Seeking advice on what types of sensing devices exist in the market today?

By Technology Ultrasonic Sensors - Temperature Sensors - Humidity Sensors - Gas Sensors - Gas Alarms - Pressure Sensors - Acceleration Sensors - Ultraviolet Sensors - Magnetic Sensors - Magnetoresistive Sensors - Image Sensors - Electricity Sensors - Displacement Sensors Sensors By Application Pressure Sensors - Temperature and Humidity Sensors - Temperature Sensors - Flow Sensors - Liquid Level Sensors - Ultrasonic Sensors - Submergence Sensors - Illumination Sensors - Differential Pressure Transmitters - Acceleration Sensors - Displacement Sensors - Weighing Sensors Electronic Sensors IR Proximity/Ranging Sensors Line Track Sensors Ultrasonic Distance Detection Radiometric Distance Measurement Indoor Positioning Systems Crash Sensor Emergency/Protection Ribbon Switches Flexure Sensors Pressure Sensors Temperature & Humidity Sensors Surface Temperature Sensor Digital Electronic Compass (Direction) GPS Satellite Positioning Module Counting & PWM Generator Gyroscope & Accelerometer Tilt & Orientation Gauge Piezo Piezoelectric Vibration Sensor RFID Reader Module PIR Object Motion Detection TSL230 Light To Frequency Hall Effect Sensor Gas Detectors Edit this section Individual Introduction Temperature Sensors Temperature sensors are generally electronic components that convert temperature into electronic data. Temperature sensors are made using an electrical conductor whose resistance varies with temperature. The most commonly used is an element that uses platinum and has a resistance of 100 ohms at 0°C (Pt100) Semiconductor temperature sensors generally incorporate amplification and adjustment circuits Crystal oscillators have an oscillation frequency that varies with temperature and therefore can measure temperature very accurately Thermocouples that use the thermoelectric effect to measure temperature Surface charge densities of coke-electric substances vary with temperature, and therefore the strength of their surface charges can be used to measure the Temperature Pressure Sensors Pressure sensors are sensors used to measure the pressure of liquids and gases. Like other sensors, pressure sensors operate by converting pressure into an electrical signal output. Pressure sensors Pressure sensors are widely used in many monitoring and control applications. In addition to direct pressure measurement, pressure sensors can also be used to indirectly measure other quantities such as liquid/gas flow, velocity, water surface height or altitude. Pressure sensors vary greatly in terms of technology used, design, performance, operating conditions and price. Conservative estimates suggest that there are more than 50 technologies of pressure sensors and at least 300 companies producing pressure sensors worldwide. At the same time, there is a class of pressure sensors designed to dynamically measure high speed changes in pressure. Example applications are combustion pressure in engine cylinders or pressure monitoring of gases in turbine engines. Such sensors are generally manufactured from piezoelectric materials, such as quartz. Some pressure sensors, such as those used in traffic actuator cameras, operate in a binary manner, i.e., when the pressure reaches a certain value, the sensor controls the switching on or off of a circuit; this type of pressure sensor is also known as a pressure switch. Image Sensor An image sensor is a device that converts a visual image into an electronic signal, mainly used in digital cameras and other imaging devices. Generally consists of a group of CCD or CMOS sensors (such as active pixel sensors). Image sensor Color image sensor, according to its color resolution can be divided into the following categories: Bayer (Bayer) sensor, an inexpensive and the most common image sensor, the use of Bayesian filter makes different pixel points only on the red, blue, and green primary colors of light in one of the light, these pixel points intertwined, and then through the demosaicing interpolation to restore the original image. Foveon X3 sensor, used in some Sigma and Polaroid digital cameras. It has triple sensors for each pixel point and can be sensitive to all colors. 3CCD Sensor, as used in some Panasonic digital cameras, splits light through a dual-color prism and employs three separate CCD sensors, which are generally considered to have the best image reproduction quality but are more expensive. Hall Effect Sensor A Hall effect sensor, also known as a Hall sensor, is a transducer that converts a changing magnetic field into a change in output voltage. Hall sensors are first and foremost used to measure magnetic fields, and in addition can be utilized to measure physical quantities that generate and affect magnetic fields, for example, being used in proximity switches [2], Hall multipliers, position measurement, rotational speed measurement, and current measurement devices. In its simplest form, the sensor acts as an analog transducer that returns a voltage directly. Its distance from the Hall disk can be set at a known magnetic field. Using multiple transducers, the