Entrepreneurial policies in the eyes of eight college entrepreneurs
The entrepreneurial youth knows best whether the support policies are good or not.
In Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shandong and other places to visit a number of entrepreneurial college students, listening to their entrepreneurial voice. The young entrepreneurs reflected that although the central and local emphasis on entrepreneurship and support efforts continue to increase, but some local support policies there are "heavy two light in the middle", "heavy hardware light team" and other phenomena, some of the support funding "The financial and labor costs of entrepreneurial enterprises have been rising.
These extremely entrepreneurial college students called for the hope that all parts of the world can further optimize the entrepreneurial environment, reduce the threshold of entrepreneurship, prompting more college students to participate in entrepreneurship, successful entrepreneurship, to the economy injected vitality, drive more employment.
The support policy "heavy two light in the middle"
Miao graduated from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics in 2009, and then entered the COMAC engaged in engineering maintenance. 2013, has been holding the idea of entrepreneurship Miao and a few college students together
Over the past 2 years, the company has obtained the European Union CE and ROSH environmental protection two international certificates, entered the industry threshold higher medical information technology and equipment field. At present, the company's cooperative agents throughout Jiangsu, Shandong, Beijing and other more than ten provinces and cities, last year's sales of nearly 10 million yuan.
"At present, the state and local increasingly emphasize college students' entrepreneurship, all kinds of support policies are quite a lot, but overall there is a 'heavy two ends light middle' phenomenon." In the view of this 30-year-old entrepreneur, in the incubation stage of college students' entrepreneurship, there are many local and university support policies, such as the provision of thousands to tens of thousands of start-up capital, free office space and so on.
"Once the entrepreneurial project grows and develops, the local and banks are more optimistic, and the policies come and the funds come." Miao can say, "but the enterprise just started to develop this intermediate stage is the most difficult, sales orders come one after another, the working capital of the strange lack of. At this time, due to the lack of collateral, and it is difficult to obtain bank loans."
"The success rate of college students' entrepreneurship from 0 to 1 is relatively high, but from 1 to 10 is very difficult and the success rate is extremely low." Like many entrepreneurial college students, Wang Mingyu, a graduate of Shandong Zaozhuang College, chose e-commerce to start a business. At present, the company operates a number of Taobao and Tmall stores for pet clothing and children's skin care products, and the sales network is spreading rapidly.
Wang Mingyu said, the development of the company needs a lot of money and talent, the team also contacted a lot of social capital, but most of the venture capital funds are willing to "icing on the cake", rarely "snow in the charcoal". "Moreover, many funds are too demanding on equity, which makes many entrepreneurs stay away from them."
Some entrepreneurial college students reflect that the current support policy "heavy hardware light team", built a lot of entrepreneurial building, but really let the entrepreneurial team to benefit from the enhancement of not much.
Jiangsu "90" Meng Ideal last year, after graduating from college, founded his own wall painting mural studio. Half a year down the line, the studio has recruited nine schoolmates, sales reached more than 200,000 yuan.
Meng Ideal said, the studio development of the biggest bottleneck, one is to expand the market, the second is to attract professionals. But the reality of the dilemma is that small and micro-enterprises are difficult to retain talent, some employees tend to jump ship to large companies after accumulating experience. At present, most of the support policies for college students to start their own businesses are focused on "hardware", such as free rent, but the staff training, social security subsidies and other "software" support is still relatively weak.
The weakness of the protection of patented products also restricts the development of some very creative entrepreneurial projects for college students. Guangdong Post and Telecommunications Vocational College of Business Administration major junior Zou Tianlang, and several students specializing in the design and development of erotic supplies. They are looking for manufacturers on the network, their own design full of creative new products, and soon hit the brand, won the development of space.
"But the hot new products are quickly copied by others, watching their own creative plagiarism but can not do anything." Zou Tianlang said that the current domestic intellectual property protection is too feeble. Having just started their business, they don't even have the time to apply for registration, and they simply don't have the energy to get entangled in legal proceedings. Therefore, these young entrepreneurs can only spend more energy on new product development, and plagiarizers "fight speed".
Microcredit "hanging on the wall is difficult to implement"
Graduated from Jiangsu Changzhou Information Vocational College of Lu Yuanming, his hometown in Lianyungang Ganyu. The local willow weaving industry is well developed, but mostly relying on foreign trade companies to sell abroad, folks only earn to the handmade fee.
In December 2013, he saw that the domestic market for willow weaving was in a void, he registered to set up Changzhou in the sea side of the e-commerce company, through the "e-commerce + farmers" mode to drive the folks to get rich. Last year, the company's sales amounted to more than 100 million yuan.
