1837 American Morse in Washington and Baltimore test shot cable telegraph success. 1857, the trans-Atlantic submarine telegraph cable is completed. 1875 American Bell invented the telephone; 1877 American Edison invented the phonograph. 1887 German Hertz experimentally verified the electromagnetic wave; 1889 Italian Marconi in the two countries of Britain and France in the test shot radio success; 1895, Russia, the Russian test shot electromagnetic wave. In 1895, Russian Popov and Italian Marconi successfully developed radio receivers at the same time. In 1895, the Lumière brothers of France, premiered the first movie in Paris. Printing Age In 1901, the transatlantic cable was successfully laid; Printing Age In 1912, radio saved more than 700 lives in the sinking of the Titanic. Printing Age 1915 Long-distance radio communication between Paris and Washington succeeded; Printing Age 1920s, radio was introduced Printing Age 1920s, Englishman Baird succeeded in transmitting television pictures and is credited as the inventor of television.
Printing Age 1926, the British Beate in the British Royal Institute to complete the development of television images; Printing Age 1946, the first electronic computer "ENIAC" in the United States at the University of Pennsylvania, Moore School of Electrical Engineering; Printing Age 1947, the American Hugh Lay invented the transistor; Printing Age 1953, the IBM company developed the "IBM 650" series of computers; Printing Age 1955, the IBM company developed the "IBM 650" series of computers; printing age, the IBM Corporation. In 1953, IBM developed the "IBM 650" series of computers; Printing Age In 1955, the U.S. issued the first military electronic computer for the needs of the Great War. The Printing Age 1956 The Ampex Corporation invented the video recorder; The Printing Age 1957 IBM developed the first high-level language "Fortran"; The Printing Age 1958 was an exciting year. In this year, the American Davos discovered the principle of the laser. The Printing Age 1960 The United States made the first generation of small machines, the PDP I; The Printing Age 1962 The United States launched the first artificial satellite, opening the era of television satellite transmission. Printing Era 1962 U.S. communications satellites to communicate with Europe was successful; Network Communications Era 1969, the U.S. military to establish the Apa network (ARPANET), the purpose is to prevent the attack, communication disruption. In 1969, the U.S. proposed a blueprint for a global communications network; Network Communications Era In 1970, Intel Corporation made an ultra-small integrated chip; Network Communications Era In 1975, American Bill Gates developed the "Basic" language; Network Communications Era In 1977, Apple Corporation made the Apple II PC; Network Communications Era In 1978, the U.S. proposed a plan to build a high-speed communications network; Network Communications Era In 1977, the U.S. proposed a plan to build a high-speed communications network; Network Communications Era In 1977, the U.S. proposed a plan to build a high-speed communications network. In 1978, the United States proposed the construction of high-speed communication network plan; network communication era In 1979, the legendary American Xero research team under the leadership of Bob Taylor researched the predecessor of the Internet network communication era In 1981, the United States Microsoft Corporation developed "MS-DOS". In the same year, IBM released the IBM-PC. 1983, the U.S. Department of Defense divided the Apa network into the military network and the civilian network, which gradually expanded into the Internet today. Network Communication Era In 1984, CD-ROM appeared and communication entered the era of mass. Apple launched shopping computers; Network Communications Era 1988 With the development of the communications business, virtus increased dramatically; Network Communications Era 1991 U.S. Motorola and IBM, Apple cooperated with the launch of the Power-PC chip Network Communications Era 1993 U.S. announced the construction of information high-speed access program, the integration of computers, telephones, and television media. Network Communication Era In 1993, Intel developed a non-Risc high-performance CPU; Network Communication Era In 1994, the U.S. state of Florida completed the information superhighway; Network Communication Era In 1995, Microsoft developed "Windows95", which integrates the network function on the PC. Communication is one of the basic subjects of newspaper publicity, with real and detailed content, The form of free and flexible, diverse ways of expression, vivid language and other characteristics. Types of newsletters are: character newsletters, event newsletters, work newsletters, general newsletters, news stories, literary newsletters, thematic newsletters, travel newsletters; the most common are: character newsletters and event newsletters. It is one of the most important genres in the study of applied writing. Newsletter is a narrative, description as the main mode of expression, specific image to report the news characteristics of the typical people, events and experiences of the genre. It has more forms of expression, such as general newsletters, features, sketches, as well as interviews, side notes, notes, notes, notes, tour, and so on, generally can be categorized as a newsletter. The history of human communication is very long. As early as in ancient times, people have been exchanging information through simple language, murals and other means. For thousands of years, people have been using language, symbols, bells and drums, fireworks, bamboo slips, paper books and so on to convey information, the ancient people of the beacon fire, pigeon messenger, post horse mail is an example of this. There are still some primitive tribes in some countries that still retain such ancient means of communication as beating drums and sounding horns. In modern societies, the sign language used by traffic policemen and the semaphore used in navigation are but the result of the further development of ancient methods of communication. The basic method of transmitting information is to rely on the human sense of sight and hearing.
