Purchasing plan development
According to the theory of purchasing management, in the procurement must be developed before the implementation of a detailed and strong purchasing plan, so as to ensure that the procurement work according to the plan for the smooth implementation. And in the development of procurement planning, and can be implemented in accordance with the following three steps.
1 Procurement analysis
In procurement analysis, the main direct costs that may be incurred in procurement, indirect costs, self-manufacturing capacity, the ability to evaluate bids for procurement, etc., to analyze and compare, and to decide whether to purchase all or part of the required goods and services from a single supplier or from multiple suppliers. Procurement analysis in the project management node, should be the project planning and project program has been output, procurement needs to be based on the program to do full procurement budget, steps and sequence.
The process is to decompose the program, break down the program tasks, and list the procurement elements. In this process, the decomposition should be fine, the estimation should be accurate, otherwise the procurement will be out of the question; under-procurement, or over-procurement, will bring trouble. Project Management Forum
In this paper, the construction of the project, I first completed the development of a detailed design program to test the system. In the design program, I gave the network topology diagram and host storage architecture diagram of the development test system, and clarified the needs of the system architecture construction. In addition, the detailed configuration, performance and functional requirements of each network, host and storage device in the architecture diagram are also written in the design program.
In hindsight, if the program details had not been analyzed at the time, it is likely that the products procured would not have been able to meet the needs of the development and testing environment. Therefore, adequate procurement analysis is essential for large-scale project construction, and needs to be done in a comprehensive and specific manner.
2 choice of contract type
When the decision to need to purchase, the choice of contract type becomes the buyer and seller attention. The focus is on the different contract types because they determine how the risk is distributed between the buyer and the seller. The buyer's goal is to place the greatest implementation risk on the seller while maintaining incentives for economic and efficient execution of the project; the seller's goal is to minimize risk while maximizing profit.
Common contracts can be divided into the following five types. Different contract types apply to different situations, the buyer can choose according to the specific circumstances. In general, they are applicable as follows:
① Cost plus percentage of cost (CPPC) contracts: rarely used nowadays due to unfavorable cost control;
② Cost plus fixed-fee (CPFF) contracts: suitable for research and development projects;
③ Cost plus incentive fee (CPIF) contracts: mainly used for long-term, hardware development and testing of many demanding Contracts;
④ Fixed Price plus Incentive Fee (FPI) contracts: long-term high-value contracts;
⑤ Fixed Fee (FFP) contracts: the buyer is easy to control the total cost of ownership, the risk is minimal; the seller has the greatest risk and the potential for profit may be the greatest, and therefore the most commonly used.
In this paper, the project procurement, in order to facilitate the control of the total cost, reduce contract risk, the use of fixed-price contract. Since this project is an integration project with more defined costs and a shorter implementation time, a fixed cost contract is appropriate.
3 Procurement Plan Preparation
Prepare a procurement plan based on the results of the procurement analysis and the selected contract type, showing how to manage the procurement process. Specifically: the type of contract, the people who will organize the procurement, manage potential suppliers, prepare procurement documentation, and develop evaluation criteria.
In this paper, the project procurement, the author is based on the results of procurement analysis and the selected contract type, the development of a procurement plan. The plan includes the following main elements: procurement content, procurement process, procurement methods, procurement time schedule plan, procurement budget and so on. With the above specific procurement plan and implementation steps, the next step is to strictly implement the plan and turn it into reality.
;