Natural Smoke Exhaustion
8.2.1
Except for a class of public **** buildings with a building height of more than
50
m
and residential buildings with a building height of more than
100
m
, the smoke-proofing of
smokeproofing
by the external wall is appropriate. Stairwells and their anterior rooms, anterior rooms of fire elevator rooms and shared anterior rooms, it is appropriate to use natural smoke exhaust.
8.2.2
The area of open windows for natural smoke exhaustion shall comply with the following provisions:
8.2.2.1
The area of openable windows in the front room of the smoke-proof stairwell and the front room of the fire fighting elevator room shall not be less than
2.00
m2
, and the area of the common front room
shall not be less than
3.00
.
3.00
m2
8.2.2.2
The sum of the total area of the openable external windows of the smoke-proof stairwells against the external walls shall not be less than
2.00
m2 for every five floors.
8.2.2.3
The area of the openable external window of the internal aisle whose length exceeds
60
m
shall not be less than 2% of the area of the aisle
8.2.2.4
The area of the openable external window of the room which needs to be smoke-exhausted shall not be less than 2% of the area of the room
. 2%
8.2.2.5
The area of the openable skylight or high side window of an atrium with a headroom less than
12
m
shall not be less than
5% of the floor area of the atrium
8.2.3
The front room of the smoke-proof stairwell or the shared front room, utilizing the open balcony, Concave corridor or the front room has a different direction of the open external
windows for natural smoke exhaust, the stairwell can not be equipped with smoke-proof facilities.
8.2.4
Smoke-exhaust windows should be set on the top and should have a convenient opening device.
8.3
Mechanical smoke control
8.3.1
The following parts shall be equipped with independent smoke control facilities with mechanical pressurized air supply:
8.3.1.1
Smoke-proof stairwells, fire elevator rooms, or shared rooms that don't have the condition of natural smoke exhaust.
8.3.1.2
Smoke-proof stairwells using natural smoke exhaust measures, which do not have natural smoke exhaust conditions in the front room.
8.3.1.3
Enclosed refuge floors (rooms)
8.3.2
Smoke-proof stairwells in high-rise buildings and their anterooms,
shared anterooms and anterooms of fire elevator rooms, the amount of mechanically pressurized air supply should be determined by calculation
or in accordance with the Table
8.3.2-1
Table 8.3.2-2
.to Table
8.3.2-4
.
When the calculated value and this table do not agree,
shall be determined by the greater of the two
.
Smoke-proof stairwell (front room without air supply)
Table
8.3.2-1
System burden number of floors
Pressurized air supply (
m
3
h
)
＜
20
Floor
25000
～
30000
20
～
32
Floor
35000
～
40000
Separate pressurized air supply quantity of smoke-proof staircase compartments and their common front rooms
The air supply quantity of smoke-proof staircases and their common front rooms is as follows p>Table
8.3.2-2
Number of floors in the system
Air supply part
Pressurized air supply (
m
3
h
)
<
20
Floor
Smoke-proof staircase compartment
~
20000
Shared front room
12,000
~
16,000
20
~
32
Floor
Smoke-proof stairwell
20,000
Smoke-proof stairwell
20000
～
25000
Shared front room
18000
～
22000
Pressurized air supply volume of the front room of the fire elevator
Table
8.3.2-3
System burden number of floors
Pressurized air supply volume（
m
3
/h
)
<
20
storey
15000
～
20000
20
～
32
storey
22000
～
27000
Smoke-proof stairwells with natural smoke exhaustion, and the air supply volume when the front room or the shared front room does not have natural smoke exhaustion
Table
8.3.2-4
Number of floors of the system burden
Pressurized air supply volume(
m
3)
/h
)
<
20
storey
22000
~
27000
20
~
32
storey
28000
~
32000
Note:
1
Table
8.3.2-1
to Table
8.3.2-4
Airflow is calculated by turning on
2.00
m
×
1.60
m
determined for a double door. When a single door is used, its air volume can be calculated by
by
0.75
coefficient; when there are two or more entrances and exits, its air volume should be calculated by multiplying by the coefficient of
1.50
~
1.75
. When the door is opened, the wind speed through the
door should not be less than
0.70m/s
2
The upper and lower limits of the air volume should be selected according to the number of floors, duct materials, fire door leakage, and other factors to be determined by a comprehensive comparison.