After the middle of the 19th century, with the telegraph, telephone, the discovery of electromagnetic waves, the human communication field has produced a fundamental change in the realization of the use of metal wires to transmit information, and even through electromagnetic waves to wireless communication, so that the myth of the "wind ear", "clairvoyance" into reality. Thousands of miles of vision" became a reality. From then on, human information transfer can be separated from the conventional visual and auditory methods, with electrical signals as the new carrier, with which brought a series of iron technology innovation, began a new era of human communication.
In 1837, the American Samuel Morales (Samuel Morales), who was a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AASA), developed a new technology called the "electric signal. Samuel Morse (Samuel Morse) successfully developed the world's first electromagnetic telegraph. He used his own design of the code, can be converted into a string of information or long or short electrical impulses to the destination, and then converted to the original message. May 24, 1844, Morse in the Capitol, the Federal Supreme Court Chamber of the "Morse code" sent the first telegram in human history, thus realizing the long-distance The first telegram in human history was sent "in Morse code", thus realizing long-distance telegraph communication.
In 1864, the British physicist Maxwell (J.c. Maxwel) established a set of electromagnetic theory, predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves, explaining that electromagnetic waves and light have the same nature, both are propagated at the speed of light.
In 1875, a young Scottish man, Alexander Bell (A.G. Bell), was the first person in the world to be recognized as an electromagnetic physicist. A.G. Bell invented the world's first telephone. In 1878, the first long-distance telephone experiment was conducted between Boston and New York, which are 300 kilometers away from each other, and was successful, and then the famous Bell Telephone Company was established.
In 1888, the young German physicist Heinrich Hertz (H.R. Hertz), who had been a member of the German Academy of Physics for many years, developed the first long-distance telephone. Heinrich Hertz (H.R. Hertz) with the wave ring conducted a series of experiments, found the existence of electromagnetic waves, he proved Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism. This experiment stirred the entire scientific community, and became an important milestone in the history of modern science and technology, leading to the birth of radio and the development of electronic technology.
The discovery of electromagnetic waves had a huge impact. Less than six years, Russia's Popov, Italy's Marconi invented the wireless telegraph, the realization of the radio dissemination of information, other radio technology also sprung up. 1904 British electrical engineer Fleming invented the diode. 1906 American physicist Fessenden successfully researched the radio broadcasting. 1907 American physicist DeFleur de Forest invented the vacuum triode, the United States invented the vacuum triode, the physicist DeFleur de Forest invented the vacuum triode, the United States invented the radio broadcasting. In 1907, the American physicist DeForest invented the vacuum transistor, and the American electrical engineer Armstrong invented the super-aberration receiving device by applying the electronic device. 1920, the American radio expert Conrad established the world's first commercial radio station in Pittsburgh, and since then the broadcasting business has flourished all over the world, and the radio has become a convenient way for people to understand the current news. 1924, the first short-wave communication line was established between Nauen and Buenos Aires. In 1924, the first short-wave communication line was established between Nauen and Buenos Aires, and in 1933, the Frenchman Clavell established the first commercial microwave radio line between Britain and France, which promoted the further development of radio technology.
The discovery of electromagnetic waves also led to the rapid development of image dissemination technology. 1922, 16-year-old American high school student Philo Farnsworth designed the first image dissemination technology. Farnsworth designed the first television facsimile schematic, applied for a patent for the invention in 1929, was ruled to be the first person to invent the television set. 1928 Westinghouse Electric Company of the United States, Zwolgin invented the photovoltaic picture tube, and with the cooperation of engineering Normal Wasser, to achieve the electronic scanning method of television transmission and sending. 1935 United States, the Empire State Building in New York, the United States, the establishment of a television station, the following year, the success of the In 1938, Zvolgin produced the first practical television camera. After continuous exploration and improvement, in 1945, on the basis of the principle of three-color operation, the American Radio Corporation made the world's first all-tube color television. Until 1946, the American Rose. Weimar invented a high-sensitivity camera tube, the same year the Japanese Professor Hachimoto solved the problem of home television reception antenna, from which a number of countries have established UHF relay stations, television rapidly spread.
Image fax is also an important communication. Since 1925, the United States Radio Corporation developed the first practical facsimile machine, facsimile technology continues to innovate. 1972, the technology is mainly used for news, publishing, meteorology and broadcasting industry; 1972 to 1980, facsimile technology has been completed from the analog to digital, from the mechanical scanning to the electronic scanning, from the low-speed to high-speed transformation, in addition to replacing the telegraph and for the transmission of meteorological maps, Press releases, photographs, satellite cloud charts, but also in the medical, library management, intelligence consulting, financial data, e-postal applications; after 1980, fax technology to the integrated processing terminal equipment transition, in addition to undertaking communications tasks, it also has the ability to image processing and data processing, to become a comprehensive processing terminal. Electrostatic copiers, magnetic tape recorders, radar, lasers and so on are important inventions in the history of information technology.
