And in this process there are many state-owned enterprises and private enterprises to swap the identity of the case, such as the state-owned enterprises through the restructuring of the private enterprise, and some private enterprises by the state-owned enterprise acquisition or holding after the state-owned enterprises, so the current market has a lot of seemingly private enterprises, but in fact is the state-owned enterprises and a lot of cases.
In everyone's knowledge, state-owned enterprises should be in the word of the enterprise, such as China National Petroleum Corporation, China Petrochemical Corporation, China Mobile and so on, but there are a lot of state-owned enterprises do not have the word "in", so it is difficult to identify with the private sector, coupled with the fact that many state-owned enterprises are listed after the more decentralized shareholdings, resulting in a lot of people think that these state-owned enterprises are private enterprises, we are not sure if they have been acquired by the private sector. State-owned enterprises are private enterprises, we cite a few typical examples we know.
1, Ping An
Speaking of Ping An, many people feel that it is not at all like a state-owned enterprise, whether it is its business ideas or staff practices more like a private enterprise, and Ping An's equity did not refuse to controlling shareholders, the first and second largest shareholders' equity is not a big difference, the current Ping An single largest shareholder is the Shenzhen Investment Holding Company Limited, in addition to the central Huijin Asset holding 2.65%, equivalent to the state-owned enterprises holding 7.92%, from this point of view, in fact, Ping An belongs to the state-owned enterprises.
2, Dongfeng Group
Dongfeng the name does not sound much like a state-owned enterprise, and before the head of the Dongfeng often in a variety of occasions out of the limelight, not at all like the state-owned enterprise boss low-key look, so that led to a lot of people mistakenly think that the Dongfeng is a private enterprise, but in fact, the Dongfeng Group is a wholly-owned state-owned enterprise of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC).
3, ZTE
Speaking of ZTE Pass we may think of the same is to do communications equipment Huawei, and we all know that Huawei is a private enterprise, so many people have always thought that ZTE is also a private enterprise, in fact, is not. ZTE is led by the Ministry of Education in 1992, 36 key universities initiated the creation of a state-owned enterprise, but ZTE has a lot of private enterprise shareholding as well as personal shareholding.
4, the emerging interstate
Emerging interstate this company is estimated that many people have not heard of, so a lot of people thought it was some kind of unknown private enterprise, in fact, the emerging interstate is the People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department of the former Ministry of Production and under the jurisdiction of the munitions enterprises and public institutions reorganization and delinking from the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission supervision of the central enterprises.
There are many other similar examples, both famous and not so famous, and we won't list them all here. However, many state-owned development to today, the ability to basically choose to go public, after the listing of the shareholding structure is no longer a single state-owned holding is, but there will be a lot of shareholders, which are both state-owned enterprises to participate in the private sector to participate in the private sector, as well as individuals to participate in the shareholding of many state-owned enterprises are now state-owned holdings, rather than completely state-owned.
Huawei state-owned enterprises
Suddenly want to cue the recent popular Shanghai Disneyland, although not a state-owned enterprise, but ...... or look at the picture
Many of such enterprises it, such as Bright, Yili, the two Chinese dairy giants, as well as electrical appliances such as Konka, Changhong, Hisense, Haier and other companies. Nine out of 10 Chinese people probably think the above companies are private enterprises, but they are real state-owned enterprises, mainly local state-owned enterprises. Let's take a look at them one by one.
Bright
Bright Food has four shareholders, and all of them are controlled by the Shanghai State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC). Even the Shanghai Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) directly holds 9.42% of the shares of Bright Food. The other 3 shareholders - Shanghai Guosheng, Shanghai Urban Investment, Shanghai Jiushi are 100% controlled by the Shanghai State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission enterprises. In other words, Bright Food is 100% controlled by Shanghai SASAC, which is simply a wholly state-owned enterprise.
Yili
Yili Group ranks first in the global dairy industry and first in the Asian dairy industry for several years, and is China's largest dairy company with the most complete range of products. On first hearing its name, it's exactly like a private enterprise. But at heart it is a state-owned enterprise. Yili's largest shareholder is Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited, with a stake of nearly 15%, and the second largest shareholder is Hohhot Investment Company Limited, with a stake of about 9%.