8.3.3
The number of floors more than thirty-two high-rise buildings, the air supply system and air supply should be designed separately.
8.3.4
Scissors stairwells can be combined with an air duct, the air volume should be calculated according to the air volume of the two stairwells, the air supply outlet should be set up separately.
8.3.5
Enclosed refuge floor (room) of the mechanical pressurization of the air supply should be calculated according to the net area of the refuge floor per square meter of not less than
30
m
3
/h
.
8.3.6
Mechanically pressurized air supply smoke-proof stairwells and shared front rooms, it is appropriate to set up separate ventilation systems, when there must be a
system, should be set up in the branch ducts leading to the shared front room of the differential pressure automatic adjustment device.
8.3.7
The full pressure of the mechanically pressurized supply fan, in addition to calculating the head loss of the most unfavorable annulus, there should be a residual pressure. The residual pressure shall meet
the following requirements:
8.3.7.1
Smoke-proof stairwells shall be
40
Pa
to
50
Pa
8.3.7.2
Anterior compartments, common anterior compartments, anterior compartments of fire elevator rooms, enclosed Shelter floor (room) for
25
Pa
to
30
Pa
8.3.8
Stairwells are suitable for every second to third floor to set up a pressurized air supply outlet; the front room of the pressurized air supply should be set up for each floor.
8.3.9
Mechanical pressurized air supply fan can be used axial fan or low-pressure centrifugal fan, fan location should be based on the power supply conditions, wind
balanced distribution of air volume, fresh air inlet is not subject to the threat of fire, smoke and other factors to determine.
8.4
Mechanical smoke exhaust
8.4.1
The following parts of Class I high-rise buildings and Class II high-rise buildings with a building height of more than
32
m
should be equipped with mechanical smoke exhaust facilities:
8.4.1.1
No Direct natural ventilation,
and the length of more than
20
m
internal aisles or direct natural ventilation,
but the length of more than
60
m
internal aisles.
8.4.1.2
Windowless rooms or rooms with fixed windows
with an area of more than
100
m2
and where there are frequent occupants or a large number of combustible materials.
8.4.1.3
Atriums that do not have natural smoke exhaust conditions or have a clear height of more than
12
m
.
8.4.1.4
Except for the rooms that utilize window wells and other openings for natural smoke exhaustion,
the total area of each room is more than
200
m2
or the area of one room
is more than
50
m2
and there is a lot of people staying in the basement or a lot of combustible materials. basement with a large number of combustible materials.
8.4.2
The air volume of the smoke exhaust fan in the part where mechanical smoke exhaust facilities are installed shall comply with the following provisions:
8.4.2.1
When the room responsible for exhausting smoke in one smoke-proof partition or the headroom is more than
6.00
m
in the planned smoke-proof partition,
it shall be adjusted at the rate of 1.5m/cm2 for every 1.5m/cm2 of the room. shall be calculated on the basis of not less than
60
m
3
h
per
square meter of area (the minimum volume of smoke exhaust per fan shall not be less than
7200
m
3
h
)
8.4. 2.2
When it is responsible for exhausting smoke in two or more smoke-proof partitions, it shall be calculated according to the area of the largest smoke-proof partition which is not less than
120
m
3
h
per square meter.
8.4.2.3
When the volume of the atrium is less than or equal to
17000
m
3
, the volume of smoke exhaust shall be calculated according to the volume of
6
times
ventilation; the volume of the atrium is more
than
17000
m
3
the volume of smoke exhaust is calculated according to its volume of
4
times
/h
air change, but the minimum volume of smoke exhaust should not be less than
102000
m
3
/h
.8.4.3
Smoke-proof stairwells and their anterior rooms in high-rise buildings with podiums, fire elevator anterior rooms or shared anterior rooms, when the part above the podium
uses openable external windows for natural smoke evacuation, and the part of the podium doesn't have the conditions for natural smoke evacuation,
the anterior room or shared anterior room shall be equipped with a
localized positive pressure air supply system, and the positive pressure value shall be in accordance with
102000
3
/h
. The value of positive pressure shall be in accordance with the provisions of8.3.7
.