In addition, as the information of ultra-long-distance control of remote control, telemetry and remote sensing technology is also very important technology. Remote control is the use of communication lines to control the remote object of a technology, for the electrical business, oil pipelines, chemical industry, military and aerospace industry; telemetry is the remote need to measure physical quantities such as voltage, current, air pressure, temperature, flow, etc. into electricity, the use of communication lines transmitted to the observation point of a measurement technology, used in the meteorological, military and aerospace industry; remote sensing is an integrated Remote sensing is a comprehensive measurement technology, in the high altitude or far away from the use of sensors to receive the electromagnetic wave information radiated by the object, after processing or can be recognized by the image or electronic computer with the recording tape, suggesting that the object to be measured by a nature, shape and changes in the dynamics of the meteorological, military and aerospace industry.
With the rapid development of electronic technology, the military, scientific research urgently need to solve the problem of computing tools have been greatly improved. 1946, the United States of America, the University of Pennsylvania, Eckert and Moshiri developed the world's first electronic computer. The innovation of electronic component materials further promote electronic computers towards miniaturization, high precision, high reliability direction. 1940s, scientists discovered the semiconductor material, made of transistors, instead of tubes. 1948, the U.S. Bell Labs Shawkelay, Bardeen and Brattain invented transistor transistors, so transistor radios, transistor televisions, transistor computers very quickly! In 1959, the United States of America, Kilby and Noyce invented integrated circuits, since the birth of microelectronics technology. 1967, the birth of large-scale integrated circuits, a grain of rice the size of a silicon chip can be integrated into more than 1,000 transistors on the line. 1977, the United States, Japan, scientists made of ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, 30 square millimeters on the silicon wafer integrated Integrated 130,000 transistors on a 30 square millimeter silicon chip. Microelectronics technology has greatly promoted the upgrading of electronic computers, so that electronic computers show unprecedented information processing capabilities, become an important symbol of modern high-tech.
In order to solve the problem of resource **** enjoyment, a single computer soon developed into a computer network, the realization of data communication between computers, data **** enjoyment. Communication media from ordinary wire, coaxial cable development to twisted pair, fiber optic wires, fiber optic cables; electronic computer input and output devices have also developed rapidly, scanners, plotters, audio and video equipment, so that the computer as a tiger to add wings to deal with more complex issues. The rise of multimedia technology at the end of the 20th century 80's, so that computers have a comprehensive treatment of text, sound, image, film and television, and other forms of information capabilities, increasingly. The rise of multimedia technology in the late 1980s, the computer has the ability to comprehensively process text, sound, image, video and other forms of information, increasingly becoming the most important and essential tool for information processing.
So far, we can initially think: information technology (Information Technology, referred to as IT) is based on microelectronics and optoelectronics technology, computer and communications technology as the support to information processing technology as the theme of the technical system of the general term, is a comprehensive technology. The close integration of electronic computers and communications technology, marking the arrival of the digital information age Communications Development History
Wired Communications
U.S. Morse (F.B. Morse): about 5km telegraph (point, scratch, space → letters, numbers);
U.S. Bell (A.G. Bell): the patent for the telephone (electrical signals → voice);
U.S. Pope (A.G. Bell): to obtain the telephone (electrical signals → voice);
U.S. Pope (A.G. Bell): to obtain the patent (electrical signals → voice);
U.S. Bell (A.G. Bell): the patent (electrical signals → voice).
A.G. Bell: communication cables;
1972 Japan: data communication and fax communication services in the public **** communication network;
U.S.A.: published Bell data network, U.K.: experiments in image information services;
Modern communication systems utilize certain centralized switching facilities →complex information networks
→"switching function" →realization of the "switching function". Transmission of signals between any two points.
Wireless communication
1864 Maxwell, England: the existence of electromagnetic waves;
1888 Hertz, Germany: confirmed the existence of electromagnetic waves;
1895 Marconi, Italy: wireless communication with a distance of only a few hundred meters;
1901 Marconi, Italy: transatlantic wireless communication;
1901 Marconi, Italy: transatlantic wireless communication.
1938 Ribbons, France: PCM;
1940 CBS, USA: experimental color TV broadcasting;
1951 CBS, USA: official color TV broadcasting;
Modern wireless communication is spreading all over the world and into the universe,
such as GPS, which can be accurate to within tens of meters.
I wonder if there will be more developments in communication technology in the future.