Konka
Konka is a manufacturer of home appliances in China, located in Shenzhen. His largest single shareholder is OCT Group, holding about 22%. OCTG is a company with red roots about the company, and the State Council's State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) fully owns OCTG stock. In other words, Konka's actual major shareholder is the SASAC.
Hisense
Hisense is a Qingdao-based home appliance manufacturer best known for its TVs. Hisense Group Limited is 100% owned by the Qingdao State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC). Hisense Group controls nearly 40% of Qingdao Hisense Electrical Appliance Co. and is the majority shareholder. Hisense Group has many other subsidiaries and grandsons, but in the final analysis, they are all other enterprises of Qingdao State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission.
The name sounds like a private enterprise, in fact, there are many other enterprises in the city state-owned enterprises. After all, the state-owned economy in our country already accounted for a large proportion. Its value added should account for about 30 percent of GDP.
Nokia Bell Shanghai Ltd. is the least known of the SASAC-controlled enterprises
Before answering this question, it's important to clarify the definitions of a private enterprise and a state-owned enterprise. A state-owned enterprise is one in which the state has ownership or control of the capital of the enterprise, which is not difficult to understand. But as for private enterprises, there is still controversy in the academic community as to whether they are equivalent to private enterprises. As far as the general public's perception is concerned, a private enterprise is a private enterprise; it is recognized that as long as the enterprise does not have state capital, it belongs to a private enterprise.
In the past, SOEs were mainly concentrated in strategic industries and key areas, such as centralized enterprises, which were commonly named with the prefix "Zhong" or "Guo", and local SOEs, which were often named with the name of the province, which was relatively easy to identify; the confusion that often occurs is that those that are not named with the name of the region are often not named with the name of the province, which is relatively easy to recognize. What is often easily confused is those enterprises that do not have a regional name but are doing well, resulting in, as the title suggests, enterprises that are actually SOEs but look like private enterprises. These enterprises are mainly concentrated in the mass consumption industry, especially those that advertise heavily on TV media and whose leaders remain unchanged for a long period of time. To summarize, for example, the author's senses are as follows:
The automotive sector: Chery Automobile - owned by the Wuhu State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) in Anhui;
Brilliance Automobile - owned by the SASAC of the Liaoning provincial government;
Jianghuai Automobile - Hefei City SASAC holding;
Food sector: Yibao - the drinking water brand of the grandson of the central enterprise China Resources Group, the sister brand of snow beer.
Mengniu - yes, that's right, Mengniu Milk, which was a purely private company when it started, including when it got bigger, and after the melamine incident, centralized enterprise COFCO Group became the owner and changed into a state-owned enterprise; ironically, its main competitor, Yili, changed from a state-owned enterprise to a private one.
Bright Dairy - Shanghai Bright Food Group, which is controlled by Shanghai's State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC), also has brands that are familiar to the Chinese, such as Great White Rabbit Milk Candy;
Electrical Appliances: Konka - Though Konka hasn't been doing so well in the last couple of years, it's not a big deal, but it's a centralized company, OCT Group.
The real estate sector: Vanke - not "BaoWan dispute", it is estimated that we have always thought that Vanke is a private enterprise, Shenzhen Metro Group after the owner, is now the Shenzhen Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission Holdings;
The hotel sector : Jinjiang Star - the Shanghai Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the Jinjiang International chain of hotel brands;
Daily chemical industry: Long Qi - Guangzhou Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the daily chemical brand; authorized Guangzhou Light Industry and Trade Group management.
It should be said that there are still many such enterprises, especially after 08, benefited from the 4 trillion stimulus policy, the state-owned enterprises were able to enter the general competition industry, resulting in a number of private enterprises to adjust their strategies, either by choosing to marry with the state-owned enterprises, or the whole is absorbed by the state-owned capital. The public is often familiar with the brands that appear in the mass media, but pays little attention to private equity changes. With the advancement of mixed ownership reform, there will be many familiar private enterprises to become state-owned or mixed ownership companies, such as the two years of fame H&Q has recently introduced the Pingtan Innovation Equity Investment Company, which is intended to be transformed into a state-owned.
As 20 years ago, many state-owned enterprises became private enterprises, the ownership reform in order to give full play to the autonomy of enterprises, to improve their competitiveness. In addition to the mixed reform is a road that can be tried, the structure of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises should also be kept reasonable, the proportion is out of proportion will bring about an imbalance in the economy.