8.4.4
Smoke vents shall be located on the ceiling or on the wall close to the ceiling,
and the minimum horizontal distance between the smoke vent and the adjacent edge of the nearby safety exit along the direction of the aisle
shall not be less than
1.50
m
. The smoke vent located on the ceiling should not be
less than
1.00
m
from combustible components or combustible materials. The smoke vent is normally closed and should be provided with manual and automatic opening devices.
8.4.5
The horizontal distance between the smoke vent and the farthest point in the smoke partition shall not exceed
30m
, and there shall be a smoke vent fire damper on the smoke vent branch pipe which can be closed by itself when the temperature of the smoke gas
exceeds
280
℃.
8.4.6
The mechanical smoke exhaust system of the aisles shall be set up vertically; the mechanical smoke exhaust system of the rooms shall be set up in accordance with the smoke partition.
8.4.7
Smoke exhaust fans can be centrifugal fans or smoke exhaust axial fans,
and should be equipped with smoke exhaust fire dampers at the population of the fan room that can be shut down by themselves when the temperature of the smoke gases
exceeds
280
℃. The smoke exhaust fan shall ensure that it can work continuously at
280
°C for
30min
8.4.8
In the mechanical smoke exhaust system. The smoke exhaust fan shall be able to start by itself when any smoke vent or smoke exhaust valve is opened.
8.4.9
Smoke exhaust ducts shall be made of non-combustible materials. The heat insulation layer of the smoke exhaust ducts installed in the ceiling shall be made of non-combustible
materials and shall be kept at a distance of not less than
150
㎜
from combustible materials.
8.4.10
Mechanical smoke exhaust system and ventilation and air conditioning system should be set up separately. If combined, reliable fire
safety measures must be taken and should meet the requirements of the smoke exhaust system.
8.4.11
The basement where mechanical smoke exhaust system is set up, the air supply system should be set up at the same time, and the volume of air supply should not be less than 50% of the volume of smoke exhaust
8.4.12
The full pressure of the smoke exhaust fan should be calculated according to the most unfavorable loop pipe of the exhaust system, and the volume of its exhaust volume should be increased by the wind leakage factor.
8.5
Ventilation and air-conditioning
8.5.1
Rooms with flammable and explosive substances in the air, the air supply and exhaust system shall adopt corresponding explosion-proof ventilation equipment; when
the supply fan is located in a separately separated ventilation room and the air supply trunk pipe is equipped with a check valve,
the ordinary type can be adopted. ventilation equipment,
its air
gas should not be recycled.
8.5.2
Ventilation, air conditioning system, horizontal should be set up according to each fire partition, vertical should not exceed five floors, when the exhaust ducts
protected against reflux facilities and the floors are equipped with automatic sprinkler system,
its air intake and exhaust ducts may not be subject to this limitation.
Vertical
air ducts shall be located in the pipe wells.
8.5.3
Fire dampers shall be provided for the ducts of ventilation and air conditioning systems in one of the following cases:
8.5.3.1
Where the ducts cross the fire protection partition.
8.5.3.2
Through the ventilation, air conditioning machine room and important or fire risk room partition walls and floor.
8.5.3.3
On the horizontal pipe section at the junction of vertical duct and horizontal duct.
8.5.3.4
Through the deformation joints on both sides.
8.5.4
The operation temperature of the fire damper is
70
°C
.
8.5.5
Vertical exhaust ducts in kitchens,
bathrooms,
toilets, etc.
Measures shall be taken to prevent back-flow or fire dampers shall be installed on branch pipes.
8.5.6
Ventilation, air-conditioning system ducts, etc., shall be made of non-combustible materials, but ducts and
flexible joints that come into contact with corrosive media may be made of non-combustible materials.
8.5.7
The heat insulation materials, muffling materials and adhesive of the pipelines and equipments shall be non-combustible materials or incombustible materials.
Noncombustible materials and their adhesives shall be used in the range of
2.00m
on each side of the ducts crossing the firewall and deformation joints.
8.5.8
When there is an electric heater in the air duct, the fan shall be chained with the electric heater. Before and after the electric heater, each
800
㎜
range of the air
pipe and the pipeline that passes through the parts that are easy to be ignited such as the fire source shall be made of non-combustible heat preservation materials.