Talking about the experience of applying for entrepreneurial subsidies, the students in the eyes of the "willow brother" straight shake his head. 2014 May, June, Lu Yuanming and entrepreneurial partners to go to the District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau to apply for a one-time entrepreneurial subsidy of 2,000 yuan, before and after more than a week of work, ran back and forth five times, but due to the "my household registration in the field", ultimately did not get this subsidy. "Need local household registration, to cover a dozen official stamps, apply for business subsidies how so troublesome?" He said.
In addition to the harsh application conditions, the procedures are troublesome, some preferential policies do not meet the actual situation, the ordinary entrepreneurial college students are also difficult to enjoy.
After graduating from Harbin, Harbin boy Zhao Yufu, and his partner founded an international trade company, production and sales of high-performance advertising and exhibition equipment. The 26-year-old young entrepreneurs said that a national preferential policy for college students to start the enterprise staff social security "pay first and then make up", but the basic condition is that employees must pay social security for more than a year. However, most of the college students are small and micro-enterprises, staff mobility is very high, it is difficult to enjoy this preferential policy.
At present, the cost of social security continues to increase, has accounted for 1/4 of the employee's salary, or even 1/3. "We are now in a dilemma, do not pay social security to employees, the law does not allow, and will exacerbate the loss of employees; if the payment of social security, the cost of year after year, and the preferential policies can not be enjoyed." Zhao Yu Ful said.
In the interview, a number of college students reflected that although many places have introduced preferential policies for entrepreneurial loans, but the actual operation of the implementation of the difficult.
Jiangsu Huazhou Art Design Co., Ltd. responsible for Wang Hui registered an advertising company during the university, four or five years, the company's sales exceeded 10 million, but also led to the employment of more than 30 college students. However, in the most difficult time of entrepreneurship, Wang Hui and four business partners a week's food costs only 50 yuan, can only eat pancakes.
"College students encounter a lot of difficulties in entrepreneurship, the lack of funds is the most common situation." Wang Hui said, some of the `small preferential loans for college students to start a business "looks good". But once in the operation of the link, the bank always requires the provision of appropriate collateral, which is exactly what most of the college students lack of entrepreneurial enterprises.
How to solve the shortage of funds? Wang Hui to the reporter revealed the entrepreneurial college students "trick": in different banks to do more than one credit card, can be resolved every month a few thousand to tens of thousands of liquidity. "I did in a number of banks in the amount of 80,000 ~ 150,000 credit cards, through the credit card rotation, monthly to solve more than 100,000 liquidity." Said this, Wang Hui is also quite helpless.
Policy funding should be more effective
A number of young entrepreneurs believe that the types of college students entrepreneurship, different projects, different stages of development needs are also different, the relevant departments can not be a simple wave of the development of supportive policies, and should be categorized policy, to enhance the efficiency of the use of funds and policies.
For example, different types of entrepreneurial projects support funds should be differentiated. Miao can say, the same 100,000 support funds, for a college student to open a store, may have been more. But for an entrepreneurial college student engaged in equipment manufacturing, it may just be a drop in the bucket. Usually, the heavy assets type of entrepreneurship on the demand for capital is much greater than the light assets type of entrepreneurship, it is recommended that the relevant departments in the support of funds to heavy assets entrepreneurial projects tilt.
In response to the general lack of funding for college students, Wang Mingyu and many others suggested that a financing platform could be set up to provide credit guarantees based on scientific evaluations to help ease the financial pressure on college students.
Again, the support policies for different stages of development and different types of entrepreneurial projects should be focused. Zou Tianlang, Wang Hui and others believe that creative entrepreneurship, such as cell phone APP, start faster, but the promotion stage is facing the pressure of capital, channels, etc., while e-commerce and other entrepreneurial projects on innovative marketing models, intellectual property rights protection and other aspects of the requirements of the higher, so the support policy should be focused.
Moreover, the needs of college students at different stages of incubation, startup, and development are not the same, and local governments should also strengthen the construction of entrepreneurial mentor teams to provide more detailed and specific guidance to entrepreneurial teams, and help them to make fewer mistakes and less detours.
High financial and labor costs have become a bottleneck for college students. Changzhou Fortean International Trade Co., Ltd. general manager, "90" college students Wang Jian said, the country has a relevant export tax rebate policy, but if you want to apply for an export tax rebate, not only to buy a set of 5800 yuan of fiscal equipment, but also to pay more than 1,000 yuan a year of service costs, the burden is very heavy.
Because of the lack of understanding of tax policy, Wang Jian's company was penalized a few hundred dollars in taxes last year. "For college students' entrepreneurial projects like ours, which are in the beginning of the growth period, can the amount of national tax cuts be relaxed a little more?" He said.
Focus on helping entrepreneurial projects with high technological content and good market prospects, and amplify the entrepreneurial demonstration-led effect. A number of entrepreneurial college students believe that a college student founded the company listed, its demonstration driven effect is much greater than 10 or even 100 entrepreneurial projects. However, the current support funds there is a "pepper spray" phenomenon, rather than 10 general project support to 10%, rather than a quality project support to 100%.
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