Poly Real Estate! Known Poly Group's side business is real estate, what is the main business? Arms 。。。。
I'll give you a little don't know Seven Days Department. The first is that the company is a member of the "C" group, and the second is that the company is a member of the "C" group. The first is the first group of travelers. The first time I've seen this, it's been a long time coming. See even fast hotels are state-owned enterprises
From the point of view of the shareholding structure, although the current Lenovo is a small number of high-level holdings of private enterprises, but from the essential point of view of the Lenovo is really a state-owned enterprise. Lenovo was founded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of computer purely state-controlled enterprises, Lenovo's earliest adhere to the road of independent research and development, is China's high-tech enterprises at the time of a flag, in the listing has been China's largest 100 percent state-controlled high-tech enterprises. With the listing of Lenovo, Lenovo began to transform from a high-tech enterprise to a trading and capital operation company. Lenovo's top management gradually transformed Lenovo into a minority-controlled private enterprise through frequent capital operations and capital transfers by unusual means. Although Lenovo's state-owned shares have been artificially moved and transferred, no one can change the fact that Lenovo is a state-owned enterprise.
Lenovo is a purely state-owned enterprise founded by the Institute of Computing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, not a private enterprise founded by a certain person
Lenovo was initially a purely state-owned enterprise founded by the Institute of Computing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, which was rumored to be the place of Lenovo's founding, and the communication room was only used to receive visitors, and it was not the place of the original founding of Lenovo.
Lenovo's initial phase has been the unpaid use of the Institute of computing dozens of offices, laboratories, the picture above is the original real office space of Lenovo.
Lenovo's first chairman was Zeng Maozhao, the first general manager of the room Wang Shuhe, and Liu Chuanzhi at the time was only a trainee researcher and vice president, ranked in the chief engineer Ni Guangnan associate researcher, deputy general manager of the former deputy director of the eight room after Zhang Zuxiang. Lenovo's official claim is that Liu Chuanzhi led 10 researchers in a small bungalow of less than 10 square meters to create Lenovo, which is obviously a fabrication.
The Institute of Computing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the actual founder of Lenovo, as the Institute of Computing's superiors, the Chinese Academy of Sciences for Lenovo to provide a large amount of money, but also provided a large number of talent, technology, equipment, the right to use, guarantee goodwill and other intangible assets, if converted into funds, at that time it should be said to be a huge sum of money, it can be said that Lenovo was a purely state-owned enterprises, and the private sector does not have the slightest relationship.
Ni Guangnan was first a researcher at the Institute of Computing, and was persuaded by Lenovo's then general manager Wang Shu and vice president Liu Chuanzhi to enter Lenovo, and brought his own research results to Lenovo free of charge, as Lenovo's chief engineer and technical core, presided over the research and development of the Hankook, Lenovo motherboards, Lenovo microcomputers and Lenovo's brand computers, and other core products, not only to help Lenovo dig up the first bucket of money, and in one fell swoop, helped Lenovo establish a leading position in the domestic PC market. Lenovo not only helped Lenovo to dig the first bucket of gold, but also helped Lenovo to establish the leading position in the domestic PC market. It can be said that Ni Guangnan's contribution to Lenovo is greater than Liu Chuanzhi. Lenovo is in the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a large amount of money, technology, talent and other aspects of the input, as well as academician Ni Guangnan and other scientific and technological workers to adhere to the road of independent research and development, only to lay the early development of Lenovo.
No matter how Lenovo's official publicity, how the shareholding structure changes, it is difficult to change the fundamental fact that Lenovo is a state-owned enterprise.
Lenovo transformed into a trade and capital operation company, through listing and frequent capital operation gradually transformed into a few high-level holdings of private enterprises
Liu Chuanzhi and other Lenovo executives in the control of Lenovo, and gradually abolished the road of independent research and development, Lenovo by high-tech enterprises gradually transformed into a trade and capital operation type of private enterprises. And Ni Guangnan academician as a conscientious scientist, because adhere to the road of independent research and development, and for Lenovo restructuring may cause the huge loss of state-owned assets to report, by Lenovo executives forcibly expelled from the Lenovo, as the Lenovo contributed the most to the people even did not have a penny Lenovo shares. Lenovo listing, Lenovo executives and employees **** share 35% of the shares, then Lenovo executives engaged in trade and capital operations, through frequent capital operations and capital shift, Lenovo's state-owned shares continue to be diluted, and ultimately Lenovo executives as the representative of the minority of Lenovo's largest shareholders.