9
Electrical
9.1
Fire-fighting power supply and its distribution
9.1.1
Fire-fighting control room, fire-fighting pumps, fire-fighting elevators, smoke and smoke exhaust facilities, automatic fire alarms, leakage
fire alarm systems, automatic fire extinguishing systems, emergency lighting, evacuation signs and electric fire doors, windows, smoke exhaust facilities, fire alarm systems and electric fire doors. And motorized fire doors, windows, shutters, valves
and other fire protection power, should be in accordance with the current national standards, "Power Supply and Distribution System Design Code"
GB50052
provisions for the design of the line, a
class of high-rise buildings should be required by the first class of the load of power supply, the second high-rise buildings should be required by the second class of the load of power supply.
9.1.2
The power supply of fire control room, fire pump, fire elevator, smoke and exhaust fan of high-rise buildings shall be set up at the last
level distribution box with automatic switching device.
A class of high-rise buildings with their own power generation equipment,
should be equipped with automatic starting device,
and can be
30s
power supply.
Two types of high-rise buildings
Self-contained power generation equipment, when the use of automatic start is difficult, can be used to start the device manually.
9.1.3
Firefighting power equipment should be used for a dedicated power supply circuit, and its power distribution equipment should be clearly marked. Its distribution lines and control
Control circuit should be divided according to the fire partition.
9.1.4
The distribution lines of the fire fighting equipment shall meet the needs of continuous power supply in case of fire. Its laying shall comply with the following provisions:
9.1.4.1
When it is laid in the dark, it shall be threaded through the pipe and laid in the structure of the non-combustible body and the thickness of the protective layer shall not be less than
30
㎜; when it is laid in the open
it shall be threaded through the metal pipe which has the fireproof protection or the closed metal trunking which has the fireproof protection;
9.1.4 .
2
When fire-retardant or fire-resistant cables are used, fire protection measures may not be taken in cable shafts and cable trenches;
9.1.4.
3
When non-combustible mineral-insulated cables are used, they may be laid directly;
9.1.4.4
It is desirable to lay them separately from other distribution lines.
When laid in the same well trench,
it is desirable to be arranged on both sides of the well trench.
9.2
Fire emergency lighting and evacuation signs
9.2.1
The following parts of the high-rise building should be equipped with emergency lighting:
9.2.1.1
Stairwells, smoke-proof stairwells in front of the room, the fire elevator and its anterior, the front room and the refuge floor (room)
9.2.2 .1.2
Power distribution room, fire control room, fire pump room, smoke exhaust machine room, battery room for fire-fighting electricity, self
prepared generator room, telephone switchboard room, and other rooms still need to work in the event of fire.
9.2.1.3
Audience halls, exhibition halls, multi-purpose halls, restaurants and commercial business halls, and other crowded places.
9.2.1.4
Evacuation aisles in public **** buildings and internal aisles in residential buildings where the length of the aisle exceeds
20
m
.
9.2.2
Emergency lighting for evacuation, the minimum illuminance on the ground should not be less than
0.5
Lx
Emergency lighting in fire control rooms, fire pump rooms, smoke and smoke extraction plant rooms, power distribution rooms and self-generator rooms, telephone switchboard rooms, as well as other rooms that need to continue to work in case of
fire.
9.2.3
Except for the second category of residential buildings, high-rise buildings, evacuation aisles and safety exits should be equipped with evacuation signs.
9.2.4
Evacuation emergency lighting should be located on the wall or ceiling. Safety exit signs should be located on the top of the exit; evacuation aisle
directional signs should be located in the evacuation aisle and its corners from the ground
1.00
m
more than on the wall.
The spacing of aisle evacuation sign lamps should not
be greater than
20
m
9.2.5
Emergency lighting and lighted evacuation signs should be equipped with a protective cover made of glass or other non-combustible materials.
9.2.6
Emergency lighting and evacuation signs, can be used as a backup power battery, and the continuous power supply time should not be less than
20min
; height of more than
100
m
high-rise buildings continuous power supply time should not be less than
30min
9.3
Lamps and lanterns
9.3.1
Switches, sockets and luminaires near combustible materials should be protected by heat insulation, heat dissipation and other protective measures.
