The year 2020, which we had been looking forward to with great anticipation, has drawn to a close under such a special atmosphere. As a media person who usually lives in Wuhan, seeing such a huge city with a population of more than 10 million people being taken down by an epidemic in the blink of an eye was still a big shock to me.
On the 23rd, I was returning from Europe and had to change my visa to return to Xiamen to a relative's house because Wuhan was closed when I stopped in Beijing. After being quarantined for observation and going through layers of audits and applications, I went to the Xiamen factory of Golden Dragon Bus, where 60 negative-pressure ambulances were about to be shipped to the front line in Wuhan, and we took this rare opportunity to introduce to you what's so different about this anti-epidemic special medical equipment.
I? , why the need for negative pressure ambulances
New Coronavirus Pneumonia, abbreviated as NCP (Novel?Coronavirus?Pneumonia), refers to the acute respiratory infectious disease caused by 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection. The novel coronavirus is extremely contagious, with 72,530 confirmed infections and 1,870 unfortunate deaths as of the date of publication.
Neocoronavirus pneumonia is mainly transmitted through direct transmission and contact, and in the "Diagnostic and Treatment Plan for Pneumonia Infected by Novel Coronavirus (Trial Fifth Edition)," released by the National Health and Wellness Commission (NHSC) on Feb. 5, 2020, it was the first time that aerosol transmission and gastrointestinal tract transmission were also listed as possible routes of transmission that needed to be identified.
While the route of aerosol transmission remains to be clarified, there is a risk of air-mediated leakage of the new coronavirus pneumonia. In the admission and transfer of NCP patients, ordinary ambulances are not up to the task. So we need to use special protective ambulances in special times? --? Negative pressure ambulance.
Two? Negative pressure ambulance and ordinary ambulance difference
Negative pressure ambulance can effectively isolate the infected, in 2003 SARS epidemic has appeared, and the main realization of the three functions:
Prevent infectious disease leakage outside the car, resulting in the secondary transmission Protect the car medical and accompanying personnel, from patients infected Basic medical ambulance1. Prevent infectious disease leakage outside the vehicle
In the negative pressure ambulance, equipped with negative pressure equipment can make the air pressure inside the vehicle is lower than the outside air pressure, so that fresh air can only flow from the outside of the vehicle to the vehicle, so that the gas mixed with viruses do not leak out through the gaps in the vehicle, all through the pumping equipment and its connected filtering, disinfection devices for harmless treatment before being discharged to the outside of the vehicle.
2. Protecting medical personnel inside the vehicle
Protecting the driver
Compared with an ordinary ambulance, the isolation and sealing of the medical compartment on the negative-pressure ambulance is a very critical design. The soundproof wall of the medical compartment is seamlessly welded to the body with sealant to make the medical compartment completely independent from the front cockpit to protect the driver.
Protection of medical personnel
The air flow inside the negative-pressure ambulance is specially designed so that the clean air enters the vehicle from above the medical compartment and exits from below; the upper airflow moves from front to back, and the lower airflow moves from back to front to form a directional airflow from the clean area (medical personnel area) to the infectious source area (patient area). Directional airflow will be extracted from the purification after one cycle, avoiding pollutants to stay in the car.
Negative pressure isolation chamber
In addition to the special design of the ambulance body, the medical vehicle can also be equipped with an optional negative pressure isolation chamber. The isolation cabin adds sealing and negative pressure devices on top of the stretcher, similar to an isolated mobile ward, allowing patients to be isolated from where they are found, further improving the safety of medical staff.
The virus aerosol produced by the patient in the negative-pressure isolation chamber will likewise not leak outward, and the patient can be supplied with medical oxygen, and healthcare workers can also observe the patient's vital signs from outside the chamber, preventing cross-infection while ensuring emergency care.
What factors affect purification performance? (Performance)
①? Filter permeability
The effectiveness of biocidal filters is directly proportional to their permeability, and their performance varies under different conditions of use.
