1. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
2. The core of sustainable development is development.
3. An important symbol of sustainable development is the sustainable use of resources and a good ecological environment.
4. Sustainable development requires that both the needs of current development and the needs of future development be taken into account.
5. The main environmental problems of serious concern to the world today are: acid rain, ozone layer depletion, global climate change, sharp decline in biodiversity, pollution and transboundary movement of toxic chemicals, sudden environmental pollution accidents and large-scale ecological damage.
6, China's environmental protection in 2010, the visionary goal is: sustainable development strategy has been better implemented, the environmental management system to further improve the basic change in environmental pollution and ecological deterioration of the situation, the quality of the environment has been improved significantly, the completion of a number of rapid economic development, environmental cleanliness and beautiful, ecological cycle of the city and the region.
7, local people's governments at all levels of the main environmental protection responsibilities for the environmental quality of the jurisdiction, the implementation of the environmental quality of the administrative leadership responsibility system.
8. Organic pollution of water bodies refers to the pollution caused by the discharge of wastewater containing large amounts of organic matter from urban sewage, the food industry and the paper industry.
9, inorganic pollution of water bodies refers to acid, alkali and inorganic salts on the pollution of water bodies.
10, the water body of toxic substances pollution refers to all kinds of toxic substances into the water body, in high concentrations, will kill the water organisms; in low concentrations, can be enriched in the organisms, and through the food chain level by level concentration, and finally affect the human body.
11, eutrophication pollution of water bodies means that wastewater containing plant nutrients into the water body will cause eutrophication of the water body, so that algae bloom, and a large number of consumption of dissolved oxygen in the water, which leads to the asphyxiation of fish and other deaths.
12, pathogenic microbial pollution of water bodies refers to domestic sewage, hospital sewage and sewage from slaughtering and meat processing, etc., containing various types of viruses, bacteria, parasites and other pathogenic microorganisms, which flow into the water body will spread various diseases.
13, cyanide hazard refers to electroplating and other industries produce a large number of wastewater containing cyanide, cyanide is easy to generate hydrocyanic acid, hydrocyanic acid is a volatile acid, is a highly toxic substance, the air contains a very small amount of can be fatal, cyanide can be through the respiratory tract, the esophagus and the skin immersed in the poisoning caused by.
14, detergent pollution and its harm is its active ingredient surfactants, purifying agents, bleach and other auxiliary components discharged into the water column, the consumption of dissolved oxygen, and aquatic organisms have a slight toxicity, can cause deformity of fish, which contains phosphate solvents will cause eutrophication of the water body.
15, the urban heat island effect, commonly referred to as the development of urbanization, resulting in higher temperatures in the city than in the outer suburbs of this phenomenon.
16, lead pollution is a heavy metal pollution in the more toxic one. Lead pollution in the urban atmosphere mainly comes from automobile exhaust and industrial emissions, lead on the human body all organs and systems have a role, but the nervous system, blood and cardiovascular system is mainly. The most common are anemia, lead colic and lead poisoning hepatitis. The state has already mandated the use of unleaded gasoline in previous years, and now all gas stations offer gasoline that is unleaded, including 90#, 93# , 97# and 98#.
17. Toxic chemicals are chemicals that enter the environment to harm health and the environment through environmental accumulation, bioaccumulation, biotransformation, or chemical reactions, or that are potentially hazardous through contact with humans.
18, the county level and above, the administrative department of environmental protection to implement unified supervision and management of the registration of sewage declaration, sewage units of the industry is responsible for reviewing the content of the registration of sewage declarations of their units.
19, the system of time-limited treatment by the people's government at all levels or its authorized environmental protection department to decide, the environmental protection department to supervise the implementation.
20, limited-term treatment is a kind of administrative coercive measures rather than administrative sanctions.
21, "polluter pays, utilizer compensates, developer protects, and destroyer restores." Is the current environmental law in China put forward the principle of environmental responsibility.