Tungsten halogen lamps and incandescent bulbs exceeding
100W
incandescent ceiling lamps, trough lamps, recessed lamps should take protective measures for the introduction of wires.
9.3.2
Incandescent lamps, tungsten halogen lamps, fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamps, ballasts, etc. shall not be set directly on combustible decorative materials or combustible components
.
Combustible goods warehouse should not be set up tungsten halogen lamps and other high-temperature lighting fixtures.
9.4
Automatic Fire Alarm System, Fire Emergency Broadcasting and Fire Control Room
9.4.1
High-rise buildings with a building height of more than
100m
except for swimming pools, skating rinks, and restrooms should be equipped with an automatic fire alarm
system.
9.4.2
In addition to residential, commercial and residential buildings of the residential part, swimming pools, ice rinks, building height does not exceed
100m
a class of buildings
the following parts of the fire should be equipped with automatic fire alarm system;
9.4.2.1
Hospital wards of the ward building wards, expensive medical equipment rooms, case file rooms, and drug stores.
9.4.2.2
Guest rooms and public ****activity rooms in high-class hotels.
9.4.2.3
Business halls of commercial and commercial-residential buildings, exhibition halls of exhibition buildings.
9.4.2.4
Important machine rooms and important rooms in telecommunication buildings and postal buildings.
9.4.2.5
Offices, business halls, and ticket depots in the Finance and Trade Finance Building.
9.4.2.6
Radio and television building studios, studios, recording studios, program broadcasting technical rooms, props and sets.
9.4.2.7
Microcomputer room, computer room, control room, power room of the power dispatch building, disaster prevention command and dispatch building, etc.
9.4.2.8
Reading rooms, offices, book vaults of libraries.
9.4.2.9
Archive storage, reading room, office of the archive building.
9.4.2.10
Offices, meeting rooms, archives in office buildings
9.4.2.11
Aisles, foyers, combustible storage rooms, air-conditioning plant rooms, distribution rooms, rooms for self-provided generators
9.4.2.12
Net height over
2.60
m
Technical mezzanine with a high level of combustible materials.
9.4.2.13
Compartments for valuable equipment and rooms with a high risk of fire.
9.4.2.14
Basements with frequent occupancy or with a large number of combustible materials.
9.4.2.15
Mainframe rooms, control rooms, paper libraries, and tape libraries of electronic computer rooms.
9.4.3
The following parts of a Type II high-rise building shall be equipped with an automatic fire alarm system:
9.4.3.1
Offices, business halls, and ticket warehouses in the property, trade, and financial buildings.
9.4.3.2
Mainframe room, control room, paper library, tape library of electronic computer room.
9.4.3.3
Storage rooms for combustible items with an area greater than
50
m2
.
9.4.3.4
Business halls with an area greater than
500
m2
.
9.4.3.5
Basements that are frequently occupied or have a high level of combustible materials.
9.4.3.6
Rooms that are important in nature or contain valuables.
Note:
Hotels,
office buildings,
complex buildings
foyer,
auditorium,
with automatic sprinkler system,
will not be able to set up automatic fire alarm system.
9.4.4
The design of emergency broadcasting shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the current national standard
Design Code for Automatic Fire Alarm Systems
.
9.4.5
High-rise buildings equipped with automatic fire alarm systems and automatic fire extinguishing systems or with automatic fire alarm systems and mechanical smoke-proof and
smoke exhaust facilities
should be equipped with fire control rooms in accordance with the requirements of the current national standard
Code for the Design of Fire Alarm Systems
.
9.5
Leakage fire alarm system
9.5.1
High-rise buildings with high fire danger, crowded places should be set up leakage fire alarm system.
9.5.2
Electric leakage fire alarm system should have the following functions:
9.5.2.1
Detection of leakage current, overcurrent signals, sound and light signals to alarm, accurately report the address of the fault line, and monitor
the change of the fault point.
9.5.2.2
Store all kinds of faults and operation test signals, signal storage time should not be less than
12
months.
9.5.2.3
Cut off the power supply on the leakage line and display its status.
9.5.2.4
Displays the status of the system power supply.