2. steering axle, drive axle, steering drive axle
3. camber angle front beam main pin back angle camber angle inboard
4. driveline, driving system, steering system
Multiple choice questions
1. A
Short Answer
1.The uneven road surface in the operation of the car produces jumping, load changes or the bit difference between the two assembly installations, etc., will make the transmission output shaft and the drive axle main gearbox input shaft between the angle and distance change, so in the rear drive car universal joint transmission form are used double universal joints, that is, each end of the driveshaft has a universal joint, whose role is to make the transmission shaft ends of the angle and distance change. Its role is to make the transmission shaft at both ends of the angle is equal, to ensure that the output shaft and the instantaneous angular velocity of the shaft into the shaft is always equal.
2. Differentials in modern automobiles are usually divided into two categories: gear-type differentials and anti-slip differentials according to their operating characteristics.
Gear differential: When there is a speed difference between the left and right drive wheels, the torque allocated by the differential to the slow-running drive wheel is greater than the torque of the fast-running drive wheel. This differential torque equalization characteristic can satisfy the normal driving of the car on a good road surface. However, when the car is traveling on a bad road, the passing ability is seriously affected. For example, when one of the car's drive wheels into the mud, although the other drive wheel in the good road surface, the car often can not move forward (commonly known as skidding). At this time in the mud on the driving wheel sliding in place, in the good road surface of the wheel is stationary. This is because in the mud on the road between the wheels and the road surface adhesion is small, the road surface can only be through this wheel on the half-shaft role of the smaller reaction torque, so the differential assigned to this wheel torque is also small, although the other drive wheel and the good road surface between the adhesion is larger, but due to the average distribution of torque characteristics, so that the drive wheel can only be divided into the sliding wheel with the amount of torque, so that the drive is not enough to overcome the resistance, the car can not go forward, the car is not known as skidding. The driving force is not enough to overcome the driving resistance, the car can not move forward, and the power is consumed in the slip wheel. At this time to increase the throttle not only can not make the car forward, but waste of fuel, accelerate wear and tear of machine parts, especially tire wear increased. The effective solution is to dig out the mud under the sliding drive wheel or pad dry soil, gravel, twigs, hay, etc. under this wheel.
Anti-skid differential: In order to improve the passing ability of the car on the bad road, some off-road vehicles and premium cars are equipped with anti-skid differential. Anti-skid differential is characterized by one side of the drive wheel in the bad road slip, can make most or even all of the torque to the drive wheel on the good road surface, in order to make full use of the drive wheel adhesion to generate enough driving force, so that the car starts or continues to drive smoothly.
3. Ensure that the crankshaft of the engine and the transmission device can be according to the driving needs of the transmission or cut off the engine power output; so that a smooth start; easy to shift gears and prevent overloading of the driveline.
4.
The four major advantages of ABS
1. Strengthen the control of the vehicle. ABS-equipped cars, drivers in the emergency braking process can still maintain a large degree of maneuverability, you can adjust the direction in a timely manner, in front of the obstacles or dangerous situations to make timely, necessary to avoid. The vehicle not equipped with ABS emergency braking is prone to side-slip, tail dumping and other accidents, so that the driver loses control of the vehicle, increasing the danger.
2. Reduce skidding. No ABS-equipped vehicles in the wet, smooth road emergency braking, wheel locking will occur after the vehicle on the road to maintain inertia continue to slide forward. ABS reduces the chance of wheel locking, so it also reduces the chance of skidding during braking.
3, effectively shorten the braking distance. In the emergency braking state, ABS can make the wheels in both rolling and dragging condition, the proportion of dragging accounted for about 20%, when the friction between the tires and the ground is the largest, that is, the so-called optimal braking point or area. Ordinary braking system can not do this.
4. Reduced tire wear. The use of ABS eliminates the possibility of flat spots forming on the surface of the tire from irreparable damage to the tire caused by a wheel that locks up during emergency braking. We will find that the long brake marks left on the road is not equipped with ABS vehicles, and equipped with ABS vehicles, only leave a slight brake marks, and is a small section of a small section, significantly reducing the degree of wear and tear on the tires and the ground.
Limitations: a good performance of the car anti-lock braking system, in the braking of the car wheel slip rate can be controlled in the 20% to 30% between the wheels in this state, can take into account the relative maximum longitudinal braking force and lateral grip, effectively ensure that the vehicle will not be out of control situation. However, ABS can only regulate the braking force of the car on the basis of adhesion, will not produce additional braking factors. And the actual road is actually very complex, such as: road adhesion coefficient imbalance, road curvature or road lateral slope, and even car tire pressure and other automobile's own reasons, there are many factors can make the car in the braking side-slip movement tendency, these factors are not the ABS itself can overcome.
5. Radial tires is the tire's internal cord fabric weaving arrangement direction and tread centerline into a 90-degree angle, similar to the globe on the meridian and named. Generally this tire tire top plus steel wire layer, can withstand greater internal pressure stress, tread is not easy to deformation, with good ground grip and stability, suitable for high-speed driving. Radial tires and ordinary bias tires, compared with a large elasticity, wear resistance, can make the tire service life increased by 30-50%, rolling resistance is small, can reduce automobile fuel consumption of 8% or so, good adhesion performance, good buffer performance, bearing capacity, not easy to puncture and other advantages.
6.
185: tread width (mm)
70: flat ratio (tire height ÷ tire width)
R: radial structure
14: rim diameter (inch)
86: load index (indicates that the corresponding maximum load of 530 kg)
H: speed code (indicates that the maximum safe). top speed is 210 km/h)
7. The free travel of the brake pedal is the travel between the position of the pedal when no pedal is pressed and the position of the pedal when pressure starts to be felt when the pedal is pressed (the beginning of the effective brake travel).
The free travel is too large, indicating that the clearance is too large, the effective travel is small, it is possible that the brakes are not complete, can not kill.
The free travel is too small, there is a possibility of dragging the brakes, increasing fuel consumption, bad dynamics Burning out the brake pads Causing the danger of brake thermal decay.
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