From the point of view of the current shareholders of Lenovo, Liu Chuanzhi as the head of the Lenovo executives and allies Pan Ocean Holdings accounted for as much as 45.5%, while the Chinese Academy of Sciences accounted for the state-owned shares of only 29.05%. That is to say, in 25 years, the Chinese Academy of Sciences accounted for Lenovo's shares from 100%, directly down to 29.05%, Lenovo executives of a series of capital operation techniques is called magic.
From Lenovo's development history, Lenovo's earliest is 100% state-owned enterprises, although a few people later under the banner of restructuring, through frequent capital operations will be a large number of state-owned assets transferred to the name of the individual, but a lot of Lenovo is also a state-owned enterprise into a private enterprise, but there is a suspicion of misappropriation of state-owned assets, and Lenovo is a state-owned enterprise, the fact that no one can change!
Before the reform and opening up, China's enterprises are basically state-owned enterprises, with the reform and opening up of the spring breeze blowing across the land, private enterprises began to spring up, and quickly ushered in a period of rapid development.
That is, in the process of the rapid development of this private enterprise, there are a lot of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises identity swap situation. State-owned enterprises through the restructuring after the transformation into private enterprises, and private enterprises by the state-owned enterprises to buy or holding after the transformation into state-owned enterprises. So there are a lot of people who seem to think it's a private enterprise, but it's actually a state-owned enterprise.
So below, I'll introduce you to a few companies that look like private companies but are actually state-owned.
1, Gree Electric
In the electrical appliances industry, Gree Electric and the "Iron Lady" Ms. Dong's reputation can be described as no one knows, no one knows. In fact, when Zhuhai State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) is still the largest shareholder of Gree Group, Gree Electric has always been a state-owned enterprise. Under the leadership of Ms. Dong, Gree's revenue exceeded 200 billion, becoming the global air conditioning industry leader.
But now, Gree Electric ushered in a brand new development opportunity: Gree Group sold 15% of its shares in Gree Electric in its hands, at a price of 40 billion dollars to Gao Tong Capital. Zhang Lei, who has more resources and experience, has become the "new boss" of Dong Mingzhu, and I don't know whether Gree Electric will usher in a new development.
2, Haier Group
See the word Haier, may be more than 30 years old friends can recall their own childhood to watch a cartoon called "Haier Brothers", so when you see the Haier Group with the brothers as a corporate logo, I believe a lot of people will think that the Haier Group is a private enterprise. But in fact, Haier, like Gree, is also a state-owned enterprise, and there are also mother and son enterprises.
In 2018, Haier Group's revenue was 266.1 billion yuan, while Haier Zhijia's revenue was 183.317 billion yuan, and Haier Zhijia is actually mainly doing electrical appliances. The first major shareholder of Haier Zhijia is Haier Electrical Appliances International Limited, and the second major shareholder is Haier Group, both of which are undoubtedly state-controlled.
Haier has been the boss of China's home appliance industry before, but now it has been surpassed by the United States, and has fallen into a mid-life crisis, and may even be surpassed by Gree, the development pressure is not small.
3, China Resources Group
There is also a diversified development of state-owned enterprises - China Resources Group, whose products include all aspects of people's daily lives, Fortune Magazine released the 2019 World Top 500 list, China Resources Group ranked 80th with $91.98 billion in revenue! , China Resources Group has been selected as one of the world's top 500 for 10 consecutive years.
There are a lot of people who may ignore it, but these brands: snowflake beer, 999 Cold and Flu, Dong'ah Gum, Yuting, China Resources Cement, and Yibao Mineral Water can be said to be household names in China, and they all belong to China Resources.
4, Dongfeng Group
Dongfeng Group, the name, sounds very private enterprise style, and like to make a splash on various occasions is almost a Dongfeng Group head of the characteristics of which there are other state-owned enterprises in charge of that low-key look. So perhaps these two points will let many people to the Dongfeng Group mistaken for a private enterprise, in fact, Dongfeng Group is an uncompromising state-owned enterprises wholly owned by the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC).