinese (Chinese), create (create), cartoon (cartoon), color (color) and COSPLAY (role-playing) or even cai ("dish" pinyin) and so on, the backstring's "Nine Princesses" EP incorporates many of these words. The "Nine Princesses" EP incorporates many of these youthful elements, with each song being a change of pace and freshness. Just like "Nine Princesses", "Round Dance Hip Hop" is just like a new dish served by Hou Chord: "Fire Roasted Ice Cream", Round Dance feels like ice cream, while Hip Hop is a fire, dim sum can be made this way, and the music may also be able to collide with sparks, a 3-part song representing coldness and fantasy, and a 3-part song representing coldness and fantasy. A representative of the cold and fantasy of the 3/4 beat, on the one hand, on behalf of the hot character of the hip-hop 4/4 beat, because the nine princesses and the British court fantasy and soccer are related to the Princess's delicate soccer action, with the round dance music and hip-hop to **** with the interpretation of the best, but fresh enough.