relevant position of the magnet can be deduced. Hall effect sensors A current through a conductor produces a magnetic field that varies with the current, and Hall effect sensors can measure the current without disturbing it. Typically, they are integrated with a winding core or permanent magnet next to the conductor under test. Often, Hall effect sensors are connected to a circuit that allows the device to be operated in a digital (on/off) mode, in which case it can be referred to as a switch [5]. Commonly found in industry, such as cylinders, they are also used in everyday devices; e.g. some printers use them to monitor for missing paper and open lids. They are also used in keyboards when high reliability is required. Hall effect sensors are often used to measure the speed of wheels and axles, e.g. in the ignition timing (timing) of internal combustion engines or in tachometers. Its use in brushless DC motors is used to detect the position of permanent magnets. The wheel in the illustration, with two equally spaced magnets, will have a voltage on the sensor that peaks twice in one cycle. This setting is often used to calibrate the rate of the disk drive. Edit System Classification Tilt Sensor Tilt sensors are widely used in military, aerospace, industrial automation, engineering machinery, railroad locomotives, consumer electronics, marine vessels and other fields. Pfizer provides domestic users with the world's most comprehensive and professional product solutions and services. We provide more than 500 kinds of servo type, electrolyte type, capacitor type, inductor type, fiber optic type and other principles of inclination sensors. Acceleration sensors (linear and angular acceleration) are divided into low-frequency high-precision force-balance servo type, low-frequency low-cost thermal convection type, and mid- to high-frequency capacitive acceleration displacement sensors. The total frequency response ranges from DC to 3000 Hz. Applications include automotive motion control, automotive testing, home appliances, gaming products, office automation, GPS, PDAs, cellular phones, vibration testing, construction equipment, and laboratory equipment. Infrared Temperature Sensors Widely used in household appliances (microwave ovens, air conditioners, hoods, hair dryers, toasters, induction cookers, frying pans, heaters, etc.), medical/home thermometers, office automation, portable non-contact infrared temperature sensors, industrial field temperature measurement instruments, and power automation. We not only provide sensors, modules or complete temperature measurement instruments, but also provide package solutions including optical lenses, ASICs, algorithms, etc. according to users' needs. Edit Application Areas Applications of Sensors The application areas of sensors involve machinery manufacturing, industrial process control, automotive electronics, communication electronics, consumer electronics, and specialized equipment. ① Special-purpose equipment Special-purpose equipment mainly includes specialized electronic equipment applied in the fields of medical care, environmental protection, and meteorology. Currently, the medical field is an emerging market with huge sales volume of inductors and considerable profits, and this field requires inductive devices to develop in the direction of miniaturization, low cost and high reliability. ② Industrial automation Industrial applications such as process control, industrial machinery, as well as traditional inductors; a variety of measurement of process variables (such as temperature, level, pressure, flow, etc.); measurement of electronic characteristics (current, voltage, etc.) and physical quantities (motion, speed, load, as well as strength), as well as the traditional proximity/location of sensors is developing rapidly. ③ Communication electronics The significant growth in cellular phone production and the increasing number of new cellular phone features have brought opportunities and challenges to the sensor market, and the rising market share of color-screen cellular phones and camera phones has increased the proportion of sensors used in this field. In addition, ultrasonic sensors for group and cordless phones and magnetic field sensors for magnetic storage media will see strong growth. ⑤ Automobile industry The key to the level of electronic control system of modern high-class sedan lies in the number and level of pressure sensors adopted. At present, dozens to nearly one hundred sensors are installed in an ordinary family sedan, while the number of sensors in a luxury sedan can be as many as more than two hundred, and the number of types is usually up to more than 30 or up to one hundred. Edit this section of the principle of structure in a special flexible shaft pasted on the special torque should be measured and composed of variable bridge, that is, the basic torque inductor; in the shaft is fixed: (1) energy toroidal transformer secondary coil, (2) signal toroidal transformer primary coil, (3) the shaft on the printed circuit board, the circuit board contains a rectifier stabilizes the power supply, instrumentation amplifier circuits, V / F converter circuits and signal output circuits. Fixed to the housing of the inductor are: (1) the excitation circuit, (2) the primary coil (input) of the energy toroidal transformer, (3) the secondary coil (output) of the signaling toroidal transformer, and (4) the signal-processing circuitry Inductors convert one form of energy into another. There are two types: active and passive. Active inductors can convert one form of energy directly into another without the need for an external energy source or excitation source. Passive inductors do not convert forms of energy directly, but they can control energy or excitation from another input. The inductor undertakes the task of converting a particular characteristic of an object or process into a quantity. The "object" can be a solid, liquid or gas, and their state can be static or dynamic (i.e., process). The properties of the objects can be detected in a number of ways after they have been converted and quantified. The properties of the object can be physical or chemical in nature. According to its operating principle, it converts the object characteristic or state parameter into a measurable electrical quantity, and then separates this electrical signal and sends it to the sensor system for evaluation or labeling. Edit this section of the working process to provide ± 15V power supply to the inductor, excitation circuit in the crystal oscillator generates 400Hz square wave, through the TDA2030 power amplifier that is generated by the AC excitation power supply, through the energy toroidal transformer T1 from the stationary primary coil to the secondary coil of the rotating, the AC power obtained through the rectifier and filtering circuit on the shaft to get ± 5V DC power supply, the power to do the operational amplifier AD850 to do the operation amplifier. power supply to do operational amplifier AD822's work power supply; from the reference power supply AD589 and dual operational amplifier AD822 composed of high-precision voltage regulator power supply to produce ± 4.5V precision DC power supply, the power supply both as a bridge power supply, but also as an amplifier and V / F converter's work power supply. When the elastic shaft is subjected to torsion, the strain bridge detected by the mV level of strain signals through the instrumentation amplifier AD620 amplified into 1.5v ± 1v strong signal, and then through the V / F converter LM131 converted into a frequency signal, through the signal toroidal transformer T2 from the rotating primary coil to the stationary secondary coil, and then through the shell of the signal processing circuit filtering, shaping can be obtained with the elastic bearings by the The torque is proportional to the frequency signal, the signal is TTL level, can be provided to the special secondary instrument or frequency meter display can also be sent directly to the computer processing. As the rotary transformer dynamic - static ring only a few millimeters of clearance between the zero point, coupled with the inductor shaft part are sealed in the metal shell, the formation of an effective shielding, and therefore has a strong anti-interference ability. Edit this paragraph development process Automatic control system can according to the human design, in the case of human not involved in the completion of certain tasks. The key lies in the introduction of feedback, feedback is actually the output or state of the system, added to the input of the system with the input of the system *** with the role of the system. The output states of the system are actually various physical quantities, some of them are voltages, some of them are flows, velocities etc. These quantities are often different in nature from the inputs to the system, and take a different range of values. So they cannot be directly combined with the inputs, but need to be measured and transformed. Sensors play precisely this role, it is like the eyes and skin of the control system, sensing the various changes in the control system, with the other parts of the system *** with the completion of the control task. In order to obtain information from the outside world, human beings must use their sense organs. But the human sensory organs are not omnipotent, to obtain richer information, further study of natural phenomena and the manufacture of labor tools, the human senses appear to be very insufficient. As a tool to replace the human senses, the history of the sensor is older than the emergence of modern science. The balance as a tool for weight measurement was used in ancient Egypt and has been used until now. Temperature measurements utilizing the expansion properties of liquids have been around since the sixteenth century. Inductors based on the basic principles of electricity were created on the basis of recent developments in electromagnetism, but as the reliability of active components such as vacuum tubes and semiconductors improved, this type of inductor has developed rapidly, and nowadays most of the talk about inductors refers to devices that have an electrical signal output.