22, on-site inspection system, refers to the environmental protection department or other departments exercising environmental supervision and management powers in accordance with the law, on-site inspections of sewage disposal units within the jurisdiction of sewage disposal and pollution control and other circumstances.
23, industrial and mining enterprises for the elimination of pollution, governance, "three wastes" to carry out the comprehensive utilization of the project is the industrial policy to support the project.
24, the purpose of collecting sewage charges, in order to prompt the dischargers to strengthen business management, conservation and comprehensive utilization of resources, pollution control, improve the environment.
25, the environmental management system (EMS) is part of the organization's overall management system for the development and implementation of its environmental policy, and management of its environmental factors, including the organizational structure, program activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources needed to develop, implement, achieve, review and maintain environmental policy.
26. Biodiversity consists of three components: genetic diversity, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.
27, red tide refers to a certain environmental conditions, seawater, certain plankton, protozoa, bacteria, intense reproduction, highly aggregated, caused by the sea ecological abnormalities, and cause some harm to the phenomenon.
28, crimes against the environment refers to the behavior of the perpetrator violates environmental laws and regulations, pollution and destruction of the environment caused by serious harm to personal health or life and property, should be punished.
29, enterprises and institutions discharging pollutants into the water body should pay to pay the sewage water charges or exceed the sewage charges.
30, "Chinese people *** and the State Environmental Impact Assessment Law" is September 1, 2003 promulgated and implemented.
31, "Construction Project Environmental Protection Management Regulations" is November 29, 1998 promulgated and implemented.
32. EIA is carried out by EIA organizations holding EIA qualification certificates issued by the state according to their qualifications.
33. The administrative department of environmental protection does not charge any fees when it carries out the approval of construction projects, i.e., when it approves the Environmental Impact Registration Form, the Environmental Impact Report Form and the Environmental Impact Report.
34. No department of the competent administrative department for environmental protection and no individual has the right to recommend or designate an EIA organization to a construction unit. Any such behavior will be a serious violation of law and discipline.
35. The administrative department of environmental protection requires construction units to carry out the corresponding EIA work in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State Environmental Protection Administration's "Classified Management List of Construction Project Environmental Protection".
36, construction projects and their required supporting environmental protection facilities have been built in accordance with the environmental impact assessment documents and environmental protection department for approval and implementation of environmental protection measures in accordance with the approval requirements, set up in the standardized emission outlets, the installation of the signage, can be proposed to the environmental protection department for trial production or trial operation.
37, the preparation of the environmental impact report (table) of the construction project, the construction unit to apply for environmental protection acceptance of the completion of the construction project, in addition to the application should be submitted to the acceptance of the form of documents, should also be submitted to acceptance of the monitoring report, pollution prevention and control facilities as-built drawings, monitoring reports and other information main.
38, "Guangdong Province, the pollutant discharge permit" in the corresponding month of the annual review must be submitted to the information are:
(1) "Guangdong Province, the discharge of pollutants application form";
(2) a year of sewage discharge monitoring report;
(3) the operation of the pollution control facilities record.
39. The impacts of urbanization on the environment include:
(1) Bringing significant impacts on the atmospheric environment, water environment and biological environment, etc.
39.
(2) The impact of urbanization on the water environment.
(3) The impact of urbanization on the biological environment.
(4) Other effects of urbanization on the environment.
40, Noise mainly acts on the central nervous system of human beings, which can cause the balance of excitation and inhibition in the human cerebral cortex to be imbalanced, leading to abnormal conditioned reflexes, impaired cerebrovascular tone, and so on.
41, noise also affects the human digestive system, leading to gastric disease and gastric ulcer incidence increases.
42, noise acts on the human vegetative nervous system, can produce peripheral vasoconstriction phenomenon.
43, noise can also make people's sympathetic nervous tension, which can make people produce tachycardia, arrhythmia, vascular spasm, ECG T wave elevation, conduction block, blood pressure fluctuations and other symptoms.
44, water resources are all surface and groundwater sources that can be used for production and life now or in the future.
45, the main pollutants that pollute the atmosphere are soot and harmful gases.
46, air pollutants mainly from human life and production activities. Equipment, devices and places that produce or discharge pollutants to the outside world are collectively called sources of pollution.
47, there are three main sources of air pollution: (1) living sources, (2) industrial sources, (3) transportation sources.
48, malodorous odor is the odor that causes most people unpleasant feeling. Malodor is one of the typical public nuisance, and its harm has attracted people's attention. Specifically, it can be divided into three types of pollution sources:
(1) agricultural and animal husbandry odor.
(2) industrial odor.
(3) urban public **** facilities odor.
49, malodors cause nausea, vomiting, dizziness, headache, tiredness and weakness, coughing chest tightness and other uncomfortable feelings.
50, noise is a cluttered, discordant-sounding, annoying annoying, unwanted sound.
51. The concept of cleaner production was introduced in May 1989 by the United Nations Environment Program.
52, cleaner production is to save resources and energy, reduce consumption and pollution as the goal, through the screening process, and the implementation of measures to prevent and control pollution and other technical and management means, to achieve the prevention and control of industrial pollution, and to improve the economic efficiency of the dual purpose of the production process.
53, cleaner production is the continuous improvement of processes and products to achieve the purpose of saving resources and protecting the environment, is one of the strategic measures for sustainable development.
54, green products refers to the production, use, disposal of the whole process is conducive to the protection of the ecological environment, does not produce environmental pollution or produce pollution to minimize, at the same time conducive to saving resources and energy products.
55, green food is safe, nutritious, pollution-free food in general. It is a very large food family, mainly including grains, vegetables, fruits, livestock and poultry meat, eggs, aquatic products and other series.
56, the core of green food, one is safe, two is nutrition, three is delicious. Any over pesticides, chemical fertilizers, pollution or added preservatives, anti-cutting agents, bleach, thickening agents and may have an adverse effect on human health of food, should not be called green food.
57, environmental impact assessment refers to the development of resources and engineering construction projects before, predict the possible impact of these activities on the state of the environment and damage, and put forward measures and methods that can prevent environmental pollution.
58, ecological environment refers to the sum of ecological conditions of the living space around the living organism.
59, the environmental problem refers to the human activities in our surrounding environment caused by the "public health" problem, is a worldwide social problems.
60, environmental problems through the primitive hunting stage, agriculture and animal husbandry stage, industrial revolution stage, industrial development stage, modern industrial stage **** six processes.
61 Environmental capacity refers to the maximum allowable amount or ability to withstand pollutants without affecting the normal function or use of the environment. Or it refers to the total amount of pollutants that the environment can withstand without maintaining ecological balance and without exceeding the human health threshold.
62. Environmental self-purification means that under normal circumstances, the various ecosystems of the environment, through their own physical, physicochemical, chemical and biological series of reactions and changes, and constantly regulate the quantity and quality of pollutants, so as to maintain the dynamic balance of the ecosystem so that the environment is instantly polluted by a variety of factors to be naturally purified.
63, environmental pollution refers to the intervention of pollutants in the environment, exceeding the environmental self-purification capacity, the ecological balance has been damaged, resulting in changes in environmental characteristics or the original use of certain adverse effects, thus directly or indirectly on human health or production, life activities have certain harm or impact of the phenomenon.
64, intervene in the environment of the reaction pollutants, in the role and influence of all factors, physical and chemical or biochemical chemical reaction, the generation of new pollutants than the original toxicity of the new pollutants, the pollutants generated is called the secondary pollutants, and the environmental pollution caused by the secondary pollution is known as the pollution.
65, the purpose of environmental protection is: First, the rational use of natural resources, the protection of natural resources. The second is to safeguard human health and prevent ecological damage.
66, every ecosystem in nature, always constantly material cycle and energy exchange, in a certain time and conditions, the output and input of matter and energy in a temporary, relatively stable state, is called ecological balance.
67, ecosystems are formed by the biological communities and their living environments are constantly carried out between the material cycle and energy flow process of the unified whole.
68, the ecosystem is composed of four parts: producers, consumers, decomposers, non-living matter and energy.
69. There are three main reasons for the destruction of ecological balance: the change of species composition, the change of environmental factors, and the destruction of information system.
70, natural resources refers to as the object of labor, into the society that part of the natural environment can be processed into means of production and means of living.
71, natural resources can be divided into non-renewable resources, renewable resources, inexhaustible resources.
72, the Chinese people *** and state environmental protection law *** 6 chapters 47 articles.
73, the Chinese people's *** and the state environmental protection law stipulates that all units and individuals have the obligation to protect the environment, and have the right to report and accuse the units and individuals who pollute and destroy the environment.
74, the national environmental quality standards are by the state council administrative department of environmental protection.
75, where the discharge of pollutants to the area has a local pollutant discharge standards should be implemented should be implemented local pollutant discharge standards.
77, construction projects in the prevention and control of pollution "three simultaneous" means that the prevention and control of pollution facilities must be designed at the same time as the main project, the same time the construction, the same time the commissioning of the use.
78, refused to environmental protection administrative department or other departments in accordance with the provisions of the law to exercise environmental supervision and management of on-site inspection, or in accordance with the provisions of the law to exercise environmental supervision and management of falsehoods, this behavior is a violation of the Chinese People's Republic of China Environmental Protection Law, the environmental protection administrative department may, depending on the circumstances, give a warning or impose a fine:
80.Damage to the environment due to pollution The limitation period for filing a lawsuit is three years.
81. The statute of limitations for bringing a lawsuit for damages due to environmental pollution is calculated from the time when the parties know or should know that they have been harmed by pollution.
82, the Chinese people's *** and state environmental protection regulations, causing major environmental pollution accidents, resulting in significant loss of public and private property or personal injury and death of the serious consequences of the person directly responsible for the investigation of criminal responsibility.
83, in 1972, the 27th session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted June 5 each year is the World Environment Day
84, the ozone layer refers to the stratospheric ozone concentration of the level, the height of the altitude of about 20 - 25Km on the high altitude.
85, the ozone layer can absorb most of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, so that the stratosphere heating and blocking when the strong ultraviolet radiation leads to the surface, the surface of the biological protection
86, public health hazards refers to environmental pollution and damage caused by human activities, resulting in harm to the public's safety, health, life, property and livelihood.
87, solid waste is a solid or semi-solid material that is no longer needed or has no utilization value and is abandoned, which is produced by human beings in the production process and social life activities.
88, activated sludge refers to a sludge-like brown flocculent dominated by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa, postulates and metal hydroxides.
89, activated sludge is in the wastewater with organic pollutants as a culture medium, in the oxygenated aeration conditions, a variety of microbial groups for mixed continuous culture and become.
90, chemical oxygen demand is defined in the conditions, so that the water samples can be oxidized substances, oxidation of the amount of oxidant needed to consume, expressed in milligrams of oxygen consumption per liter of water.
91, activated sludge with cohesion, adsorption, oxidation, decomposition of organic pollutants in wastewater performance, so that wastewater can be purified.
92, sewage primary treatment methods include screening method, precipitation method, floating method.
93, sewage treatment has a physical method, chemical method, physical-chemical method, biological treatment method and other basic methods.
94, sewage secondary treatment of the main task is the most substantial removal of sewage in the colloidal and dissolved state of organic pollutants, the removal rate of up to 95% or more.
95, water sensory pollution are:
(1) color change. (2) turbidity changes. (3) vesicles. (4) odor.
96, the water body oil pollution refers to the development of coastal and estuarine oil, tanker transportation, oil refining industry wastewater discharge of oil in the water surface after the formation of oil film, affecting the oxygen into the water body, the biological hazards of the phenomenon. In addition, oil pollution destroys beach retreats, scenic landscapes and the survival of birds.
97, thermal pollution of water bodies refers to thermal power plants and other cooling wastewater discharged directly into natural water bodies, causing the water temperature to rise, resulting in a reduction of dissolved oxygen in the water, so that the water of certain poisons in the toxicity of the water to rise, resulting in the change of fish populations and death.
98, chromium has a wide range of industrial uses, mainly metal processing, electroplating, tanning industry, these industries discharge of wastewater and exhaust gas is the main source of pollution in the environment.
99, chromium is one of the trace elements necessary for the human body, but excessive chromium is harmful to human health; hexavalent chromium is more toxic, more absorbed by the human body, has a carcinogenic effect, and can be accumulated in the body. Excessive (more than 10ppm) trivalent chromium and hexavalent chromium are lethal to aquatic organisms.
100, organochlorine pesticides in chlorobenzene structure is more stable, the enzymes in the organisms are difficult to degrade, easy to accumulate in the body of animals and plants, difficult to eliminate, it can be through the biological enrichment and the role of the food chain, the residual pesticide residues in the environment will be further concentrated and spread. China has started to ban the use of DDT and hexachloroethylene in crops such as vegetables, tea and tobacco in the 1960s.
101, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of oxygen consumed by microorganisms biochemical degradation of organic matter contained in water. Generally use 20 ℃ and incubation time of 5 days as a standard. Expressed in terms of BOD, usually using mg/l or ppm as the unit of measurement of BOD.
First pollutants such as hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (Nox) emitted into the atmosphere by sources such as 102, automobiles and factories (mainly automobile exhaust) are photochemically reacted under the action of sunlight (ultraviolet light) to produce second pollutants. The mixture of primary and secondary pollutants involved in the photochemical reaction process forms a smog pollution phenomenon called photochemical smog.
103, photochemical smog components are complex, their harm to humans and animals is mainly manifested in the eyes and mucous membranes irritation, headache, breathing disorders, chronic hohhot inhalation disease deterioration, children's lung function abnormalities.
104, malodor can be divided into six levels according to its intensity.
105, sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a colorless gas with an irritating odor. When the concentration of SO2 in the atmosphere reaches 1-5 ppm, it irritates the respiratory tract and increases airflow resistance, causing respiratory diseases, and children are more sensitive than adults.
106, high concentrations of SO2 can make sensitive conifers defoliate or even die, but also cause acid rain.
107, why the occurrence of public health events: after the industrial revolution, with the rapid development of social productivity, rapid population growth, the scale of human social activities continue to expand the degree of the ability to ask for nature and the ability to intervene in the natural environment is also growing, resource consumption and emission of waste increased substantially, coupled with the limitations of people's understanding and subjective attention to protection, resulting in environmental problems are becoming more and more serious, pollution incidents are frequent. As a result, environmental problems have become more and more serious and pollution incidents have occurred frequently, posing a serious threat to the safety of human lives and property and to the order of the political parties of socio-economic development. It is worrying that the scope of environmental pollution around the world is getting bigger and bigger and the harm is getting more and more serious.
108, the Maas Valley smog incident refers to the Maas Valley industrial zone in Belgium, which occurred in 1930, due to the combined effects of sulfur dioxide and dust pollution on the human body, within a week, nearly 60 people died, and thousands suffered from respiratory diseases.
109, Los Angeles photochemical smog event refers to the occurrence of the United States in 1943, Los Angeles, the city's more than 2 million cars emit large amounts of automobile exhaust, in the ultraviolet radiation produced photochemical smog, a large number of residents appear red eyes, tearing, sore throat and other symptoms, the mortality rate increased greatly.
