Department of Nuclear Medicine
Department of Nuclear Medicine was founded in 1997: after ten years of development and construction, it is now a comprehensive discipline integrating scientific research and clinical teaching. Our department has 1 deputy chief physician, 1 attending physician, 2 physicians, 2 nurse practitioners in charge of the current clinical work:
1, the treatment of hyperthyroidism:
Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disease, the incidence of 1-4% of the population. Conventional internal medicine treatment has a long course, generally need to take medication for 1-2 years, and the recurrence rate is as high as 40-60% after stopping the medication; 131I was first applied to the treatment of hyperthyroidism in 1947, and it has been widely carried out in the advanced countries of Europe and the United States due to its simplicity, cheapness, fewer side-effects, and remarkable therapeutic efficacy. In ten years of work, our department has treated patients as young as 6 years old and as old as 76 years old, and a patient who has been suffering from hyperthyroidism for more than 30 years has been cured once, which relieved the patient's pain. At present, the patients who come to our hospital for treatment are not only limited to hyperthyroidism, but also many patients with goiter, nodular goiter, thyroiditis and other thyroid-related diseases come to our hospital and get good treatment.
2. Carrying out 131I treatment for thyroid cancer:
Thyroid cancer is the most common tumor in the endocrine system, with an incidence rate of 1-3/100,000 in the population, accounting for 10% of the surgery for thyroid nodules, and its incidence rate has been increasing year by year. In the developed countries of Europe and America, it has been commonly and routinely used after surgery plus 131I treatment for thyroid cancer, which reduces the postoperative recurrence rate as well as the metastatic rate and mortality rate, and benefits a lot of patients. Some patients with extensive metastasis of thyroid cancer who were once abandoned have been cured. As shown below: the pathology report was papillary thyroid cancer, and CT found extensive lung metastasis. After four courses of 131I treatment, the disease was in complete remission and clinical cure was achieved.
3.Carrying out 131I- MIBG treatment for malignant pheochromocytoma:
Pheochromocytoma is an upgraded neuroendocrine tumor originating from the adrenal medulla, which retains the function of the adrenal medulla and has the ability to secrete catecholamines, resulting in the patient's paroxysmal and then persistent hypertension, which is ferocious and often combined with malignant hypertension, such as cardio-cerebral vascular accidents. 131I- MIBG can be used to diagnose pheochromocytoma qualitatively and locally, and can be used to treat malignant pheochromocytoma, for inoperable, postoperative recurrence of the patient's blood pressure control can be achieved satisfactory results, and for some patients to fight for the second time for surgery. 1984, the United States for the first time in the clinic, and in 1998, we and the Union Hospital cooperation, to complete the first case of this type of patient diagnosis and treatment, the patient is malignant hypertension, the patient is malignant hypertension, the patient is a patient with the same disease. In 1998, we cooperated with Union Hospital to complete the first case of this type of patients, the patient is malignant pheochromocytoma lung metastasis, has been confirmed by a number of hospitals only half a year of survival, after a number of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is ineffective, the tumor volume half a year to double the size of the patient after three courses of treatment, the patient survived for six years.
4. Application of 90Y-dota, growth inhibitory receptor in neuroendocrine tumors:
Species involved: gastrinoma, pheochromocytoma, sympathetic ganglion tumor, medullary carcinoma of thyroid gland.
5, line ECT work:
Nuclear medicine imaging is an important part of nuclear medicine, can provide a large number of clinical diagnosis and treatment of the scientific basis, but also a prerequisite for nuclear medicine treatment. Our department purchased in 2005 in line with the line ECT not only facilitates the nuclear medicine treatment, but also for the clinical departments in the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumor treatment of the aspects of help.
Teaching work:
Because of the comprehensive advantages of belonging to China Atomic Energy Research Institute (CAERI), in 2007, the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Capital University of Medical Sciences set up the teaching base of nuclear medicine in our hospital after many arguments. So that students from the production of nuclear drugs to the clinical application of a comprehensive understanding of the unique teaching method received the welcome of students. The unique teaching method has been welcomed by the students.
