1. The advantages of multilayer spiral CT do not include:
A. Fast scanning speed
B. High utilization of X-rays
C. Reduced image quality
D. Reduced X-ray dose
E. More accurate localization
2. Regarding the development of CT, the correct account is:
A. 1985 The first spiral scanning modality appeared in 1992
B. Double-slice spiral CT was introduced in 1992
C. Slip ring technology was used in CT machines in 1989
D. 320-slice CT was introduced in 2005
E. The first dual-source CT was introduced in 2003
3. The following sequence of the echo-intensity of the different tissues of the human body is The correct one is:
A. Renal central region (renal sinusoids) > pancreas > liver and spleen parenchyma > renal cortex > renal medulla (renal cones) > blood > bile and urine
B. Renal central region (renal sinusoids) > renal cortex > pancreas > liver and spleen parenchyma > renal medulla (renal cones) > blood > blood > blood > blood > blood > blood > blood and urine
C. Renal central region (renal sinusoids) > renal cortex > pancreas > liver and spleen parenchyma > renal medulla (renal cones) > blood > blood and urine
D. The first dual-source CT was introduced in 2003. gt; bile and urine
C. Renal central zone (renal sinusoids) > pancreas > renal cortex > liver and splenic parenchyma > renal medulla (renal cones) > bile and urine > blood
D. Renal central zone (renal sinusoids) > pancreas > renal medulla (renal cones) > liver and splenic parenchyma > renal cortex >. Blood> bile and urine
4. Regarding the advantages of ultrasound, it is not correct that:
A. It is non-invasive, painless, and free from the effects of ionizing radiation
B. It shows in real time, and it can make dynamic imaging of active interfaces
C. It has a good ability to show some small lesions
D. It can make observations of organ structure, but D. It can observe the structure of organs, but cannot judge the function of organs
5. Regarding the standard views commonly used in echocardiography, the following statements are correct:
A. Parasternal left ventricular long-axis view: the probe is placed in the 3rd intercostal space at the left edge of the sternum, pointing to the right sternoclavicular joint, which can clearly show the right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrium, interventricular septum, aorta, aortic valve, and mitral valve
B. Short-axis view of the great arteries The direction of the probe is perpendicular to the long axis of the left ventricle next to the sternum, which can show the aortic valve, left atrium, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, and trunk of the pulmonary artery
C. Horizontal short-axis view of the mitral valve: the probe is placed at the left edge of the sternum at the 3rd and 4th intercostal space, and it can see the right ventricular cavity, the ventricular septum, and the mitral valve orifice
D. All of the above
6. Concerning ultrasound manifestations of atrial septal defects, the The following statements are incorrect:
A. Secondary foramen ovale atrial septal defects can be classified into central, superior, inferior, and mixed types according to the location of the defect
B. Two-dimensional ultrasound shows that the diameter of the right atrium and the right ventricle is enlarged
C. Color Doppler shows that the defect is large and the shunt beam is wide, while the defect is small and the shunt beam is narrow
D. Atrial septal defects can be classified into Primary foramen ovale and secondary foramen ovale, with the primary foramen ovale being the most common type
Reference Answer and Explanation
1. Reference Answer C. Explanation: Advantages of multilayer helical CT: (1) Increased scanning speed at the same layer thickness; (2) Increased efficiency of detection, improving the utilization rate of the X-rays; (3) Improved quality of CT images; (4) Improved quality of post-processing; (5) Improved quality of image processing; (6) Improved quality of image processing; (7) Improved quality of image post-processing; and (8) Improved quality of image post-processing. post-processing quality is improved; (5) X-ray dose is reduced in the same layer thickness; (6) CT localization is more accurate.
2. Reference answer A. Analysis: (1) In 1983, the fifth generation of CT was developed. (2) In 1985, slip ring technology was applied to CT. (3) In 1989, spiral scanning was introduced. (4)1992 Double-layer spiral CT was introduced. (5)4-slice spiral CT was introduced in 1998.(6)16-slice spiral CT was developed in 2001. (7)2003 64-slice CT was first released at the annual meeting of Radiology North America. (8)Dual-source CT was introduced in 2005.(9)320-slice CT was introduced in 2007.
3. Reference answer A. Analysis: This question is about the order of echo intensity in different tissues of the body. The correct order is renal central region (renal sinusoids) > pancreas > liver and spleen parenchyma > renal cortex > renal medulla (renal cones) > blood > bile and urine. Therefore, the answer is A.
4. Reference Answer D. Analysis: This question is about the advantages of ultrasound. The advantages of ultrasound are as follows: (1) non-invasive, painless, without the influence of ionizing radiation, is currently the most commonly used method of diagnostic imaging; (2) real-time display, the activity of the interface can be a dynamic imaging; (3) can provide both anatomical and structural morphology of the lesion tissues, but also reflect the changes in hemodynamics. Can obtain multi-directional cross-sectional images; (4) qualitative and localization diagnostic compliance rate gradually improved, part of the high specificity. (5) Good display ability for some small lesions. No need to use contrast agent, can play the function of canalography; (6) organ function judgment, such as cardiac function, gallbladder contraction function, etc.. The results can be obtained in time and can be followed up for many times. So it can make judgment on organ function such as heart function and gallbladder contraction.
5. There are five common views: (1) left ventricular parasternal long-axis view: the probe is placed in the third intercostal space at the left edge of the sternum, pointing to the right sternoclavicular joint, which can clearly show the right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrium, interventricular septum, the aorta, the aortic valve, the mitral valve; (2) short-axis view of the great arteries: the direction of the probe is perpendicular to the parasternal left ventricular long-axis view, which can show the aortic valve, the left ventricle, the right atrium, the tricuspid valve, the right ventricle, pulmonary valves, the pulmonary arteries The aortic valve, left atrium, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery trunk; (3) mitral horizontal short-axis view: the probe is placed in the 3rd and 4th intercostal space at the left edge of the sternum, and the right ventricular cavity, septum and mitral orifice can be seen; (4) apical four-chamber view: the probe is placed at the apical pulsation pointing towards the sternoclavicular joint, and the left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle, septum and interventricular septum can be seen; (5) subxiphoid four-chamber view: the probe is placed under the xiphoid process, and the coronal plane is taken, with the beam tilted upward. The structure seen is the same as the apical four-chamber view, because the sound beam is close to perpendicular to the atrial septum in this view, it is not easy to appear echo loss artifacts, and it is an ideal view for the diagnosis of atrial septal defects. Therefore, the descriptions of A, B, and C are correct.
6. Atrial septal defects are categorized as primary or secondary foramen ovale, with secondary foramen ovale being the most common. Secondary foramen ovale atrial septal defects are further categorized as central, supratentorial, infratentorial, and mixed. According to the hemodynamic analysis of atrial septal defects, it can be seen that in atrial septal defects, part of the blood in the left atrium will flow into the right atrium, so the right atrium will become bigger due to the increase of blood, and then it will flow into the right ventricle, which will lead to the enlargement of right ventricle, so the right atrium and ventricle diameters can be seen to be enlarged by two-dimensional ultrasound. Color Doppler is used to see the direction of the blood, which appears red toward the probe and blue away from it. With a left-to-right shunt, color Doppler can show red blood flow across the atrial septal defect, reaching from the left atrium to the right atrium, right up to the tricuspid valve orifice. The width of the shunt bundle depends on the size of the septal defect. If the defect is large, the shunt bundle is wide; if the defect is small, the shunt bundle is narrow. The answer is D.