110, Donora smog event refers to the United States in 1948, the town of Donora, Pennsylvania, the United States, due to zinc refineries, iron and steel mills, sulfur dioxide emissions from sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid plants and oxides and dust caused by the serious pollution of the atmosphere, so that more than 5,900 residents fell ill. Seventeen people died on the first day of the incident.
111, the London smog event refers to occurred in 1952 in London, England, due to the winter coal-fired emissions of soot and sulfur dioxide in the fog and in the accumulation of non-dissipation, the first two weeks of the deaths of 4,000 people, and then more than 8,000 people died in the next two months.
112, Yokkaichi asthma incident refers to the city of Yokkaichi, Japan, which occurred around 1961, due to petrochemical and industrial combustion of heavy oil emissions from the exhaust gases seriously pollute the atmosphere, causing a sharp increase in respiratory diseases among residents, especially to make the incidence of asthma greatly increased, the incidence of elderly people over the age of 50 years of age is about 8%, the death of more than 10 people.
113, Minamata disease incident refers to the Minamata City, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan, which occurred from 1953 to 1956, due to the discharge of mercury-containing wastewater from petrochemical factories, people consumed aquatic organisms such as fish, shrimp, shellfish, etc. which were contaminated by mercury and enriched with methylmercury, resulting in a large number of central nervous system poisoning of the residents, with the mortality rate amounting to 38%, and the number of people who had been poisoned by mercury amounting to 283, of whom more than 60 died.
114, Toyama pain disease incident refers to the occurrence of a 1955 ~ 1972, Japan, Toyama Prefecture, Shentong River Basin, due to zinc, lead smelters and other emissions of cadmium-containing wastewater contaminated river water and rice, the residents of the poisoned after eating, in 1972, the sick people amounted to 258 people, the death of 128 people.
115, Aichi rice bran oil incident refers to happen in 1968 in Japan Kitakyushu city, Aichi Prefecture area, because of edible oil factory in the production of rice bran oil, the use of polychlorinated biphenyls for the deodorization process in the heat carrier, this poison is mixed into the rice bran oil was consumed by the poisoning, the sick people more than 10,000 people, 16 people died.
116, Bhopal gas incident occurred in 1984 in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, due to the city's United States Union Carbide pesticide plant tank burst, a large number of highly toxic substances methyl isocyanate leakage, resulting in at least 2,500 deaths, more than 100,000 people were injured in the tragedy.
117, Chernobyl nuclear contamination occurred in 1986 in the Kiev region of the former Soviet Union, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, due to the reactor explosion, a large number of radioactive substances leaked, tens of thousands of people were radiation damage, the direct death of 31 people, 130,000 residents were forced to evacuate, the scope of contamination spread to neighboring countries, the nuclear fallout all over Europe.
118, all construction projects should be implemented in the environmental impact report (table) approval system, the implementation of the prevention and control of pollution and other public hazards of the facilities (i.e., environmental protection facilities) and the main project at the same time the design, construction, and put into operation at the same time the "three simultaneous" system.
119, alteration, expansion and technological transformation projects, under economically reasonable conditions, must be treated at the same time with the project associated with the original pollution.
120, before the trial production of a construction project, the environmental protection facilities of the construction project must be checked and agreed by the competent administrative department for environmental protection before the construction project can be put into trial production. The trial run period generally does not exceed one year.
121, before a construction project is formally put into production or use, the construction unit must submit an application for acceptance of completion of environmental protection facilities to the competent administrative department for environmental protection, and after the competent administrative department for environmental protection passes the inspection and approves the "Acceptance Application Report", the project can be put into production or use.
122, administrative execution on behalf of a kind of indirect administrative enforcement measures, is to solve the problem of hazardous waste generating units of hazardous waste improperly treated or not treated, to ensure that the legal obligor to fulfill the obligations of an effective means.
123, China's ecological damage situation is mainly: A, species extinction, B, vegetation destruction, C, land degradation.