Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (English: Extra-corporeal Membrane Oxygenation, abbreviation: ECMO) is a medical emergency device used to provide respiration and circulation outside the body for patients during cardiopulmonary surgery, such as in severe cardiopulmonary failure and heart transplantation. In addition to temporarily replacing the patient's cardiopulmonary function and reducing the burden on the patient's heart and lungs, ECMO can also buy more time for medical personnel to save the patient's life. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was first successfully utilized by the University of Michigan Medical School.
ECMO was first invented in the 1950s by John Gibbon and continued to be developed by Clarence Walton Leahy. Because purely mechanical extracorporeal support systems were initially unsophisticated, Lillahay used the bold experiment of using a living human being to act as an extracorporeal support system for the patient, and first tested it on a newborn in 1965.
In 1972, Robert H. Bartlett, a surgeon at the University of Michigan, successfully used it for the first time in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory distress.
On November 8, 2021, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU) announced that the Extracorporeal Membrane Lung Oxygenation Device (ECMO), which was jointly developed by the hospital, the National Research Center for Biomedical Materials Engineering Technology of Sichuan University, and the School of Mechanical Engineering of Xi'an Jiaotong University, has been the first to enter into the clinical stage in China.
Allowances, a form of wage supplementation that compensates workers for labor consumption and extra expenses on living costs under special conditions. Common ones include mine underground allowance, high-temperature allowance, field miner's allowance, forest area allowance, mountain area allowance, island allowance, hardship weather station allowance, health care allowance, medical and health care allowance, etc. In addition, cost-of-living allowance and price subsidy are also classified as allowances.
The ecom allowance is a certain amount of subsidy that can be given if the treatment is used in that way.