Beijing No. 401 Hospital of China Nuclear Industry - Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT)
The Neutron Irradiator of the 401 Hospital is a nuclear medical device developed by the high-tech enterprise of Fangshan District, Beijing Kaibao Technology Company Limited, and constructed in cooperation with the China Academy of Atomic Energy Science. It is based on the requirements of boron neutron capture for the treatment of tumors, utilizing mature technology with inherent safety characteristics and no environmental consequences. The pro-user micropile, which can be built in densely populated locations, was improved and developed into a hospital neutron irradiator, or IHNI (In-Hospital Neutron Irradiator), specialized for boron neutron capture therapy.
Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) involves first injecting a boron-containing (10B) compound into the human body, which enters the brain through the bloodstream, because the selected boron-containing compound has affinity properties with brain tumors, where it is enriched only in brain tumors. Due to the blood-brain barrier effect, 10B rarely, if ever, enters normal brain tissue.
When irradiating a patient's tumor with a neutron beam, the 10B(n,α)7Li reaction generates α-particles and 7Li nuclei with high energy-transmitting line densities, which kill tumor cells in the range of ≤10μ. That is, it is possible to employ the modulation of the targeting dichotomous properties (concentration of 10B, energy and intensity of the neutron beam current) within the cellular scale, which is unparalleled in principle to any conventional treatment. It can realize strong targeting and high energy transmission line density (LET) binary (boron drug, neutron beam) radiation therapy in cell scale (micron level), and the principle of treating malignant brain tumor is superior to that of current surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy, and the physical differentiation between normal cells and cancer cells is precise and does not cause any damage to human body, and it is the only effective method of treating glioma at present. It is the only effective method for the treatment of glioma at present, and has become the hotspot of international nuclear medicine circles since the 90s, and has been a blank in our country so far. At present, the treatment of brain cancer with this therapy has become a routine therapy in the international community, and it has been tried to treat other organ tumors such as liver cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer and so on. After half a century of clinical practice, thermal neutron capture therapy was firstly created in Japan with an unprecedented record of 33% survival rate in 5 years, and is now listed as a standard technology. Ultrathermal neutron BNCT for deep brain tumors without craniotomy has undergone extensive clinical trials in the first and second phases, and is now moving to the third phase, i.e., the efficacy trial. In conclusion, "Neutron Capture Therapy" (NCT) is a new and promising area of recent cancer treatment research.
The three key technologies of BNCT are neutron source and neutron beam flow, boron (10B) compound drug and intracerebral dose assessment.
Nowadays, intracerebral dose assessment technology has become mature due to the rapid development of computer technology. Boron compound drugs have made decisive achievements in the 1990s, and third-generation drugs have been demonstrated in animal experiments to have not only obvious target specificity but also a much longer retention time in the tumor.
At present, there is not a single device in the world dedicated to the application of BNCT, and the reactors that have been applied to BNCT, with higher power, and mostly built in the distant suburbs or mountainous areas, are not conducive to the treatment and care of patients, and the economy and practicality cause bottlenecks in the promotion of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT). Therefore, the focus of the three key technologies of BNCT is to develop a safe and reliable neutron source device that can be placed in hospitals, controlled by doctors themselves, and with acceptable treatment costs.
Out of their own sense of professional responsibility and their respective skills in nuclear technology and neurosurgery, seven academicians, including Zhou Yongmao and Wang Zhongzhong, tracked the international innovative practices at the beginning of this century, and ****together, they negotiated to start the development of a high-tech nuclear medical device that utilizes the principle of Neutron Capture Therapy (NCT) for the treatment of cancer.
Based on the experience of the nine domestic and foreign micro-reactors that have been constructed and the combination of BNCT technology, the Hospital Neutron Irradiator was born. It is an independent innovation project which owns all the independent intellectual property rights of the whole set of design in China and has been authorized by the national creation and invention patent.