Stretcher-type isolation compartments have a filtration efficiency of >99.99% for aerosols with 0.3μm particles. Ambulance medical compartments The national standard requires that medical compartments filter more than 99.97% of germs. (The evaluation of the Goldwell negative pressure ambulance filtration efficiency of 99.99% or more)②? Exhaust air volume
In the isolation space, the hourly air volume and pollutant removal efficiency is directly proportional. When the air change volume is reduced, the pollutants can not be discharged in time, resulting in high concentration of pollutants, which can easily lead to infection of health care workers. The technical indexes of Kingway negative pressure ambulance are:
Stretcher-type isolation compartment Negative pressure of not less than 15Pa should be established within 2 minutes after startup; The air exchange volume is more than 75L/min, and the effective power supply time of the lithium battery is more than 2h; Noise is less than 72dB. Medical compartment of the ambulance The air exchange volume is 20 times per hour, and the value of the negative pressure is between -10Pa and -38Pa. 38Pa.③? Airtightness and flow field design
The top and partition wall of the medical cabin are made of polymer materials, which have good isolation, anticorrosion and bacteria resistance. As far as possible to improve the sealing effect, reduce the vehicle turbulence to improve the purification efficiency of the above equipment.
Negative pressure medical cabin using vector flow air supply form, the airflow between the air supply holes basically do not interfere with each other, so that the pollution particles are difficult to spread to the whole room. It together with the form of local exhaust air with strong sewage capacity, form a stable form of airflow organization, reducing the difficulty of sewage.
Maintenance
It should be noted that the virus filtration of the negative pressure ambulance is only a physical isolation method, bacteria, viruses are blocked on the surface of the high-efficiency filters, but can not kill. So the negative pressure ambulance should turn on the vehicle UV disinfection lamp and other disinfection means of linkage elimination after use.
3. Basic medical ambulance
The Golden Dragon XMQ5033XJH65 protective negative-pressure ambulance in this shooting is equipped with a 2.0L gasoline engine with 110 horsepower and 180Nm torque, and a 5-speed manual transmission. Empty vehicle weight 1.8 tons, full load 3 tons, nuclear load 7 people. It is a cost-effective, realistic negative pressure ambulance with high maturity and reliability that can meet the needs of isolation and protection, with an approximate selling price of about 285,000 dollars.
As a kind of enhanced protection type ambulance, the negative pressure ambulance also needs to have the basic function of the ordinary ambulance. The internal dimension of the medical cabin is 3240?x?1555?x?1600mm (length/width/height), and it is equipped with first-aid equipments such as automatic on-boarding design of ambulance stretcher, oxygen cylinders, exhaust fan, ultraviolet sterilizing lamp, intercom and other first-aid equipments. In addition to the specific needs of different hospitals and institutions, the vehicle can be retrofitted with, for example, defibrillators, ventilators, cardiac monitoring and other types of vital signs to maintain the necessary equipment, in addition to the transportation of patients can also be done on the way to rescue.
Three? The supply of negative-pressure ambulances
Because ordinary ambulances can cope with most common illnesses, most city ambulances do not have negative-pressure capabilities, and negative-pressure ambulances are a rare and specialized type of vehicle globally. In the state of the epidemic outbreak, major cities, especially Wuhan, the negative pressure ambulance reserves are insufficient.
At present, Golden Dragon Bus has received orders from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Fujian Provincial Health Commission for more than 100 ambulances, 60 of which will be sent to Wuhan to fight the epidemic. During the Spring Festival and the epidemic prevention period, Golden Dragon Bus, like many other enterprises, is facing challenges such as staff not being able to come to work normally, heavy responsibility of production and epidemic prevention, slowing down of supply from upstream suppliers, and slowing down of downstream shipment and transportation.
To this end, Golden Dragon Bus specially deployed employees from other departments to support overtime production of negative pressure ambulance, launched detailed health survey and monitoring of employees, and even changed some key equipments sent by logistics to manual pick-up, etc., so as to complete the production of anti-epidemic equipments as soon as possible. It is understood that, in the efforts of all parties, the first batch of negative pressure ambulances will be sent to Wuhan within three days after the shooting of the program as planned.
Conclusion
The negative-pressure ambulance is one of the powerful weapons in our fight against the new coronary pneumonia. From the special equipment specifically developed for the epidemic, to the efforts made by the manufacturing companies and all sectors of the community, we can see the wisdom of the Chinese people and their determination to fight the epidemic.
While we are in different places, each of us is living in the front line of the epidemic fight, as long as we can do less go out, wear masks, wash our hands diligently, and protect ourselves is the biggest contribution to the epidemic. Finally, we would like to express our high respect to the health care workers and civilian heroes from all walks of life who have made unremitting efforts to fight the epidemic. We believe that with everyone's efforts, we will soon be able to help Wuhan, China and the world overcome the epidemic!
This article comes from the authors of the automobile home car family number, does not represent the views of the automobile home position.