It consists of 3 parts: micro reactor as neutron source, neutron irradiation beam current device and medical facilities for running irradiation treatment. The main difference with the micro-reactor is: in the same size of the core of the U5 enrichment degree of 12.5% of high-density UO2, Zr-4 shell components instead of U5 enrichment degree of 90.2% of U-Al alloy, aluminum shell components; in the reactor side of the beryllium reflective layer of the outside of the symmetry of the two sides, leading to the two neutron beam aperture. The optimized combination constitutes a thermal neutron beam device and a super-thermal neutron beam device, providing neutron beams of different energies and intensities for boron neutron capture therapy, with no change in the intrinsic safety characteristics.
The 401 Hospital Neutron Irradiator has the following characteristics
1. The neutron source of the 401 Hospital Neutron Irradiator belongs to the category of reactors with low power (30kW), low radioactive reserves and no environmental consequences. It has passed the evaluation of the National Expert Committee on Nuclear Safety and Environment.
2. Adopting safer and more reliable nuclear fuel elements. UO2 core, Zr-4 for fuel cladding, such elements are characterized by high melting point, good irradiation stability, and Zr-4 has strong corrosion resistance to water.
3. A strong intrinsic fast negative feedback mechanism improves the inherent safety of the reactor. Hospital neutron irradiators use UO2 as fuel. The large amount of U238 in the fuel means that the Doppler negative reactivity fast effect of U238 is greatly increased.
4. The addition of an auxiliary control rod, as an independent mechanism for stopping the reactor, provides greater safety.
5. 5 physical barriers to prevent radiation leakage.
a. Adoption of high-density UO2 core.
b. The use of Zr-4 cladding and effective welding process provides complete certainty of reliable operation over the life span.
c, fully sealed reactor vessel, the world's seven Slowpoke-2 pile and nine MNSR pile more than a hundred heaps of years of perfect safety operation record confirmed.
d, large-capacity pool water.
e. Confined reactor hall building design. The building covers an area of about 477 square meters, with a floor area of about 1,145 square meters. Underground depth of 4 meters, above ground height of 10 meters, is the equivalent of a CT machine like nuclear medical equipment, is generally large and medium-sized hospitals can accommodate.
6. Manipulation is simple convenient and flexible, economic
Established a computer networking closed-loop control, monitoring system. Summarize the micro-heap more than 20 years of design, operation experience, through the software design, so that the function of the control and monitoring system, with a high degree of automation, intelligence to do all the reactor parameters real-time sampling, automatic recording, archiving. Greatly improve the operation and management level. General medical personnel can be on duty as long as through short-term training. Greatly reduce operating costs. (This system has been successfully developed, in the Shenzhen University teaching area of the micro-reactor has been running test for four years, proved that the performance is very good).
The 401 Hospital Neutron Irradiator is a low-power, low radioactivity storage, no environmental consequences reactor. Its core facility has a diameter of 24cm, a height of 24cm, a power of 30kw, normal temperature and pressure, and a natural cycle. It has been evaluated by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as a "low-power research reactor with pro-user and intrinsic safety characteristics, which can be built in a residential area using civil construction standards". After the optimized design of the reactor core and neutron beam current device, its technical index and performance fully meet various requirements, providing a powerful tool for neutron capture research and cancer treatment. It reflects the international leading level of China's nuclear technology application. At present, the incidence rate of brain glioma and other malignant tumors in China is on the rise, and according to the statistics, the incidence of brain glioma in China is nearly 100,000 people per year. Therefore, the development of hospital neutron irradiator is urgent. It is the first specialized demonstration device in the world. Once it is built and successfully treated, it will not only enable China's large-scale medical equipment to take a place in the world and benefit mankind, but also have a wide influence. It will also develop into a modernized huge medical treatment and rehabilitation industry. Its completion will become another new highlight of high-tech projects in Fangshan District.